1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULUNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC. CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENT DECISIONThis Certification Requirement Decision is prepared by UL LLC. It is normative for the applicable ULProduct Certification Program(
2、s); however, it is currently not part of the UL Standard(s) referencedbelow.Product Category (CCN): QIGUStandard Number: UL 1703Standard Title: Standard for Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and PanelsEdition Date: March 15, 2002Edition Number: 3Section / Paragraph Reference: 2 Glossary, 46 Details (R
3、ATING), 47 Details(MARKING), new Section 49 PORTABLE USE CLASS 2 POWER SOURCEMODULESSubject: Evaluation requirements for PV modules as Class 2 Power Sources asdefined in NEC Table 11(B) and for use in applications as defined by NEC Article725 as well as with other Class 2 Power Source products and s
4、ystems.DECISION:GLOSSARY2.19 INHERENTLY LIMITED Refers to a type of Class 2 Power Source which does not require aseparate means to automatically reduce the output levels or de-energize the output circuit as a means ofremaining within Class 2 Power Source limits.RATING46.2 PV modules or products comp
5、rised of multiple modules in combination which comply with 46.3 and46.4 may be rated as a PV Class 2 Power Source and marked as defined in 47.14.46.3 For modules marked as a “PV Class 2 Power Source” the following shall apply:a) Products which are marked “PV Class 2 Power Source” shall comply with a
6、ll requirements inthis standard except as noted.b) Products which are marked “PV Class 2 Power Source” are not eligible for application of theexception under 18.3 for general purpose modules rated less than 30 V and 8 A.Exception: Products which are marked “PV Class 2 Power Source” and are also mark
7、ed “Not forpermanent installation on building structures” are not required to comply with the, Fire Test or theMechanical loading test.c) Products which are marked “PV Class 2 Power Source” shall comply with the following testprogram with test method details as noted.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTH
8、ORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULTable 46.2Section Test Number of samples19 Temperature test 120 Voltage and Current Measurements test 121 Leakage Current Test 322 Strain relief test 123 Push test 124 Cut test 125 Bonding path resistance test 326 Dielectric vo
9、ltage-withstand test 327 Wet Insulation-Resistance Test 328 Reverse current overload test 129 Terminal torque test 130 Impact test 131 Fire test a36 Humidity test 339 Hot-spot endurance test 141 Mechanical loading test 142 Wiring compartment securement test 3aA function of the physical size of the m
10、odule.46.4 Inherently Limited Products which are rated and marked “PV Class 2 Power Source” shall beassessed based on the results of the Section 20, Voltage and Current Measurements test and themeasured values from that test shall be used to calculate the maximum values for compliance as follows:a)
11、A multiplying factor of 1.56 shall be used to account for the worst-case effects of increasedirradiance and location specific effects such as latitude, low turbidity, and reflections uponoutput current.b) A multiplying factor of 1.10 shall be used to account for the worst-case effects of increasedir
12、radiance and location specific effects such as latitude, low turbidity, and reflections uponoutput voltage.c) Verified temperature coefficients for voltage and current which were measured in accordancewith IEC 61215 or IEC 61646 shall be used to calculate correction factors for use in determiningwor
13、st case conditions of voltage current and power at the extremes of the rated ambienttemperature range.1) KV the correction factor obtained by calculation from the manufacturerstemperature coefficient for voltage at the temperature which will result in the highestopen circuit voltage level.2) KI the
14、correction factor obtained by calculation from the manufacturerstemperature coefficient for current at the temperature which will result in the highestshort circuit current level.3) KMVand KMI the respective correction factors obtained by calculation from themanufacturers temperature coefficient for
15、 maximum power point voltage and current atthe temperature which will result in the highest power level.STANDARD NUMBER: UL 1703 -2-UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULWhere open-circuit, short-circuit, or maximum power (identified
