1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJuly 10, 20061SUBJECT 2264BOUTLINE OF INVESTIGATIONFORHYDROGEN GENERATORS USING WATER REACTIONIssue Number: 1JULY 10, 2006Summary of TopicsThis is the first issue of the Outline of Investigation
2、for HydrogenGenerators Using Water Reaction, which covers water reaction-typegaseous hydrogen generators intended for indoor and outdoor,commercial, industrial and residential use, and not hydrogen generatorsintended for vehicular-based propulsion.The UL Foreword is no longer located within the UL O
3、utline of Investigation. Forinformation concerning the use and application of the requirements contained inthis Outline of Investigation, the current version of the UL Foreword is located onULStandardsInfoNet at: http:/ 2006 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FU
4、RTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULJULY 10, 2006SUBJECT 2264B2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .62 Glossary .63 Components 84 Units of Measurement .95 Unda
5、ted References 9CONSTRUCTION6 General 97 Fluid Containing Parts .97.1 Materials 97.2 Piping and joints 107.3 Pressure vessels 117.4 Storage tanks .117.5 Pressure-relief valves 127.6 Valves .137.7 Pumps and compressors .138 Protection for Flammable and Explosive Fluids Hazards 148.1 General 148.2 Alt
6、ernative methods of protection 148.3 Hydrogen gas detection 158.4 Venting systems 169 Discharges and Waste Materials .1610 Enclosures .1611 Guards and Protection Against Injury 1712 Components in Electrical Circuits .1712.1 General .1712.2 Internal wiring 1812.3 Motors 1812.4 Switches and motor cont
7、rollers .1912.5 Capacitors .1912.6 Transformers and power supplies 1913 Electrical Grounding and Bonding .1914 Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) 2015 Electrical Spacings 2016 Connections to the Source of Electrical Supply .2116.1 Permanently-connected products .2116.2 Cord-connected products 2217 Strain
8、-Relief and Bushings .2218 Control Circuits .2318.1 Safety controls .2318.2 Reliability of safety switches and controls .2318.3 Safety software reliability 2318.4 Solid-state safety circuit reliability 2418.5 Safety and reliability analysis (FMEA) .2418.6 Emergency stop 2419 Modes of Operation .25JU
9、LY 10, 2006 SUBJECT 2264B 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULPERFORMANCE20 General Conditions for Tests .2521 Pressure Strength Tests .2622 External Leakage .2622.1 Hazardous liquid containing portions external leakage test .2622
10、.2 Hazardous gas containing portions external leakage test 2623 Ventilation Test .2724 Flammable Gas Accumulation in Rooms (Indoor Use) .2725 Outdoor-Use Generators Rain Test .2926 Ratings Test .3026.1 Input test 3026.2 Output gas pressure and flow rate 3026.3 Hydrogen output .3027 Temperature Test
11、.3028 Grounding and Bonding of Electrical System .3329 Abnormal Operation .3330 Overfill Test 3331 Insulation Resistance Test .3332 Leakage Current 3433 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .3734 Strain-Relief (External Cords and Power Supply Cords) .3835 Impact Test (Metallic Enclosures) .3836 Continu
12、ity/Static Discharge Tests .4136.1 General .4136.2 Continuity test .4136.3 Test for accumulation of static electricity 4137 Vent Tests .4237.1 Vent system impact and torque 4237.2 Horizontal vent system loading test .4237.3 Horizontal vent system impact test .4337.4 Blocked vent test .44MARKINGS38 G
13、eneral 4439 Nameplate .4440 Cautionary Markings 45INSTRUCTIONS41 General 4642 Installation .4643 Operating Instructions .4744 Maintenance Instructions 48MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS45 Grounding and Bonding .4946 Dielectric Voltage-Withstand Test .4947 External Leakage System 5048 Hydrostatic W
14、ithstand of Pressure Vessels (other than ASME Code U pressure vessels orDOT certified cylinders) 50JULY 10, 2006SUBJECT 2264B4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULAPPENDIX AStandards for ComponentsA1JULY 10, 2006 SUBJECT 2264B 5UL C
15、OPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 This outline covers packaged, self-contained or factory matched packages of integrated gaseoushydrogen generating systems, herein after referred to as hydrogen generators.1.2 T
16、his outline covers water reaction-type gaseous hydrogen generators, for example, sodiumborohydride and sodium hydride.1.3 This outline applies to hydrogen generators intended for indoor and outdoor, commercial, industrialand residential use, but not to hydrogen generators intended for vehicular-base
17、d propulsion.1.4 These requirements do not cover hydrogen generators that can also be used to generate electricity.1.5 This outline does not apply to hydrogen generators rated above 600 V.2 Glossary2.1 For the purpose of this outline, the following definitions apply.2.2 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE AND PRESS
