1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULDecember 19, 20131UL 2901Outline of Investigation for Antifreeze Solutions for Use in Fire SprinklerSystemsIssue Number: 1December 19, 2013Summary of TopicsThis first issue of the Outline of Inve
2、stigation for Antifreeze Solutions forUse in Fire Sprinkler Systems, UL 2901, covers new requirements forantifreeze solutions intended to be used for fire sprinkler systems. ThisOutline includes requirements that address the stability of the solutions,the effect of the solutions when exposed to mate
3、rials that can beexpected in water based systems, human health and environmentalimpact assessment, fire performance, determination of hydrauliccharacteristics, marking and installation and minimum productionspecifications.ULs Outlines of Investigation are copyrighted by UL. Neither a printed norelec
4、tronic copy of an Outline of Investigation should be altered in any way. All ofULs Outlines of Investigation and all copyrights, ownerships, and rights regardingthose Outlines of Investigation shall remain the sole and exclusive property of UL.COPYRIGHT 2013 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGH
5、TED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULDECEMBER 19, 2013UL 29012No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Units of Measurement .43
6、 Undated References 4CONSTRUCTION4 General 4PERFORMANCE5 General 56 Characterization Tests .57 High Ambient Temperature Stability .58 Temperature Cycling Stability .69 Electrical Conductivity .610 Corrosion Rate 611 Pit Depth Corrosion 712 Exposure to Elastomeric Materials .713 Stress Corrosion .814
7、 Impact of Galvanic Action .815 Compatibility with Polymeric Materials 916 Toxicity .917 Exposure to Fire 1018 Fire Fighting Effectiveness .1319 Viscosity at Temperature Limitations 1420 Resistance to Leakage 14MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS21 General .15INSTRUCTIONS22 Use and Installation Instr
8、uctions 16MARKING23 General 17DECEMBER 19, 2013 UL 2901 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 This Outline of Investigation covers requirements for the performance of antifreeze solutions for firesprinkler sys
9、tems.1.2 These solutions are intended for use in wet pipe sprinkler systems subject to freezing for installationin accordance with the manufacturers design and installation instructions and the Standard for Installationof Automatic Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13; and inspected, tested and maintained in
10、accordance with theStandard for Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Water Based Fire Protection Systems, NFPA 25.2 Units of Measurement2.1 The metric unit shall be designated as the official unit for purposes of this outline. Where values ofmeasurement are specified in both SI and English units,
11、either unit is used. In cases of dispute, the metricunit shall be used.3 Undated References3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this standard shall beinterpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.CONSTRUCTION4 General4.1 Antifreez
12、e solutions shall be formulated in such a manner to demonstrate the ability of the solution tonot substantially contribute to the heat release rate of a fire when tested in accordance with Section 17,Exposure to Fire.4.2 For antifreeze solutions having hydraulic flow characteristics dissimilar from
13、water, the manufacturersdesign and installation instructions shall include information regarding the appropriate methodologies andcriteria for hydraulically calculating sprinkler systems using the antifreeze solution. See Section 19,Viscosity at Temperature Limitations and 22.1(d).4.3 Hydrocarbon oi
14、ls shall not be miscible in an antifreeze solution unless it can be demonstrated that themiscibility will not significantly impact the ability of the solution to comply with the requirements of thisoutline.4.4 Antifreeze solutions shall be pre-mixed at the factory and shall not require additional mi
15、xing in thefield or additional constituents in the field.4.5 The maximum use temperature shall not be less than 150 F (66 C).DECEMBER 19, 2013UL 29014UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULPERFORMANCE5 General5.1 Samples of antifreeze
16、 solutions that are representative of formulation and concentration shall besubjected to the tests in Sections621.6 Characterization Tests6.1 An antifreeze solution shall be characterized by conducting the following tests, using the test methodsand samples indicated in Table 6.1.Table 6.1Solution Ch
17、aracterization TestsTest Description Test Standard Reference Antifreeze SamplesPour Point ASTM D97, Standard Test Method forPour Point of Petroleum ProductsEach Formulation, each concentrationViscosity ASTM D2983, Standard Test Method forLow-Temperature Viscosity of LubricantsMeasured by Brookfield
