1、 ANSI/TIA-136-430-1999 APPROVED: NOVEMBER 29, 1999 REAFFIRMED: JUNE 19, 2003 REAFFIRMED: AUGUST 14, 2013 WITHDRAWN: JUNE 12, 2015 TIA-136-430 November 1999TDMA Cellular/ PCS US1 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderst
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19、EGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TINEIA-1 36-430 Contents 1 . Speech Coding (Full-Rate) . Mobile Station 1 2 . Channel Coding . Mobile Station . 2 2.1 Definition of Terms, Nomencl
20、ature, and Assumptions . 2 2.2 Speech Data Classes 3 2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) . 6 2.4 Convolutional Encoding 7 2.4.2 Encoding for Class la bits 9 2.4.2.1 Puncturing for Class la Bits . 8-PSK RDTC 10 2.4.3 Encoding for Class lb bits 10 2.4.3.1 Puncturing for Class lb Bits . 8-PSK RDTC 11 4 .
21、 De-Interleaving 14 5 . Channel Decoding . Mobile Station and Base Station . 15 3 . Interleaving . Mobile Station 12 5.1 Convolutional Decoding 15 5.2 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) . 15 5.3 Bad Frame Masking . 15 6 . Speech Decoding . Mobile Station 16 7 . Speech Coding . Base Station . 17 8 . Chann
22、el Coding . Base Station . 18 8.1 Puncturing for Class lb Bits . 8-PSK FDTC 18 9 . Interleaving . Base Station 19 10 . Speech Decoding . Base Station 21 11 . Change History for TIA/EIA-136-430 . 22 I TINEIA-1 36-430 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Speech Codec Parameter Class
23、Bit Assignments . 5 Input . Output Relationship of Convolutional Coder . 8 Interleaving for Class la Speech bits . 8-PSK RDTC 12 Interleaving for Class lb Speech bits . 8-PSK RDTC 13 Interleaving for Class la Speech bits . 8-PSK FDTC 19 Table 6 Interleaving for Class lb Speech bits . 8-PSK FDTC 20 I
24、I TINEIA-1 36-430 List of Figures Figure 1 Error Correction for Speech Codec . 4 iii TINEIA-1 36-430 1 1. Speech Coding (Full-Rate) - Mobile 2 Station 3 See the following GSM specifications: GSM 06.60, version 5.2.0 GSM 06.61, version 5.1.2 GSM 06.62, version 5.1.2 GSM 06.81, version 5.1.2 DTX GSM 0
25、6.82. version 5.0.3 VAD Voice Coder Error Concealment Comfort Noise The speech coding algorithms are defined in the above referenced document. 1 TINEIA-1 36-430 1 2 3 4 5 6 I 8 9 10 11 2. Channel Coding - Mobile Station The channel error control for the speech codec data defined in this standard (se
26、e Sections 2.1 to 2.4) employs three techniques for the mitigation of channel errors. The first technique is to use a rate one-half convolutional code to protect the more vulnerable bits of the speech codec data stream. The second technique interleaves the transmitted data for each speech codec fram
27、e over one, two or three time slots to mitigate the effects of Rayleigh fading. The third technique employs the use of a cyclic redundancy check over some of the most perceptually significant bits of the speech codec output. After the error correction is applied at the receiver, these cyclic redunda
28、ncy bits are checked to see if the most perceptually significant bits were received properly. 2.1 Definition of Terms. Nomenclature. and AssumDtions 4x1 - The 88th order input polynomial to the CRC a(X) b(X) - The 7th order CRC parity polynomial - The 88th order CRC input polynomial at the receiver
29、which may include the effects of channel errors bit position bit channel position bit position class la ccOi ccli bcOi bcli The 7th order CRC parity polynomial received which may include the effects of channel errors In speech codec parameters the LSB is bit O, the MSB is bit n-1 where there are n b
30、its in the parameter: e.g., the subframe 1 codebook gain has 5 bits, the MSB is bit 4 and the LSB is bit O. Bits are transmitted from low to high. The first bit transmitted is bit O, the last transmitted bit of the frame is bit 398 on the downlink, and bit 371 on the uplink Bit O, i.e., CO is the fi
31、rst bit to be encoded, bit 88, i.e., C88 the last The output of gO(D) to input bit CI The output of gl(D) to input bit CI The output of gO(D) to input bit BI The output of gl(D) to input bit BI c il 3 Il b3i class 1 - Those bits that are convolutionally encoded class 2 - Those bits that are not conv
32、olutionally encoded crc a(X) CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Checking code CRC generator - The CRC generator polynomial CRCs - The CRC parity bits, b(X) - Class la input bit array to the convolutional encoder where i = 0.38 Class lb input bit array to the convolutional encoder where I=0,73 Class 2 bits (unc
33、oded bits) where i ranges from O to 8 81 - - - The 7th order CRC parity polynomial generated from The received input bits (a(X) 2 TINEIA-1 36-430 1 2.2 9 10 interleaving Interleaving format definitions memory order, m q(X) sub frame The first of the two convolutional code generator polynomials (65 o
34、ctal) gO(D) = 1 + D + D + D5 The second of the two convolutional code generator polynomials 57 octal, gl(D) = 1 + D + D3 + D4 + D5 The CRC generator polynomial gcrc(x)= i +x+x+x+x+x Ordering of the bits on the channel. - Format #1 -1 slot interleaving for the uplink, 1 slot - Format #2 - 2 slot inte
