1、UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMay 29, 20141UL 2581AOutline of Investigation for Expansion Chambers for Water Based FireProtection SystemsIssue Number: 1May 29, 2014Summary of TopicsThis is the first issue of the Outline of In
2、vestigation for ExpansionChambers for Water Based Fire Protection Systems, UL 2851ACOPYRIGHT 2014 UNDERWRITERS LABORATORIES INC.UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULMAY 29, 2014UL 2581A2No Text on This PageUL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NO
3、T AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULCONTENTSINTRODUCTION1 Scope .42 Units of Measurement .43 Undated References 44 Glossary .4CONSTRUCTION5 Pressure Vessels .46 Rated Pressure .57 Materials .57.1 Elastomeric parts .57.2 Metallic materials .57.3 Coatings for
4、 ferrous vessels .57.4 Flanges .5PERFORMANCE8 Leakage Test .59 Hydrostatic Strength Test 610 Elastomeric Parts 610.1 Non-reinforced bladder material .610.2 Reinforced bladder parts .711 One Year Leakage Test 712 Cycling Test .813 Tests on Organic Coating Materials 813.1 General 813.2 Air oven exposu
5、re .813.3 Water immersion 913.4 Sodium chloride immersion .913.5 Potassium biphthalate immersion .1013.6 Sodium carbonate immersion 1014 Impact Tests .10MANUFACTURING AND PRODUCTION TESTS15 General 11MARKING16 General 11INSTRUCTIONS17 Installation and Design Instructions (Owners Manual) .11MAY 29, 2
6、014 UL 2581A 3UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULINTRODUCTION1 Scope1.1 These requirements cover expansion chambers used in water based fire protection systems.1.2 The expansion chambers covered by these requirements are intended
7、to absorb a volume of wateror antifreeze solution caused by the effects of thermal expansion of the water or antifreeze solution in aportion of a fire protection system equipped with a backflow prevention device and not equipped with apressure relief device as described in the Standard for Installat
8、ion of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA 13. Theyare intended to be sized to accommodate the anticipated volume of water or solution and pressurized inaccordance with the manufacturers Installation and Design instructions.2 Units of Measurement2.1 Values stated without parentheses are the requirement. Values
9、in parentheses are explanatory orapproximate information.3 Undated References3.1 Any undated reference to a code or standard appearing in the requirements of this outline ofinvestigation shall be interpreted as referring to the latest edition of that code or standard.4 Glossary4.1 For the purpose of
10、 this outline of investigation, the following definitions apply.4.2 CORROSION-RESISTANT MATERIAL A material having resistance to corrosion equivalent to orexceeding that of a brass or bronze alloy, or series 300 stainless steel.4.3 RATED PRESSURE The maximum anticipated static pressure that the expa
11、nsion chamber isdesigned to operate.CONSTRUCTION5 Pressure Vessels5.1 The pressure vessel portion of the expansion chamber shall be designed and constructed inaccordance with the section Pressure Vessels in ASME International Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.5.2 The water inlet strainer to the expans
12、ion chamber shall be fabricated from corrosion resistant materialor coated in accordance with 7.3.MAY 29, 2014UL 2581A4UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL6 Rated Pressure6.1 Expansion chambers shall be constructed for a minimum ra
13、ted pressure of 175 psig (12 Bar).7 Materials7.1 Elastomeric parts7.1.1 A rubber part or synthetic elastomers of such type used in an expansion chamber assembly is tobe judged on the basis of tensile strength, elongation, and resistance to aging and cycling in accordancewith Elastomeric Parts, Secti
14、on 10 and the Cycling Test, Section 12.7.2 Metallic materials7.2.1 Expansion chamber bodies fabricated from copper alloys shall contain not more than 15 percentzinc.7.3 Coatings for ferrous vessels7.3.1 Expansion chamber bodies fabricated from ferrous materials that are in contact with water orantif
15、reeze solution shall be protected by hot-dip galvanizing in accordance with the Standard Specificationfor Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware, ASTM A153/A153M, or protected with organiccoatings that have been subjected to the Tests on Organic Coating Materials, Section 13.7.4 Flanges7.