18、ViscometerEach Formulation, most concentratedSpecific Gravity ASTM D1429, Standard Test Methods forSpecific Gravity of Water and BrineEach Formulation, each concentrationpH ASTM D1293, Standard Test Methods forpH of WaterEach Formulation, most concentratedFreeze Point ASTM D6660, Standard Test Metho
19、d forFreezing Point of Aqueous EthyleneGlycol Base Engine Coolants byAutomatic Phase Transition Method orequivalent differential scanningcalorimetric methodsEach Formulation, each concentration7 High Ambient Temperature Stability7.1 An antifreeze solution shall maintain stability and not separate as
20、 evidenced by a change of morethan 10% in the Pour Point, Viscosity, Specific Gravity, pH and Freeze Point after being exposed to atemperature of 158 F (70C) for 90 days.7.2 For each concentration of antifreeze solution, at least two covered containers having a volume notless than 0.5 liters are to
21、be filled with the antifreeze solution and placed in an air circulating oven for 90days at a temperature of 158 4F(702 C).7.3 After the exposure, the sample solutions are to be subjected to the tests specified in Table 6.1.DECEMBER 19, 2013 UL 2901 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER
22、 REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL8 Temperature Cycling Stability8.1 An antifreeze solution shall maintain stability and not separate as evidenced by a change of morethan 10% in the Pour Point, Viscosity, Specific Gravity, pH and Freeze Point after being exposed to atemperature
23、cycling between intended use temperature extremes after 40 cycles.8.2 For each concentration of antifreeze solution, at least two covered containers having a volume notless than 0.5 liters are to be filled with the antifreeze solution and placed in a temperature conditionedchamber capable of exposin
24、g the samples to temperature limitations for the concentrations indicated inthe manufacturers installation instructions. As indicated in 4.5, the maximum use temperature is not to beless than 150 F (66 F). The samples are to be cycled from the minimum to the maximum intended usetemperatures once eac
25、h 24 hours for a total of 40 cycles.8.3 After the exposure the sample solutions are to be subjected to the tests specified in Table 6.1.9 Electrical Conductivity9.1 The electrical conductivity of an antifreeze solution shall not exceed 1000 Siemens/cm2when testedin accordance with 9.2, unless it can
26、 be demonstrated that the solution exhibits electrical shock riskssimilar to water when discharged onto representative energized equipment typically found in dwellingunits.9.2 Each formulation and concentration of antifreeze solution shall be subjected to the conductivity test inaccordance with ASTM
27、 D1125, Standard Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity ofWater.10 Corrosion Rate10.1 An antifreeze solution at the minimum and maximum concentration shall not cause the corrosionrate, as determined in 10.2 and 10.3, to exceed 1.0 mils/year (0.025 mm/year) for the following materia
28、ls:a) ASTM A108, Grade 1010 steel;b) ASTM B16, H02 (Half Hard) brass;c) Type 304 stainless steel; andd) Additional representative metallic materials other than steel, brass, bronze or stainless steelreferenced in the manufacturers instructions as being compatible with the antifreeze solution.10.2 Te
29、st coupons of each material are to be prepared and exposed to the antifreeze solution using themethod described in the Standard for Water Additives for Fire Control and Vapor Mitigation, NFPA18A-2011 for investigating uniform corrosion.10.3 The corrosion rate in mils per year is to be determined by
30、calculating the weight loss over theexposed area of the sample coupon in accordance with the Standard on Water Additives for Fire Controland Vapor Mitigation, NFPA 18A.DECEMBER 19, 2013UL 29016UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL11
31、 Pit Depth Corrosion11.1 An antifreeze solution at the minimum and maximum concentration shall not cause pit corrosion, asdetermined 11.2 and 11.3, in excess of an A-1, B-1 or C-1 rating as referenced in the Standard Practicefor Examination and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion, ASTM G46 for the follo
32、wing materials:a) ASTM A108, Grade 1010 steel;b) ASTM B16, H02 (Half Hard) brass;c) Type 304 stainless steel; andd) Additional representative metallic materials other than steel, brass, bronze or stainless steelreferenced in the manufacturers instructions as being compatible with the antifreeze solu
33、tion.11.2 Test coupons for each material are to be prepared and tested in accordance with the StandardGuide for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals, ASTM G31.11.3 After the exposure, the samples are to be evaluated for corrosion pits in accordance with ASTMG46, Standard Guide for Examin
