1、 TIA-455-243 February 2010FOTP-243 Polarization-Mode Dispersion Measurement for Installed Single-Mode Optical Fibers by Wavelength-Scanning OTDR and States-of-Polarization AnalysisANSI/TIA-455-243-2010 APPROVED: JANUARY 28, 2010 REAFFIRMED: FEBRUARY 24, 2015 NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publ
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23、CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 1 FOTP-243 POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION MEASUREMENT FOR INSTALLED SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBERS BY WAVELENGTH-SCANNING OTDR AND STATES-OF-POLARIZATION ANALYSIS Contents FOREWORD . 6 1 INTRO
24、DUCTION . 8 1.1 INTENT 8 1.2 SCOPE 9 1.3 BACKGROUND 9 1.4 PRINCIPLE OF THE METHOD 10 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES . 13 3 APPARATUS 14 3.1 LIGHT SOURCE 15 3.2 LAUNCH POLARIZATION 15 3.3 POLARIZER/SCRAMBLER. 15 3.4 POLARIZATION BEAM SPLITTER. 16 3.5 INPUT / OUTPUT OPTICS. 16 3.6 CLADDING MODE STRIPPER 16 3.
25、7 SIGNAL DETECTION 16 3.8 DATA PROCESSING 16 4 SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS. 17 4.1 SPECIMEN . 17 4.2 PREPARATION 17 4.3 SPECIMEN INSTABILITY . 17 5 PROCEDURE 17 5.1 APPARATUS. 17 5.3 LOCAL RTRETRIEVAL (KSOP 1). 19 5.4 PMDRTRETRIEVAL (KSOP= 1). 22 5.5 GUIDANCE ON MEASUREMENT CONDITIONS. 24 5.6 UNCERTAINTY
26、 28 5.7 AUTO-CALIBRATION . 28 6 CALCULATION AND INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS. 29 6.1. ROUNDTRIP DGD/PMD DETERMINATION 29 6.2. FORWARD PMD DETERMINATION . 30 TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 2 6.3. DETERMINATION OF PMD COEFFICIENT 30 7 DOCUMENTATION. 31 7.1 DATA TO BE REPORTED FOR EACH TEST 31 7.2 UNITED STATES MI
27、LITARY APPLICATIONS 31 8 SPECIFICATION INFORMATION 32 8.1 INFORMATION TO BE SPECIFIED IN DETAIL SPECIFICATION . 32 ANNEX A (INFORMATIVE) 33 ANNEX B (NORMATIVE) .37 B.1 POWER NORMALIZATION37 B.2 TRANSMISSIONS 38 B.3 TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCES 40 B.4 MEAN-SQUARE TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCE .40 B.5 NOISE OFF
28、SET REMOVAL.40 B.6 RESULTS FROM THE MEAN SQUARE TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCE 41 B.7 DETERMINATION OF PMD .42 ANNEX C (INFORMATIVE) 44 C.1 THE 9-STATES MUELLER SET.44 C.2 UNIFORM GRID .44 C.3 RANDOM SCRAMBLING .44 ANNEX D (INFORMATIVE) 45 D.1 UNCERTAINTY 45 D.2 DETECTION SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS.46 D.3 SOUR
29、CE CHARACTERISTICS46 D.4 I/O-SOP CHARACTERISTICS .46 D.5 COMPONENT POLARIZATION SENSITIVITY 50 D.6 DEALING WITH REFLECTIONS50 D.7 ROUNDTRIP UNCERTAINTY 50 ANNEX E (INFORMATIVE) 51 E.1 SIMULATION51 E.2 INTER-COMPARISON BETWEEN THIS METHOD AND THE PSA METHOD51 E.3 PMD MEASUREMENT RESULTS IN SCOTLAND 5
30、3 E.4 PMD MEASUREMENT RESULTS IN PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, CANADA 53 ANNEX F (NORMATIVE) 63 F.1 MODEL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AERIAL CABLE INSTABILITIES IN WIND CONDITIONS63 F.2 PROCEDURES FOR TESTING AERIAL CABLED FIBERS.65 ANNEX G (INFORMATIVE) 68 G.1. INTRODUCTION 68 G.2. SSA-BASED CONFIGURATIONS69 G.3. SS