18、URE For testing purposes of this outline, ambienttemperature is 25C (77F) and ambient pressure is 1 atm.2.3 CLASSIFIED LOCATION Location where the concentration of flammable vapors, liquids or gasesare, or may be, present in quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitable mixtures.2.4 HYDRID
19、E A chemical compound containing hydrogen and another element.2.5 HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT Deleterious changes in the physical properties of metalsproduced by contact with hydrogen.2.6 LOWER EXPLOSION LIMIT (LEL) The lowest volume percentage of gas in air that will explode.Note: The range of volume ra
20、tio of hydrogen in air that will form a flammable atmosphere is moreextensive then the range that will form an explosive atmosphere. The flammability limits are used in thisoutline to provide the maximum protective measures.2.7 LOWER FLAMMABILITY LIMIT (LFL) The lowest volume percentage of gas in ai
21、r that will ignite.Note: The range of volume ratio of hydrogen in air that will form a flammable atmosphere (4 - 75 volume%) is more extensive then the range that will form an explosive atmosphere (18.3 - 59 volume %).Therefore the flammability limits are used in this outline to provide the maximum
22、protective measures.2.8 MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURE (MAWP) The maximum gauge pressure thateach portion of the system can reach during abnormal operation and the fully open operating pressureof the safety pressure relief devices.2.9 MAXIMUM OPERATING PRESSURE (MOP) The maximum pressure develop
23、ed in a part undernormal operating conditions. This value is typically controlled by limit controls, such as pressureswitches, and is set to a maximum value of 10% less than the start-to-discharge pressure of thepressure-relief device for that part.JULY 10, 2006SUBJECT 2264B6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
24、NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL2.10 NORMAL CONDITIONS Temperature of 20C (68F) and a pressure of 14.69 psi (101.325 kPa)is considered normal conditions.2.11 PORTABLE Not secured in place or physically attached and able to be moved about.2.12 PRIMARY
25、SAFETY CONTROL A control whose failure would affect the safety of the hydrogengenerator system as determined by the safety analysis.2.13 PURGING The passage of sufficient volume of protective gas through a pressurized enclosureand its ducts, vessels or piping, or any other pressure components to red
26、uce ignitable gas mixtures to aconcentration below the lower flammability limit (LFL).2.14 RATED WORKING PRESSURE The working pressure rating on an ASME Code vesselsnameplate. This value has an additional safety factor over the maximum allowable working pressure(MAWP).2.15 RESIDENTIAL An occupancy t
27、hat provides sleeping accommodations for purposes other thanhealth care or detention and correctional.2.16 ZONE SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION The means for classifying areas within the fuel cellpower system in accordance with Article 505 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI/NFPA 70, and themethods outli
28、ned in Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres Part-10: Classification ofHazardous Areas, IEC 60079-10. The potential zones of this system are: Class I, Zone0Alocation in which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vaporsare present for long periods of time. Class I, Zone1Alocati
29、on:a) In which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are likely to existunder normal operating conditions; orb) In which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors may exist frequentlybecause of repair or maintenance operations or because of leakage; orc) In which equipmen
30、t is operated or processes are carried on of such a nature thatequipment breakdown or fault operations could result in the release of ignitableconcentrations of flammable gases or vapors and also cause simultaneous failure ofelectrical equipment in a mode to cause the electrical equipment to become
31、a source ofignition; ord) That is adjacent to a Class I, Zone 0 location from which ignitable concentrations ofvapors could be communicated, unless communication is prevented by adequatepositive pressure ventilation from a source of clean air and effective safeguards againstventilation failure are p
32、rovided. Class I, Zone2Alocation:a) In which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors are not likely tooccur in normal operation and if they do occur, will exist only for a short period; orJULY 10, 2006 SUBJECT 2264B 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDIS
33、TRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULb) In which volatile flammable liquids, flammable gases or flammable vapors arehandled, processed, or used, but in which the liquids, gases or vapors normally areconfined within closed containers of closed systems from which then can escape onlyas a result of acci