16、4.1 Flanges shall be compatible with the rating of the expansion chamber and the flanges on thesprinkler system piping.PERFORMANCE8 Leakage Test8.1 Representative sizes (pipe connection sizes and volumes) of expansion chamber assemblies shallwithstand for one minute without leakage through the body,
17、 bladder, or connections, a hydrostaticpressure of two times the rated pressure.8.2 The pressure retaining parts, including the body, bladder, flanges, connections and valves, of anexpansion chamber shall be subjected to the hydrostatic pressure of two times the rated pressure. Thepneumatic pressure
18、 in the elastomeric diaphragm shall be pressurized to the pressure recommended bythe manufacturer prior to applying the hydraulic test pressure.MAY 29, 2014 UL 2581A 5UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL9 Hydrostatic Strength Test9
19、.1 Representative sizes (pipe connection sizes and volumes) of expansion chamber assemblies shallwithstand for five minutes without rupture, a hydrostatic pressure of four times the rated pressure.9.2 The pressure retaining parts of an expansion chamber shall be subjected to the hydrostatic pressure
20、.The pneumatic pressure in the elastomeric diaphragm shall be permitted to be relieved or bladderremoved before exposure to the pest pressure.10 Elastomeric Parts10.1 Non-reinforced bladder material10.1.1 A non-reinforced elastomeric part used as a bladder material or to provide a seal shall have th
21、efollowing properties when tested as specified in the Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157.a) For silicone rubber (having poly-organo-siloxane as its constituent characteristic), a minimumtensile strength of 500 psi (3.4 MPa) and a minimum ultimate elongation of 100 percent.b) For natural rubber a
22、nd synthetic rubber other than silicone rubber, a minimum tensilestrength of 1500 psi (10.3 MPa) and minimum ultimate elongation of 150 percent; or a minimumtensile strength of 2200 psi (15.2 MPa) and a minimum ultimate elongation of 100 percent.c) Those properties relating to maximum tensile set; m
23、inimum tensile strength and elongationafter oven aging, and hardness after oven aging, all as specified in UL 157. The maximumservice temperature used to determine the oven time and temperature for oven aging shall be140F (60C).d) For expansion chambers intended for use with antifreeze solutions wit
24、h elastomeric internalparts that contact antifreeze solutions, sample elastomeric parts shall be exposed to theantifreeze solution having a concentration to prevent freezing at minus 40F (minus 40C). Thesamples shall be exposed to this solution for 60 days at 158 2F (70 1C) and subjected to(a) and (
25、b) above and the Cycling Test, Section 12.10.1.2 The Standard for Gaskets and Seals, UL 157, provides for the testing of either finished elastomericparts or sheet or slab material. Sheet or slab material is to be tested when the elastomeric parts areO-rings having diameters of less then 1 inch (25.4
26、 mm). The material tested is to be the same as that usedin the product, regardless of whether finished elastomeric parts or sheet or slab material is tested.MAY 29, 2014UL 2581A6UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL10.2 Reinforced b
27、ladder parts10.2.1 A reinforced elastomeric diaphragm or bladder material shall:a) Be capable of being flexed by hand when held by the thumbs and forefingers and withouttools.b) Have a hydrostatic resistance not less than 85 percent of the original as received valuewhen tested in accordance with 10.
28、2.2 and under conditions specified in item (c) below, andc) Show no signs of deterioration that could affect performance when subjected for 60 days to:1) Air at 158 2F (70 1C), and2) For material intended to be in contact with antifreeze solutions, it shall be immersedin a solution having a concentr
29、ation to prevent freezing at minus 40C (minus 40F).The samples shall be exposed to this solution for 60 days at 158 2F (70 1C) andsubjected to (a) and (b) above and the Cycling Test, Section 12.10.2.2 Sample diaphragm material shall be placed between two circular 3-inch diameter metal clamps.The cen
30、ter of the clamps shall have a 1-3/16 inch diameter hole where the pressure is applied to one sideof the material. The sample is pressurized with water, removing all air. The pressure is then increased ata uniform rate not exceeding 2.8 psi/s (19 kPa/s) until the water leaks through the sample or th
31、e materialruptures. The hydrostatic resistance shall be determined by observing the maximum pressure attainedbefore leakage or rupture of the diaphragm material.11 One Year Leakage Test11.1 Three samples of a representative size expansion chamber shall be subjected to a leakage test forone year with
32、out signs of leakage.11.2 The expansion chamber shall be pressurized to the recommended pneumatic pressure. Theassembly is then to be filled with water and pressurized with nitrogen to 175 psig (12 Bar).11.3 The pneumatic pressure inlet shall be connected to a calibrated pressure gauge, and the asse
