1、 TIA STANDARD FOTP-179 Inspection of Cleaved Fiber End Faces by Interferometry TIA-455-179 May 1988 (reaffirmed March 2007) TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Representing the telecommunications industry in association with the Electronic Industries Alliance NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and
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6、d to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From Project No. 3-1878-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4 Committee on Fiber Optics, FO-4.2 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Te
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21、INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUC
22、H DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. .- / EIA 455-177 8 W 3234600 00b9b5 4 9 I EM.-455-179 CONTENTS 1.INTENT . 1 2 . TESTEQUIPMENT . 1 2.1 Microscope 1 2.1.1
23、 Resolution . 1 2.1.2 Light Source 1 2.1.3 Fixturing 1 2.1.4 Light Interference Device 1 2.2 TVMonitor . 1 2.3 Measuring Scale . 2 3 . TESTSAMPLES 2 4 . TESTPROCEDURE . 2 4.1 Test Description . 2 4.2 Test Conditions . 2 4.3 Equipment Calibration 2 4.4 Test SpecimenExamination . 2 4.4.1 Method of Mea
24、surement . 3 4.4.1.1 Procedure for Measurement . 3 4.4.2 Measuring Fiber End Angularity 3 4.4.3 Defect Conditions and Their Measurement . 4 4.4.3.1 Indent 4 4.4.3.2 Lipfiolloff . , 4 4.4.3.3 Chip . 5 4.4.3.5 Spiral . 5 4.4.3.6Step. 5 4.4.3.7 Shattered . 5 4.4.3.4 Hacklemist 5 4.4.3.8 Concave/Convex
25、5 5 . DOCUMENTATION . 8 6.SUMMARY 8 -1- EIA 455-177 8 3234600 00bb57 b m. a EU-455-179 LIST OF FIGURES Figure I . DETERMINATION OF FIBER END ANGULARITY . 6 Figure II . OPTICAL FEIER ENDFACE CONDITIONS 7 Figure 1 . LINNIK TYPE MICROSCOPE INTERFEROMETER . 10 Figure 2 . FIBER END FACE ANGLE 13 Figure 3
26、 . FRINGE PATTERN (1 . CLEAVE ANGLE) 14 Figure 4 . FRINGE PATTERN (.4 . CLEAVE ANGLE) 15 Figure 5 . FRINGE PATTERN OF SPHERICAL SURFACE . 1G Figure G . INDENT/SCORE Figure 7 . LIP . Figure 8 . ROLLOFF . . Figure 9 . CHIP . . Figure 10 . HACIUE/h4IST . Figure 11 . SPIRAL . Figure 12 . STEP Figure 13
27、. SHATTERED . Figure 14 . CONCAVE . . . 17 . 18 . 19 . 20 . 21 . 22 . 23 . 24 . 25 e EIA 455-179 88 3234600 00bqbbO 2 W EIA-455-179 Page 1 FOTP-179 INSPECTION OF CLEAVED FIBER END FACES BY INTERFEROMETRY (From EIA Standards Proposal No. 1878, formulated under the cognizance of the FO-6.1 Subcommitte
28、e on Fiber Optic Field Tooling.) NOTE: This FOTP forms a part of the latest revision of Recommended Standard EU-455. 1. INTENT The intent of this method is to delineate one means of comparing cleaved optical fiber end faces with an ideal surface that is smooth, flat and perpendicular to the fiber ax
29、is. Comparative measurements of cleaved fiber end faces are useful in the qualitative analysis of cleaving tool performance but are not intended for assessing the potential suitability of a cleaved surface; the intent of this method shall not be confused with the intent of FOTP-57 (EIA-455-57), “Opt
30、ical Fiber End Preparation and Examination“, which is more concerned with the absolute results on particular fiber end(s) than with a comparison of relative results. The device used for this method of comparison is an incident-light interference device (Interferometer). 2. TEST EQUIFMENT 2.1 Microsc
31、ope A microscope equipped with an incident-light interferometer. A Z-axis measuring facility is desirable for the measurement of certain fiber end-face conditions. 2.1.1 Resolution Resolution shall be sufficient to distinguish an Interference pattern of 250 lines per millimeter (this is the approxim
32、ation of a 4 degree angle). 2.1.2 Light Source The light source shall be monochromatic and collimated (e.g., a helium-neon coherent source) or shall be equipped with an interference filter with a known central wavelength (eg., 546 nanometer green filter). Spectral width shall be 10 nanometers. 2.1.3
33、 Fixturing A fiber-holding fixture, e.g. a vacuum chuck, shall be securely afxed to the object stage of the microscope. It shall be positioned to center the fiber end face in the microscopes field of view and to align the fiber axis with the optical axis of the microscope. The fixture shall allow ro
34、tation of the fiber for calibration and alignment purposes. 2.1.4 Light Interference Device An incident light interference device shall be attached to or installed in the microscope. The interference device shall be capable of delineating topographical features to an accuracy of 2 milliradians (1/8
35、of a degree) within the range of O to 4 2.2 TV Monitor The TV monitor shall have a 38 cm (15 inch) screen (measured diagonally) with a minimum resolution of 400 lines and a geometric linearity of 3% overall unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification. from an ideal (perpendicular) fiber e