35、rleaving for the uplink, 2 slot - Format #3 - 2 slot interleaving for the uplink, 3 slot - Format #4 - 3 slot interleaving for the uplink, 2 slot Memory order of the convolutional code, where 2m = the number of convolutional states. For this system, m = 5 The CRC quotient One of the four subdivision
36、s of a speech frame. Each subframe is 5 milliseconds in duration. interleaving for the downlink interleaving for the downlink (default) interleaving for the downlink interleaving for the downlink Speech Data Classes The first step in the error correction process is the separation of the 244-bit spee
37、ch codec frames information into class la, class lb and class 2 bits. There are 81 class la bits, 74 class lb bits, and 89 class 2 bits in the 244-bit speech codec frame. Convolutional coding of rate % is applied to the class la bits. A punctured convolutional code is applied to the class lb bits. A
38、n 8-bit CRC is used for error detection purposes and is computed over the class la bits for each frame. Class 2 bits are transmitted without any error protection. The process is depicted in Figure 1. In this figure the labels are given in the form x/y where x refers to the Forward direction, and y r
39、efers to the Reverse direction. 3 TINEIA-1 36-430 1 Figure 1 Error Correction for Speech Codec DVCC 14x1 3 89 rate 1/2 Convolutional 178 coding + Puncture 81 bits (class1 a) 8-Bit CRC+ 172 interieaver - rate 1/2 Convolutional 8PSK Mapper 132/111 Interleaver + 244 bits 74 bits (class 89 bits (class 2
40、) Interleaving 399/372 Svnc Symbols Guard Pilot FPC CDVCC Table 1 describes the assignment of parameter its of the speech codec to the three classes. In general, specifying a parameter of the form code 2-3 is equivalent to specifying the 2“d code vector for subframe 3. Also, an entry of the form par
41、ameter, subframe a and b, bits m to n implies that bits m to n of subframe a are sent first and bits m to n of subframe b are sent next. 4 1 TINEIA-1 36-430 Table 1 Speech Codec Parameter Class Bit Assignments Class la Bit LTP lag, subframe 1 and 3, bit 8 to 3 LTP delta lag, subframe 2 and 4, bit 5
42、and 4 LTP gain, subframe 1, bit 3 CB gain, subframe 1, bit 4 LTP gain, subframe 2, bit 3 CB gain, subframe 2, bit 4 LTP lag, subframe 1 and 3, bit 2 LTP lag, subframe 2 and 4, bit 3 LPC 1, bit 5 and 4 LPC 2, bit 7 LPC 2, bit 5 LPC 3, bit 6 and 5 LPC 3, bit O LTP lag, subframe 1 and 3, bit 1 and O LT
43、P lag, subframe 2 and 4, bit 2 LPC 1, bit 3 and 2 LPC 2, bit 4 and 3 LPC 3, bit 8 LPC 2, bit 6 LPC 1, bit 1 and O LPC 2, bit 2 LPC 3, bit 7 LPC 3, bit 4 LTP lag, subframe 2 and 4, bit 1 LPC 1, bit 6 LPC 2, bit 1 and O LPC 3, bit 3 LPC 4, bit 7, 6 LPC 4, bit 4 LTP gain, subframe 3 and 4, bit 3 CB gai
44、n, subframe 3 and 4, bit 4 CB gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit 3 LTP gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit 2 LPC 3, bit 2 and 1 LPC 4, bit 5 and 3 CB gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit 2 LTP gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit 1 TINEIA-1 36-430 Class lb 2 Bit CB pulse 1 to 5, subframe 1 to 4, bit 3 (= sign bit) LPC 4, bit 2 to O LPC
45、 5, bit 5 to 2 LTP lag, subframe 2 and 4, bit O CB pulse 1 to 5, subframe 1 to 4, bit 2 CB pulse 1 to 4, subframe 1 to 4, bit 1, except for pulse 2 in subframe 4 CB gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit 1 LTP gain, subframe 1 to 4, bit O CB gain, subframe 1 to 2, bit O CB gain, subframe 3 to 4, bit O CB pulse
46、1 to 4, subframe 1 to 4, bit O, except for pulse 2 in subframe 4 LPC 5, bit 1 and O CB pulse 5, subframe 1 to 4, bit 1, (note that no bits are repeated) CB pulse 2, subframe 4, bit 1 and O CB pulse 5, subframe 1 to 4, bit O CB pulse 6 to 10, subframe 1 to 4, bit 2 CB pulse 6 to 10, subframe 1 to 4,
47、bit 1 CB pulse 6 to 10, subframe 1 to 4, bit O 1 2.3 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The 8-bit DVCC precedes the 81 class la -bits when calculating the 8-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code. The 8-bit CRC is placed after the 81 information bits. DVCC (8-bits) = (d7,d6,d5,d4,d3
48、,d2,dl,dO) Let a(X)= d7XS8 + d6XS7 + d5XS6 + d4Xs5 + d3XS4 + d2XS3 + dlXS2 + dOXS1 + (classia) + (classiai) + (classia21) + . + Note that classlaO and d7 are the most significant bits respectively, where classlaN-1 is the Nth bit of the class la bits out of the speech coder. The parity polynomial is
49、 the remainder of the division of the input polynomial a(X) and the generator polynomial, g(X);i.e., 12 6 TINEIA-1 36-430 1 2 3 A 5 6 7 8 2.4 14 15 16 17 18 19 where q(X) is the quotient of the division, b(X) the remainder. The quotient here is discarded and only the parity bits are sent. The generator polynomial is given by: g(X)=1+X+X2+X5+X7+X8 Letc(X)= coX ss +ciX 87 +cX 86 +.+ CSSX O = (cZasslaO)X +(czasslalx87 +.+( cZnssluS0X8 +b(X) where classlaN-1 is the N“ bit of the classla bits out of the speech coder. The
