1、October 18, 20011SUBJECT 1854OUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFOREXCAVATION LINERS FOR SECONDARY CONTAINMENT OF FLAMMABLEAND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDSIssue Number: 2OCTOBER 18, 2001COPYRIGHT 2001 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.OCTOBER 18, 2001SUBJECT 18542No Text on This PageCONTENTSFOREWORD 6INTRODUCTION1 Scope .7
2、2 General 72.1 Units of measurement .72.2 Components .72.3 Undated references .8CONSTRUCTION3 General 8PERFORMANCE4 General 85 Permeation .96 Volume Change and Extraction of Soluble Material 107 Soil Burial .108 Air Oven Aging 119 Immersion 1110 Penetration Resistance 1211 Cold Impact 1212 Leakage T
3、est 1213 Light and Water Exposure .12FABRICS14 Breaking Load and Elongation 1315 Tear Strength 1316 Seam Strength .1317 Abrasion .13REINFORCED RIGID PLASTIC18 Flexural Strength .1419 Izod Impact 1420 Joint Strength 14NON-RIGID PLASTIC21 Tensile Strength and Elongation 1422 Tear Strength 1523 Seam St
4、rength .1524 Tensile Impact 1525 Environmental Stress Cracking Resistance 15OCTOBER 18, 2001 SUBJECT 1854 3MARKING26 General 15OCTOBER 18, 2001SUBJECT 18544OCTOBER 18, 2001 SUBJECT 1854 5No Text on This PageFOREWORDA. This Outline of Investigation contains basic requirements for products covered by
5、UnderwritersLaboratories Inc. (UL) under its Follow-Up Service for this category within the limitations given below andin the Scope section of this Outline of Investigation. They are subject to revision as further experience andinvestigation may show is necessary or desirable.B. The observance of th
6、ese requirements by a manufacturer is one of the conditions of the continuedcoverage of the manufacturers product.C. A product which complies with the text of this Outline of Investigation will not necessarily be judged tocomply with the Outline of Investigation if, when examined and tested, it is f
7、ound to have other featureswhich impair the level of safety contemplated by these requirements.D. A product that contains features, characteristics, components, materials, or systems new or differentfrom those covered by the requirements in this Outline of Investigation, and that involves a risk of
8、fire orof electric shock or injury to persons shall be evaluated using appropriate additional component andend-product requirements to maintain the level of safety as originally anticipated by the intent of thisOutline of Investigation. A product whose features, characteristics, components, material
9、s, or systemsconflict with specific requirements or provisions of this Outline of Investigation does not comply with thisOutline of Investigation. Revision of requirements shall be proposed and adopted in conformance with themethods employed for development, revision, and implementation of this Outl
10、ine of Investigation.E. UL, in performing its functions in accordance with its objectives, does not assume or undertake todischarge any responsibility of the manufacturer or any other party. The opinions and findings of ULrepresent its professional judgement given with due consideration to the neces
11、sary limitations of practicaloperation and state of the art at the time the Outline of Investigation is processed. UL shall not beresponsible to anyone for the use of or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation by anyone. UL shall notincur any obligation or liability for damages, including conseq
12、uential damages, arising out of or inconnection with the use, interpretation of, or reliance upon this Outline of Investigation.F. Many tests required by the Outline of Investigations of UL are inherently hazardous and adequatesafeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting suc
13、h tests.OCTOBER 18, 2001SUBJECT 18546INTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 This outline covers the investigation of materials and components of excavation liners for secondarycontainment of flammable and combustible liquids. Excavation liners can be:a) Pre-engineered systems which are essentially complete when shi
14、pped from the factory, orb) Field assembled systems.1.2 This outline does not cover leak detection equipment and monitoring systems.2 General2.1 Units of measurement2.1.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.2.2 Compon
15、ents2.2.1 Except as indicated in 2.2.2, a component of a value covered by this outline of investigation shallcomply with the requirements for that component.2.2.2 A component need not comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not needed in the application of the
16、 component in thevalue covered by this outline of investigation, orb) Is superseded by a requirement in this outline of investigation.2.2.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions ofuse.2.2.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction f
17、eatures or restricted in performancecapabilities. Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, such as certaintemperatures not exceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.2.2.5 Components such as fittings, closures, sealants and gaskets a