31、A THEORY.69 ANNEX H (INFORMATIVE) . 89 TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 3 TABLES TABLE E.1 SIMULATION PARAMETERS 51 TABLE E.2 MEASUREMENT PARAMETERS - INTER-COMPARISON WITH PSA 52 TABLE E.3 MEASUREMENT RESULTS FROM SECOND INTER-COMPARISON EXPERIMENT . 52 TABLE E.4 SUMMARY OF THE TEST SITE CONFIGURATION. 53 TAB
32、LE G.1 SSA-RELATED CONFIGURATION MATRIX. 69 TABLE G.2 TRANSMISSION PARAMETERS DEPENDENT ON SCRAMBLER CONFIGURATION 75 TABLE G.3 PARAMETERS DEPENDENT ON SCRAMBLER CONFIGURATION . 76 TABLE G.4 ROUNDTRIP FACTOR DEPENDENT ON MEASUREMENT CONFIGURATION 79 TABLE G.5 RX() FORMULA FOR DGD RETRIEVAL 85 TABLE
33、G.6 PARAMETERS USED IN SSA . 87 TABLE G.7 SUMMARY OF SSA-RELATED PARAMETERS AND RESULTS. 88 FIGURES FIGURE 1 DEFINITIONS OF FIBER LENGTH APPLICATIONS 9 FIGURE 2 ILLUSTRATION OF THE FREQUENCY DOMAIN 11 FIGURE 3 FREQUENCY PAIRS WITH MANY UNCORRELATED RANDOM SCRAMBLED I/O-SOPS (KSOP1) . 11 FIGURE 4 FRE
34、QUENCY PAIRS WITH ONE UNCORRELATED RANDOM SCRAMBLED I/O-SOP (KSOP= 1) . 12 FIGURE 5 TYPICAL EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION USING THIS METHOD 14 FIGURE 6 SCHEMATIC OF TEST PROCEDURE FOR RETRIEVING RT() (KSOP 1) . 20 FIGURE 7 TIME PROCESS FOR ONE FREQUENCY PAIR - PROCEDURE FOR RETRIEVING RT() (KSOP 1) 21
35、 FIGURE 8 SCHEMATIC OF TEST PROCEDURE FOR RETRIEVING PMDRT(KSOP= 1). 22 FIGURE 9 TYPICAL POWER MEASUREMENT RESULTS AT ONE FREQUENCY PAIR (KSOP= 1). 23 FIGURE 10 TIME PROCESS FOR ONE FREQUENCY PAIR - PROCEDURE FOR RETRIEVING PMDRT(KSOP= 1) . 24 FIGURE 11 TYPICAL POWER MEASUREMENT RESULTS FOR EACH FRE
36、QUENCY OF THE FREQUENCY PAIR FOR POWER NORMALIZATION (KSOP= 1). 25 FIGURE 12 TYPICAL TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCE OBTAINED FROM FIGURE 11 POWER MEASUREMENT RESULTS FOR ONE FREQUENCY PAIR (KSOP= 1). 26 FIGURE 13 - INFLUENCE OF THE FREQUENCY/WAVELENGTH SPACING ON THE PMD VALUE. 27 FIGURE B.1 TYPICAL NORMAL
37、IZED STOKES PARAMETERS FOR EACH FREQUENCY PAIR FREQUENCY 38 FIGURE B.2 MAXWELL DGD PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION 43 FIGURE D.1 EXAMPLE OF A TYPICAL EXPERIMENTAL UNCERTAINTY. 45 FIGURE D.2 UNCERTAINTY DEPENDENCE ON THE NUMBER OF I/O-SOPS 47 FIGURE D.3 EXAMPLE OF UNIFORM COVERAGE OF THE POINCAR SPHERES
38、URFACE USING 10 000 I/O-SOPS . 48 FIGURE D.4 EXAMPLE OF UNIFORM COVERAGE OF THE POINCAR SPHERESURFACE USING 200 I/O-SOPS 49 TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 4 FIGURE E.1 SIMULATION RESULTS. 51 FIGURE E.2 EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR THE SECOND INTER-COMPARISON EXPERIMENT. 52 FIGURE E.3 PMD TEST SITES DURING SCO
39、TLAND INTER-COMPARISON CAMPAIGN WITH VIEW OF SPAN C (ENCIRCLED). 54 FIGURE E.4 PMD TEST RESULTS FROM DIFFERENT METHODS DURING SCOTLAND INTER-COMPARISON CAMPAIGN - SPAN C. 55 FIGURE E.5 PMD AND RELATED STOKES PARAMETERS AND SPECTRA USING THIS METHOD IN SCOTLAND CAMPAIGN SPAN C 57 FIGURE E.6 MAP OF CA