34、dental rupture or breakdown of the containers or system or as a resultof abnormal operation of the equipment with which the liquids or gases are handled,processed, or used; orc) In which ignitable concentrations of flammable gases or vapors normally areprevented by positive mechanical ventilation, b
35、ut which may become hazardous asresult of failure or abnormal operation of the ventilation equipment; ord) That is adjacent to a Class I, Zone 1 location from which ignitable concentrations offlammable gases or vapors could be communicated, unless such communication isprevented by adequate positive-
36、pressure ventilation from a source of clean air andeffective safeguards against ventilation failure are provided.3 Components3.1 Except as indicated in 3.2, a component of a product covered by this outline shall comply with therequirements for that component. See Appendix A for a list of standards c
37、overing components used in theproducts covered by this outline.3.2 A component is not required to comply with a specific requirement that:a) Involves a feature or characteristic not required in the application of the component in theproduct covered by this outline, orb) Is superseded by a requiremen
38、t in this outline.3.3 A component shall be used in accordance with its rating established for the intended conditions ofuse.3.4 Specific components are incomplete in construction features or restricted in performance capabilities.Such components are intended for use only under limited conditions, su
39、ch as certain temperatures notexceeding specified limits, and shall be used only under those specific conditions.JULY 10, 2006SUBJECT 2264B8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL4 Units of Measurement4.1 Values stated without parenth
40、eses are the requirement. Values in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.5 Undated References5.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline shall beinterpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.CONSTRUCTION6 Ge
41、neral6.1 A hydrogen generator shall employ materials found by investigation to be acceptable for the intendedapplication.7 Fluid Containing Parts7.1 Materials7.1.1 Fluid containing parts shall be suitable for the application.7.1.2 A part employed to contain flammable and hazardous fluids shall be re
42、sistant to the action of thefluid being handled.7.1.3 Metallic parts containing hydrogen gas shall be resistant to hydrogen embrittlement as outlined inBasic Considerations for the Safety of Hydrogen Systems, ISO 15916, and the NASA Safety Standard forHydrogen and Hydrogen Systems, NSS 1740.16. If e
43、mploying a material other than as outlined in ISO15916 and NSS 1740.16, an evaluation for susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement will need to beconducted in accordance with the Standard Test Method for Determination of Susceptibility of Metals toEmbrittlement in Hydrogen Containing Environments at
44、 High Pressure, High Temperature, or Both, ASTMG 142, or the Standard Test Method for Determination of the Susceptibility of Metallic Materials toGaseous Hydrogen Embrittlement, ASTM F 1459. Results of testing done in accordance with ASTM G142 shall be at least one. Ratios below one indicate a susce
45、ptibility to hydrogen embrittlement with thetest method outlined in ASTM G 142. Ratios above two indicate a susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlementwith the test method outlined in ASTM F 1459.7.1.4 When corrosion of a metallic part containing liquid interferes with its intended function or permitse
46、xternal leakage of a the liquid and a potential hazard, the part shall be made of corrosion-resistantmaterial or be provided with a corrosion-resistant protective coating in accordance with the corrosionresistance requirements in the Standard for Enclosures for Electrical Equipment, UL 50.7.1.5 An e
47、lastomeric part, relied upon for safety such as a seal for fluids which could create a hazardwhen leaked (for example, a gasket between electrical and wetted parts), shall be suitable for theapplication as determined by the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.JULY 10, 2006 SUBJECT 2264B 9UL COPYR
48、IGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL7.1.6 Thermoplastic parts in contact with fluids, whose deterioration would create a hazard, shall besubjected to the deformation test after immersion in accordance with the Standard for Power-OperatedPu
49、mps for Petroleum Dispensing Products, UL 79.7.1.7 An elastomeric part employed as a seal for hydrogen, shall be suitable for that application as notedin Annex C of Basic Considerations for the Safety of Hydrogen Systems, ISO 15916, or the NASA SafetyStandard for Hydrogen and Hydrogen Systems, NSS 1740.16. The material shall be evaluated for tensilestrength and elongation as received and after oven aging (based upon service temperatures) inaccordance with the Standard for Gaskets and