33、mblyshall be conditioned for 24 hours to allow the pressure to stabilize at a temperature of 70 5F (21 3C).The assembly shall be stored for one year during which the pressure in the assembly is to be observedafter one, three, six, and twelve months. There shall be no leakage as indicated by a reduct
34、ion in thepressure of not more than 2 psig (14 kPa).MAY 29, 2014 UL 2581A 7UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM UL12 Cycling Test12.1 A representative expansion chamber shall withstand the effects of variable pressure for 3000 cyclesw
35、ithout leakage, tears, or breaches to the device.12.2 If the expansion chamber is intended for use with antifreeze solutions and the device is equippedwith a bladder, then the bladder, exposed for 60 days to the antifreeze solution as described inElastomeric Parts, Section 10, shall be installed in
36、the expansion chamber and subjected to the test in12.1.12.3 The expansion chamber shall be pressurized to the recommended pre-charge pneumatic pressure.The assembly is then to be filled with water and pressurized from zero to twice the rated pressure for 3000cycles. The cycling rate shall be 1 to 60
37、 cycles per minute for sizes through 20 gallons (76 liters) and notless than 1 cycle per 2 minutes for sizes larger than 20 gallons. The cycling flow rate shall not be lessthan the flow rate of 5 gallons per minute (38 liters per minute) multiplied by the capacity in gallons.12.4 If the device is eq
38、uipped with a bladder, it shall be removed and examined for tears or breaches atthe conclusion of 3000 cycles.13 Tests on Organic Coating Materials13.1 General13.1.1 Organic coating material used to protect ferrous bodies shall show no signs of disbondment orblistering when tested as specified in 13
39、.2 13.6 and the Impact Tests, Section 14.1 and shall show noevidence of base metal corrosion outside the scribed area when tested as specified in 13.5, and shallshow no signs of cracking when tested as specified in 14. For these purposes, cracking does not includesurface crazing.13.2 Air oven exposu
40、re13.2.1 Four sample specimens of combined coating material/base material, each measuring 4 by 4inches (102 by 102 mm), are to be used for this test. The thickness of the coating material and basematerial are to be representative of the thickness used in the expansion chamber construction. Thespecim
41、ens are to be prepared in a manner that duplicates the expansion chamber construction (surfaceroughness, application procedure, and curing time).13.2.2 The specimens are to be subjected to air-oven aging at 212 2F (100 1C), or at thetemperature determined in 13.2.4, as appropriate, for 180 days.13.2
42、.3 Following the exposure, the test specimens are to be visually examined for any evidence ofdisbondment or blistering of the coating.13.2.4 If a coating material does not withstand the temperature specified in 13.2.2 without excessivedeterioration, an air-oven aging test at a lower temperature for
43、a longer period of time is to be applied. Ifa coating material is capable of withstanding a higher temperature than that specified in 13.2.2 withoutMAY 29, 2014UL 2581A8UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION FROM ULexcessive deterioration, a
44、n air-oven aging test at a higher temperature for a shorter period of time, but notless than 30 days, is to be applied. The duration of exposure is to be calculated from the followingequation:D = (184,000)e0.0693tin which:D is the test duration in dayst is the time in days13.3 Water immersion13.3.1
45、Four sample specimens of combined coating material/base material, each measuring 4 by 4inches (102 by 102 mm), are to be used for this test. The thickness of the coating material and basematerial are to be representative of the thickness used in the expansion chamber construction. Thespecimens are t
46、o be prepared in a manner that duplicates the expansion chamber construction (surfaceroughness, application procedure, and curing time).13.3.2 On each specimen a X is to be scribed with a sharp instrument through the coating material tothe base material surface. The scribed test specimens then are t
47、o be immersed in distilled water at atemperature of 158 2F (70 1C) for 90 days.13.3.3 Following the exposure, the test specimens are to be visually examined for any evidence ofdisbondment or blistering of the coating or any corrosion of base metal outside of the scribed areas.13.4 Sodium chloride im
48、mersion13.4.1 Four sample specimens of combined coating material/base material, each measuring 4 by 4inches (102 by 102 mm), are to be used for this test. The thickness of the coating material and basematerial are to be equivalent to the thickness used in the expansion chamber construction. The spec
49、imensare to be prepared in a manner that represents expansion chamber construction (surface roughness,application procedure, and curing time).13.4.2 The test specimens are to be immersed in sodium chloride solution (2 percent by weight) at atemperature of 158 2F (70 1C) for 90 days.13.4.3 Following the exposure, the test specimens are to be visually examined for any evidence ofdisbondment or blistering of the coating.MAY 29, 2014 UL 2581A 9UL COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL NOT AUTHORIZED FOR FURTHER REPRODUCTION ORDISTRIBUTION WITHOUT PERMISSION