40、BLE LINKS IN THE MONTMAGNY-TO-SAINT-PHILMON REGION WITH . PMD TEST RESULTS. 59 FIGURE E.7 MAP OF WIND SPEED (A) AND GUST (B) DISTRIBUTION DURING THE MONTMAGNY-TO-SAINT-PHILMON TESTS . 60 FIGURE E.8 WIND CONDITIONS DURING THE MONTMAGNY-TO-SAINT-PHILMON TESTS FROM CAP TOURMENTE WEATHER STATION 60 FIGU
41、RE E.9 MEASUREMENTS OF NORMALIZED SOP AND SOP PARAMETERS 61 FIGURE E.10 SPECTRA OF SOP PARAMETERS - MONTMAGNY TO SAINT-EUPHREME-SUR-LA- RIVIERE-DU-SUD (14:00) 62 FIGURE F.1 VARIATION OF THE MEAN-SQUARE TRANSMISSION DIFFERENCE IN PRESENCE OF FUT INSTABILITIES . 65 FIGURE F.2 EXAMPLE OF A PROCEDURE FO
42、R DOUBLING THE ACQUISITIONS 66 FIGURE F.3 EXAMPLE OF IMPLEMENTATION USING DOUBLE PULSES 67 FIGURE G.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF GENERIC SSA-BASED CONFIGURATIONS 70 FIGURE G.2 REPRESENTATION OF THE EQUATION OF MOTION OF THE OUTPUT STOKES-VECTOR ON THE POINCAR SPHERE. 73 FIGURE G.3 PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION
43、 FX= X/(1-X2)1/2 WITH 0 X 1 75 FIGURE G.4 ANGULAR COORDINATES OF THE OUTPUT STOKES VECTOR ON THE POINCAR SPHERE. 77 FIGURE G.5 GINTY MEAN-SQUARE INTERFEROGRAM FROM THE FOURIER TRANSFORM OF . POWER SPECTRUM 81 FIGURE G.6 NORMALIZED AUTOCORRELATION RX() AS A FUNCTION OF PMDRT. 82 FIGURE G.7 RATIO OF T
44、HE MEAN SQUARE DIFFERENCES (TRT2/T02)1/2AS A FUNCTION OF PMDRT. 83 FIGURE G.8 RXFORMULA FOR VARIOUS FIBER MODE COUPLINGS. 85 FIGURE G.9 PROBABILITY DENSITY FUNCTION FX= 1/(2(1-X)1/2) WITH 0 X 1. 86 TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 5 This page left blank TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 6 FOTP-243 POLARIZATION-MODE DISPER
45、SION MEASUREMENT FOR INSTALLED SINGLE-MODE OPTICAL FIBERS BY WAVELENGTH-SCANNING OTDR AND STATES-OF-POLARIZATION ANALYSIS Foreword (This Foreword is informative only and is not part of this Standard) This FOTP (Fiber Optic Test Procedure) comes from TIA (Telecommunications Industry Association) Stan
46、dards Proposal SP-3-0305, and was formulated under the cognizance of TIA TR-42.11, Subcommittee on Optical Systems, which is part of TIA TR-42. This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard EIA/TIA 455. There are 8 Annexes, 6 of them informative and 2 normat
47、ive. Keywords: FOTP, polarization mode dispersion (PMD), single-end, states of polarization, polarization scrambling, differential group delay (DGD) TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 7 This page left blank TIA-455-243 SP-3-0305 8 FOTP-243 POLARIZATION-MODE DISPERSION MEASUREMENT FOR INSTALLED SINGLE-MODE OPTICA
48、L FIBERS BY WAVELENGTH-SCANNING OTDR AND STATES-OF-POLARIZATION ANALYSIS (From TIA/ANSI Standards Proposal Number SP-3-0305, formulated under the cognizance of TIA TR-42, Committee on User Premises Telecommunications Cabling Infrastructure; TR-42.11, Subcommittee on Optical Systems) This is part of the series of test procedures included within Recommended Standard TIA-455. 1 Introduction 1.1 Intent This test method describes a procedure for retrieving the polarization-mode dispersion (PMD1) of an installed single-mode optical cabled fiber under test (FUT). The procedure is based on mea