34、ation and Evaluation of Pitting Corrosion.12 Exposure to Elastomeric Materials12.1 After exposure of an antifreeze solution in the maximum concentration in accordance with 12.2 and12.3, each elastomeric material shall comply with the following when tested in accordance with theStandard for Gaskets a
35、nd Seals, UL 157:a) Not less than 60% of the original tensile strength and elongation;b) A volume change of minus 1 to plus 25 percent; andc) A maximum loss of weight of 10 percent12.2 The following elastomeric materials are to be exposed to the antifreeze solution:a) Natural Rubber;b) EPDM;c) BUNA-
36、N;d) Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR); ande) Additional representative elastomeric materials referenced in the manufacturers instructionsas being compatible with the antifreeze solution.DECEMBER 19, 2013 UL 2901 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PE
37、RMISSION FROM UL12.3 Testing is to be conducted in accordance with the method described for the Extinguishing AgentExposure Test described in the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157 for 30 days except thatantifreeze solution is used and the exposure temperature is to be 150 4F(662 C).13 Stress Co
38、rrosion13.1 An antifreeze solution at the minimum and maximum concentration shall not cause stress crackingwhen tested in accordance with 13.2 and 13.3 using the following metallic materials:a) ASTM A108, Grade 1010 steel;b) ASTM B16, H02 (Half Hard) brass;c) Type 304 stainless steel; andd) Addition
39、al representative metallic materials other than steel, brass, bronze or stainless steelreferenced in the manufacturers instructions as being compatible with the antifreeze solution.13.2 At least three test specimens of each material are to be prepared in accordance with the StandardPractice for Maki
40、ng and Using U-Bend Stress-Corrosion Test Specimens, ASTM G30 using the specimenconfiguration illustrated in Example (a), (b) or (d). The stress shall be applied to the specimen in such amanner that the stress conditions referenced in Figure 3 (b) or (e) of ASTM G30, are achieved. The testspecimens
41、are to be cleaned in accordance with ASTM G31 and examined using a 25X magnificationprior to testing to determine that no cracking is exists prior to immersing the sample in the antifreezesolution.13.3 The stressed test specimens are to be immersed in the antifreeze solution in accordance with ASTMG
42、31 for a period of 30 days at a temperature of 120 4F (49 2C).13.4 After the exposure, each test specimen is to be examined for stress cracks using a 25X magnifyinginstrument.14 Impact of Galvanic Action14.1 Each concentration of antifreeze solution shall not exhibit an electrical potential greater
43、than thepotential measured in 14.2 when tested with the following material combinations in accordance with 14.3:a) ASTM A108, Grade 1010 steel;b) ASTM B16, H02 (Half Hard) brass;c) Type 304 stainless steel; andd) Additional representative metallic materials other than steel, brass, bronze or stainle
44、ss steelreferenced in the manufacturers instructions as being compatible with the antifreeze solution.DECEMBER 19, 2013UL 29018UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL14.2 Coupons of ASTM A108, Grade 1010 steel and ASTM B16, H02 (Half
45、Hard) brass are to beimmersed in a water solution with a conductivity of 1,000 Siemens/cm2,at705F (21 3C) inaccordance with ASTM G71, Standard Guide for Conducting and Evaluating Galvanic Corrosion Tests inElectrolytes . A potentiometer is to be connected to each metallic sample and the voltage meas
46、ured.14.3 Coupons of each combination of metallic materials in 14.1(a) (d) are to be immersed in eachformulation and concentration of antifreeze solution at 70 5F (21 3C) in accordance with ASTM G71,Standard Guide for Conducting and Evaluating Galvanic Corrosion Tests in Electrolytes. A potentiomete
47、ris to be connected to each metallic sample, the voltage measured and compared to the voltage obtainedin 14.2.15 Compatibility with Polymeric Materials15.1 Antifreeze solutions intended for use with specific polymeric materials referenced in themanufacturers installation instructions shall not cause
48、 the material tensile strength of the polymericmaterial to be reduced by more than 30 percent when tested in accordance with 15.3 through 15.5.15.2 In addition to 15.1, CPVC and cross-linked polyethylene piping materials shall comply with 27.2 ofthe Standard for Thermoplastic Sprinkler Pipe and Fitt
49、ings for Fire Protection Service, UL 1821, whentested for 1000 hours, pressurizing the piping with each concentration of antifreeze solution rather thanwater.15.3 Tensile strength specimens of each polymeric material being tested are to be prepared inaccordance with the Standard for the Test Method for the Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM D638.15.4 The polymeric tensile strength specimens are to be immersed in the antifreeze solution andmaintained at a temperature of 189 4F (87 2C) for 30, 60 and 90 days.15.5 After the exposure, the