16、 using a subscript mp) voltages or currentsare referred to in the equations, the specific temperature coefficients for that value shall be used for thecalculations.Example: To calculate KVor KIvalues from measured temperature coefficients at -40 C:Given a Voltage Coefficient provided as % change / C
17、 of -0.48724KV= 1+ (-40 25) (0.01 -0.48724) = 1.3167Given a Current Coefficient provided as % change / C of 0.05410KI= 1+ (-40 25) (0.01 0.05410) = 0.9648Note 1: Coefficients which are not provided as % / C change should be converted to % / C before calculating K values. Theexample above assumes STC
18、 is used as the basis for the measured temperature coefficients.Note 2: Mono- and poly-crystalline cells have coefficients with opposite algebraic signs the voltage increases as temperaturedecreases and the current increases as temperature increases, while other technologies are known to have differ
19、ent responses totemperature. For this reason, it is important to use the correct sign (+/-) for the coefficients used in the calculations.d) The peak values of Power (Ppk), Voltage (Vpk) and Current (Ipk) Shall be calculated using theverified product ratings.e) The peak values for voltage and curren
20、t shall be calculated as follows:Vpk=VOC KV 1.10.Ipk=ISC KI 1.56f) The peak value for power shall be calculated as follows:Ppk=IMP VMP KMV KMI 1.56Example: Crystalline silicon cells are evaluated for compliance with the power limit. The condition of peakpower is achieved at the minimum operating tem
21、perature due to the coefficient of voltage being negativelycorrelated with temperature, as well as being much larger than the coefficient for current.Given the following values for conditions at -40 C.KMV= 1.2681KMI= 0.9752Vmp(module) at (STC) Volts = 17.00STANDARD NUMBER: UL 1703 -3-UL COPYRIGHTED
22、MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULImp(module) at (STC) Amps = 2.88Ppk=IMP VMP KMV KMI 1.5Ppk= 2.88A 17V 1.2681 0.9752 1.56 = 94.46 Wg) For Inherently limited products, each calculated peak value shall be within the limits in Table46.3.Note: The
23、 limits in Table 46.3 are adapted from the DC limits for Class 2 Power units in UL 1310.Table 46.3Circuit voltage (Vpk)a,bdc Volts Watts (Ppk) Maximum output current (Ipk)c,Amperes030 0 100 08.0aVpk: Maximum output voltage regardless of load.bVoltage ranges shown are for continuous direct current on
24、ly.cIPKis maximum output current regardless of load.MARKING47.14 PV modules or products comprised of multiple modules in combination which comply with 46.3 shallbe marked with the following additional markings:a) Operating temperature range. The maximum ambient temperature shall be 40C, theminimum t
25、emperature shall be defined by the manufacturer.b) “PV Class 2 Power Source”c) “WARNING” and the following or equivalent: “Risk of Fire or Electric Shock. Do notinterconnect with other power sources”Exception: Modules which have been evaluated for interconnection with other power sourcesmay replace
26、this label with specific instructions referring to the appropriate equipment and themeans of interconnection.d) For products intended for portable use If the temperatures in Table 49.3 are exceeded. Ina prominent location where it will be visible during use “CAUTION”, and the following or theequival
27、ent: “HOT SURFACES MAY BE PRESENT ON ALL PARTS OF THIS PRODUCT EXERCISE CAUTION WHEN TOUCHING”.PORTABLE USE CLASS 2 POWER SOURCE MODULES49 Modules which comply with 46.2 and 46.3, may also be evaluated for use in portable applications.49.1 Modules which are intended for portable use shall be constru
28、cted of materials which do not shatterupon impact. Products intended for portable applications shall comply with the Section 49.3 Mechanicalabuse tests.STANDARD NUMBER: UL 1703 -4-UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL49.2 Modules wh
29、ich are intended for use in portable applications shall be marked “Suitable for use inportable applications”.49.3 Mechanical abuse tests49.3.1 A PV Class 2 Power Source module for portable use shall comply with Section 49.3.2 through49.3.549.3.2 A PV Class 2 Power Source module shall withstand the a
30、pplicable mechanical abuse testsdescribed in 49.3.3 49.3.4 without:a) Making internal live parts accessible to the probe illustrated in Figure 15.1 and as specifiedin 15.5; orb) Producing any condition that results in a risk of fire; orc) The superstrate or the substrate cracking or breaking.49.3.2.