18、re to be investigated with respect tosuitability for use as part of the secondary containment system. Factors which are to be considered wheninvestigating components are:a) Exposure to stored product and ground water;b) Structural integrity;c) Resistance to aging; andd) Resistance to corrosion.Test
19、methods appropriate for investigation of the component under consideration will be utilized.OCTOBER 18, 2001 SUBJECT 1854 72.3 Undated references2.3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline ofinvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the la
20、test edition of that code or standard.CONSTRUCTION3 General3.1 Pre-Engineered Systems are essentially complete when shipped from the factory. All major seamsand welds are completed under controlled conditions at the factory.3.2 Pre-Engineered Systems are shipped to the excavation site with an instal
21、lation manual and areintended for installation in accordance with the instructions in the installation manual.3.3 Field Engineered Systems are essentially constructed at the excavation site.3.4 Installation of the excavation liner shall be conducted under the supervision of the liner manufacturerfol
22、lowing accepted installation practices.3.5 Installation instructions shall be provided with each excavation liner. The instructions shall include testinstructions for the installer to verify that the seams, welds, or joints have no discontinuities or voids.PERFORMANCE4 General4.1 Materials for excav
23、ation liners are classed as:a) Fabric,b) Reinforced rigid plastic, orc) Non-rigid plastic.All materials shall be subjected to the tests in Sections 5 13. Each material class shall also be subjectedto the applicable additional tests specified in Sections 14 25.4.2 Materials shall be tested for resist
24、ance to petroleum products only, or resistance to petroleumproducts and gasohol (gasoline and maximum 10 percent ethanol), or resistance to petroleum products,alcohols, and alcohol-gasoline mixtures.OCTOBER 18, 2001SUBJECT 185485 Permeation5.1 Permeation tests are to be conducted as described in 5.2
25、. The rate of permeation of a test liquidthrough the liner material shall not be greater than 48 grams/m2/day (0.16 ounces/ft.2/day).5.2 Permeation tests are to be conducted using the method described in Standard Test Methods forWater Vapor Transmission of Materials, ASTM E96, except the test durati
26、on is to be 28 days and thepermeation assemblies are to be constructed using a mechanical seal. The inverted liquid method is tobe used and the outside ambient conditions are to be maintained at 23 2C (73 3.6F), 50 5 percentRH.5.3 Each of the Type A internal test liquids in Table 5.1 are to be used
27、in the permeation test.Table 5.1Immersion test liquidsInternal fluids External fluidsType A Type B Type A Type BPetroleum Products only:Premium leaded gasoline Toluene Sulfuric acid (pH = 3) Distilled wateraor deionized waterbRegular unleaded gasoline Saturated sodium chloride Hydrochloric acid (1 p
28、ercent)cNo. 2 fuel oil Nitric acid (1 percent)cASTM Reference Fuel C Sodium carbonate sodiumbicarbonate solution (pH = 10)dNo. 6 fuel oileSodium hydroxide solution (pH = 12)Additional Liquids For Alcohol andAlcohol-Petroleum Blends:Methanol (100%)Ethanol (100%)50% Methanol 50% Reference Fuel C50% Et
29、hanol 50% Reference Fuel C15% Methanol 85% Reference Fuel C15% Ethanol 85% Reference Fuel C10% Ethanol 90% Reference Fuel C30% Ethanol 70% Reference Fuel CAdditional Test Liquids For Alcohol-Petroleum Blends (Gasohol):10% Ethanol 90% Reference Fuel C30% Ethanol 70% Reference Fuel CNOTES1 Test parame
30、ters, such as temperature and concentrations of media, are increased in severity over those of normal operatingconditions to obtain observable deterioration in a reasonable period of time. This accelerated test may not give any directcorrelation with service performance. However, this method of test
31、ing yields comparative data on which to evaluate the product.2 Reference Fuel C is to be as described in the Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Effect of Liquids, ASTM D471.3 At the request of the manufacturer, the Immersion testing may be conducted in additional test fluids not listed in Tabl
32、e 5.1.aDistilled water having a maximum total matter of 2.0 ppm and a maximum electrical conductivity of 5.0 microhms/cm at 25C(77F), as described for Type IV grade reagent water in the Standard Specification for Reagent Water, ASTM D1193.bDeionized water having a maximum electrical conductivity of
33、5.0 micromhos/cm at 25C (77F), as described for Type IVgrade reagent water in ASTM D1193.cPercentage by weight.OCTOBER 18, 2001 SUBJECT 1854 9Table 5.1 Continued on Next PageTable 5.1 ContinuedInternal fluids External fluidsType A Type B Type A Type BdA pH of 10 can be obtained by mixing 10.6 grams