36、nd face. EIA 455-177 88 3234600 OObSbbL 4 EM-455-179 Page 2 2.3 Measuring Scale A 15 cm (6 inches) scale graduated with minimum scale divisions of 1.6 mm (.O62 in). 3. TEST SAMPLES The required number of prepared fibers shall be specified in the Detail Specification. 4. TEST PROCEDURE 4.1 Test Descr
37、iption Interferometry provides a means for making an accurate examination of a cleaved fiber end. An interferometer picture of a fiber end surface is a contour map with each contour line (fringe) representing a difference in elevation of the fiber surface. A detailed description of interferometry is
38、 attached as Appendix A. 4.2 Test Conditions Unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specifieation, tests shall be performed under standard atmospheric conditions of EIA-455, Para. 4, (25 C (77 OF) f5 C, and 30-60% relative humidity). 4.3 Equipment Calibration To ensure accurate angular measurement
39、 of the fiber end face, it is necessary to first calibrate the squareness of the vacuum chuck (used for holding the fiber) relative to the optical light path of the interferometer, in accordance with equipment manufacturers instructions. The correct calibration of the vacuum chuck can be verified by
40、 the following procedure. 1. Place a master reference fiber with a known cleave angle (eg. 1 degree) into the vacuum chuck fixture. FOCUS on the fiber end face surface to confirm that interference pattern generated by the cleave angle of the reference fiber is correct in relation to the known cleave
41、 angle. If it is not, reinsert the fiber in the fixture to ensure proper alignment. 3. Rotate the reference fiber by hand through one complete revolution (360”) observing the interference pattern at approximately 90 intervals. The 90 increments can easily be approximated by attaching a paper tab to
42、the end of the fiber to serve as a flag indicator. The focus of the fiber end face surface will require readjustment as required at each inspection point. The increase or decrease in the total number of fringes (dark bands) observed shall not exceed a change of 1 fringe (equivalent to 1/8 for a 125
43、pm fiber), unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification. 5. If the verification check using the reference fiber does not meet the specified angularity requirement, Le., fl fringe, the next step is to carefully clean the locating surfaces of the vacuum chuck to remove any foreign particles
44、that may cause the reference fiber to be misaligned. Repeat the 360 revolution of the reference fiber as stated in step 4 above. If the fiber again fails to meet the required angularity, repeat the entire process of rechecking the squareness of the vacuum chuck, followed by the verification procedur
45、e with the reference fiber. 2. 4. 4.4 Test Specimen Examination Place the cleaved test fiber in the vacuum chuck and view the interferometric pattern with the microscope eyepiece or on a remote TV terminal display. After observing the pattern of the fiber end face, proceed to characterize the condit
46、ion of the end face with the aid of Figure II and Figures 6 - 14 in Appendix A which illustrates various surface irregularities. It should be emphasized that the illustrations shown in Appendix A are intended only to assist the user in identifying a particular type of - EIA 455-L9 B 3234b00 0069bb2
47、b - EIA-45 5- 179 Page 3 surface defect. The illustrations are not intended to constitute visual standards, against which similar defects are compared. 4.4.1 Method of Measurement The purpose in establishing a method for the surface measurement of a cleaved angle or a defect area is to aid in classi
48、fying the magnitude of the defect or characterizing the end angle resulting from a cleaving operation. The measurement information is intended to be used in conjunction with the calculated angle of the cleaved fiber and the defect description outlined in Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3. It should be noted
49、that the usage of this information and data is solely dependent on the type of criteria established by the Detail Specification for evaluating cleaver performance. 4.4.1.1 Procedure for Measurement i. Locate the cleaved fiber in the vacuum chuck mounted on the stage of the microscope equipped with an incident-light interferometer. 2. Display the fiber end face on the TV monitor connected to the microscope. Using the magnification facility of the microscope, enlarge the image of the fiber end face to approximately 16.5 cm (6.5 in). The magnification of the fiber end face from