31、1 Upon conclusion of the tests, the samples shall be subjected to the Dielectric Voltage WithstandTest. An examination shall be conducted for evidence of the development of a risk of fire or electric shock.The Water Spray Test, and the Wet Insulation-Resistance Test, shall also be conducted if evide
32、nce ofaccessibility is inconclusive.49.3.3 Drop Impact test.49.3.3.1 Three samples are to be subjected to this test. Each unit is to be dropped (free fall) three timesin succession from a height of 3 feet (914 mm) from the lowest portion of the module onto a concretesurface. Each of the drops is to
33、result in the impact occurring at a point on the unit different from theimpact points on the other drops.Exception: If the manufacturer so elects, fewer samples may be used in accordance with Figure 49.3,wherein each series consists of three drops of the sample. The overall performance is acceptable
34、 uponcompletion of any one of the procedures represented in the figure.This is generated text for figtxt.STANDARD NUMBER: UL 1703 -5-UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL49.3.4 Resistance to crushing test.49.3.4.1 One sample of the
35、unit shall withstand for 1 minute a steady crushing force of 75 pounds-force(334 N) applied at right angles to the module surface. The module is to be tested between two parallel,flat, hardwood blocks, each not less than 1/2 inch (12.7 mm) thick. The crushing force is to be appliedgradually in a dir
36、ection normal to the module surface.49.3.5 The tests in 49.3.3 and 49.3.4 Shall be repeated on samples which have been cooled to atemperature of minus 35.0 2.0C (minus 31.0 3.6F) and maintained at this temperature for a minimumof 3 hours. Testing is to commence immediately upon removal from the cool
37、ing chamber. One samplemay be utilized for each test, however all samples shall comply with 49.3.2.49.3.6 Accessible portions of PV modules which are intended for portable use shall not exceed thetemperatures in Table 49.3 during the Temperature test.Figure 49.3Procedure for drop impact testSTANDARD
38、 NUMBER: UL 1703 -6-UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULTable 49.3Temperature limits for accessible surfacesPart Limit (C)Metal Glass, porcelain,EnamelaPolymeric materialsaParts which are continuously held during normaluse.55 65 75
39、Parts which are normally held for short periodsonly during normal use60 70 85Enclosure parts accessible to user by casualcontact.70 80 95aNonmetallic materials shall not be used above their temperature ratings regardless of the temperatures in the table.RATIONALE FOR DECISION:A need exists to be abl
40、e to rate PV modules as a “Class 2 Power Source” device to be acceptable for useaccording to other equipment standards. These other equipment standards define Class 2 Power Sourcelimits (e.g., UL 1310) as the maximum output current level that can be obtained after 60 seconds ofcontinuous operation.
41、Maximum voltage and maximum power are also clearly defined and can be easilyapplied and assessed. Standards for PV modules lack clear compliance with these limits as ratings arebased upon standardized benchmark values “Standard Test Conditions (STC) which do not define amaximum limiting operating co
42、ndition for PV modules in the field. In reality, the actual output of PVmodules varies according to a many different variables ambient temperature, latitude, reflections, etc.Installations and location-specific factors can also contribute to the output of a PV system.Consequently, to define a given
43、PV module as being equivalent to an “Inherently Limited” Class 2 PowerSource power source, the need exists to define the worst-case conditions which will push a PV moduleinto the extremes of its real world electrical output operating range. STC based values, and other knowncharacteristics of PV modu
44、les can be effectively used as the basis for this evaluation although specificcorrection and safety factors need to be applied to the STC based operating parameters to equate themaximum possible PV module output to that of a Class 2 Power Source. The variable quantities whichmust be considered are a
45、s follows:1. Irradiance As the sun rises and falls in the sky the irradiance will follow a sinusoidal curvein any given location with the peak irradiance (and peak current) taking place roughly in themiddle of the NEC defined 3 hour “Maximum current” window. This will also approximatelycorrelate wit
46、h the peak Voc, peak Vmpand peak power available from PV modules, but peak Vocat this irradiance will not differ significantly since that quantity becomes highly non-linear as loadcurrent falls below the MPP.2. Ambient Temperature PV modules are temperature dependent devices, and are providedwith te
47、mperature coefficient ratings for voltage, current and power. PV module voltagecommonly increases as temperature decreases, and PV current increases as temperatureincreases but there are exceptions to these rules for some technologies.Note: Polymeric materials used in PV modules are judged for suita
48、bility during the UL 1703 Temperature Test based ona 40C reference ambient air temperature.3. Location According to some estimates, DNI (Direct Normal Irradiance) peaks at about 1.15 STC in the highest sun areas of the U.S.STANDARD NUMBER: UL 1703 -7-UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHE
49、R REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL4. Location (Reflections) If the area where the equipment is installed is subject to reflectionsfrom reflective surfaces such as snow, liquid water, metal roofs, or even clouds, the reflectionswill add to the DNI and increase the total irradiance and increase the output of the modules.These four factors were used as the basis for the electrical rating section 46.4. Mechanical abuse testsfor portable equipment were drawn from UL 1310.Copyright 2017