34、per liter of sodium carbonate and 8.4 grams per liter of sodiumbicarbonate. A pH meter is to be used and the ratio of sodium carbonate to sodium bicarbonate adjusted as needed. The pH isto be checked several times during the test.eOptional, to be used only at the request of and at the temperature sp
35、ecified by manufacturer.6 Volume Change and Extraction of Soluble Material6.1 The tests are to be conducted in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Rubber Property Effect of Liquids, ASTM D471, using each of the internal fluids indicated in Table 5.1.6.2 The maximum volume swell is not to be
36、 greater than 10 percent and the maximum amount of materialextracted is not to be greater than 0.5 percent.7 Soil Burial7.1 Samples of the material shall not show a change in physical properties greater than 10 percentfollowing the soil burial exposure.7.2 Ten samples, 10 by 1 inch (254 by 25.4 mm),
37、 five in the machine direction and five in the transversedirection are to be preconditioned in accordance with the Standard Practice for Conditioning Plastics forTesting, ASTM D618, Procedure A.7.3 Following the preconditioning the samples shall vertically buried to a depth of 5 inches (127 mm) inco
38、mpost soil for 30 days. The soil shall be prepared using usual greenhouse practice with a pH between6.5 and 7.5, and rich in cellulose-destroying microorganisms. The moisture content of the soil is to bemaintained between 25 and 30% on an oven-dry basis and the test conducted in a room maintainedbet
39、ween 900 1000F (482 538C). The microbiological activity is to be checked at one week and twoweek intervals by measuring the loss in tensile strength of untreated 10 oz. cotton duck. The tensilestrength losses of 70% after one week burial and 90% after two week burial indicate proper soil conditions.
40、7.4 One of the following physical tests shall be conducted following the 30 day soil burial:a) Standard Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test),ASTM D5034 and Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics(Strip Test), ASTM D5035;b)
41、Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics, ASTM D638; orc) Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics andElectrical Insulating Materials, ASTM D790.OCTOBER 18, 2001SUBJECT 1854108 Air Oven Aging8.1 Samples cut directly from an excavation liner
42、 are to be subjected to air oven aging at 70C (158F)for 30, 90 and 180 days. Other comparative combinations of temperature and time can be considered tomeet these requirements; (for every 10C rise in temperature, the time periods can be decreased by 1/2,i.e. 80C for 15, 45 and 90 days).8.2 Following
43、 exposure, fabric samples are to be subjected to the tests specified in Sections 14 17;reinforced rigid plastic samples are to be subjected to the tests specified in Sections 18 20; and non-rigidplastics are to be subjected to the tests specified in Sections 21 25.8.3 The physical properties of the
44、above conditioned samples shall not be less than 80 percent of thephysical properties of unconditioned samples.9 Immersion9.1 Samples cut directly from an excavation liner are to be conditioned as described in 9.3 9.5.9.2 The physical properties of a sample after immersion in a Type A liquid are to
45、be at least 50 percentof an unconditioned sample. The physical properties of a sample after immersion in a Type B liquid areto be at least 30 percent of an unconditioned sample. Following immersion, fabric samples are to besubjected to the test specified in Sections 14 17; reinforced rigid plastic s
46、amples are to be subjected tothe tests specified in Sections 18 20; and non-rigid plastic samples are to be subjected to the testsspecified in Sections 21 25.9.3 An immersion test liquid is to be classed as either Type A or Type B according to the followingdefinitions:a) Type A liquids represent eit
47、her an actual product to be stored or an outside soil condition.b) Type B liquids are more severe than expected conditions and are intended to indicatewhether additional testing is required to determine the acceptability of the material.9.4 Samples are to be immersed in each of the liquids specified
48、 in Table 5.1 for 30, 90, and 180 days.A separate group of samples is to be used for each immersion period for each of the test liquids.9.5 The liquids are to be maintained at 38C (100F) during the test. The edges of all samples forimmersion are to be sealed to minimize edge effects during the immer
49、sion. For the test specified in 9.2,specimens are to be cut from the centers of the samples that have been subjected to the immersionconditioning.OCTOBER 18, 2001 SUBJECT 1854 1110 Penetration Resistance10.1 The tests are to be conducted in accordance with ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for CoatedFabrics, using both a 1 inch (25.4 mm) diameter steel ball and a flat steel tip as described in 10.2.10.2 The flat face of the steel tip is to have dimensions of 0.31 0.01 inch (7.9 0.25 mm) wide by 0.0310.004 inch (7.9 0.1 mm) thi
