1、10-06M 31 20 00 - 1 SECTION 31 20 00 EARTH MOVING SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete between / - / if not applicable to project. Also delete any other item or paragraph not applicable in the section and renumber the paragraphs. Modify, add or delete items in Article, DESCRIPTION OF WORK as necessary to corres
2、pond with detailed paragraphs in Part 3. Add items if required to describe unusual conditions. Provide subparagraph item under the main headings that relate to the specific work activities to be performed for the specific site. PART 1 - GENERAL 1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK: A. This section specifies the
3、requirements for furnishing all equipment, materials, labor, tools, and techniques for earthwork including, but not limited to, the following: 1. Site preparation. 2. Excavation. 3. Underpinning. 4. Filling and backfilling. 5. Grading. 6. Soil Disposal. 7. Clean Up. 1.2 DEFINITIONS: A. Unsuitable Ma
4、terials: 1. Fills: Topsoil; frozen materials; construction materials and materials subject to decomposition; clods of clay and stones larger than 75 mm (3 inches); organic material, including silts, which are unstable; and inorganic materials, including silts, too wet to be stable and any material w
5、ith a liquid limit and plasticity index exceeding 40 and 15 respectively. Unsatisfactory soils also include satisfactory soils not maintained within 2 percent of optimum moisture content at time of compaction, as defined by ASTM / D 698 / D 1557 / / AASHTO / T 99 / T 180. 2. Existing Subgrade (Excep
6、t Footing Subgrade): Same materials as 1.2.A.1, that are not capable of direct support of slabs, pavement, and similar items with possible exception of improvement by compaction, proofrolling, or similar methods. 3. Existing Subgrade (Footings Only): Same as paragraph 1, but no fill or backfill. If
7、materials differ from / reference borings and / Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 2 design requirements, excavate to acceptable strata subject to Resident Engineers approval. B. Building Earthwork: Earthwork operations
8、 required in area enclosed by a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter. It also includes earthwork required for auxiliary structures and buildings. C. Trench Earthwork: Trenchwork required for utility lines. D. Site Earthwork: Earthwork operations required in area outs
9、ide of a line located 1500 mm (5 feet) outside of principal building perimeter and within new construction area with exceptions noted above. E. Degree of compaction: Degree of compaction is expressed as a percentage of maximum density obtained by laboratory test procedure. This percentage of maximum
10、 density is obtained through use of data provided from results of field test procedures presented in ASTM D1556, ASTM D2167, and ASTM D2922. F. Fill: Satisfactory soil materials used to raise existing grades. In the Construction Documents, the term “fill” means fill or backfill as appropriate. G. Ba
11、ckfill: Soil materials or controlled low strength material used to fill an excavation. H. Unauthorized excavation: Removal of materials beyond indicated sub-grade elevations or indicated lines and dimensions without written authorization by the Resident Engineer. No payment will be made for unauthor
12、ized excavation or remedial work required to correct unauthorized excavation. I. Authorized additional excavation: Removal of additional material authorized by the Resident Engineer based on the determination by the Governments soils testing agency that unsuitable bearing materials are encountered a
13、t required sub-grade elevations. Removal of unsuitable material and its replacement as directed will be paid on basis of Conditions of the Contract relative to changes in work. J. Subgrade: The undisturbed earth or the compacted soil layer immediately below granular sub-base, drainage fill, or topso
14、il materials. K. Structure: Buildings, foundations, slabs, tanks, curbs, mechanical and electrical appurtenances, or other man-made stationary features constructed above or below the ground surface. L. Borrow: Satisfactory soil imported from off-site for use as fill or backfill. M. Drainage course:
15、Layer supporting slab-on-grade used to minimize capillary flow of pore water. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 3 N. Bedding course: Layer placed over the excavated sub-grade in a trench before laying pipe. Bedding cou
16、rse shall extend up to the springline of the pipe. O. Sub-base Course: Layer placed between the sub-grade and base course for asphalt paving or layer placed between the sub-grade and a concrete pavement or walk. P. Utilities include on-site underground pipes, conduits, ducts, and cables as well as u
17、nderground services within buildings. Q. Debris: Debris includes all materials located within the designated work area not covered in the other definitions and shall include but not be limited to items like vehicles, equipment, appliances, building materials or remains thereof, tires, any solid or l
18、iquid chemicals or products stored or found in containers or spilled on the ground. R. Contaminated soils: Soil that contains contaminates as defined and determined by the Resident Engineer or the Governments testing agency. 1.3 RELATED WORK: A. Materials testing and inspection during construction:
19、Section 01 45 29, TESTING LABORATORY SERVICES. B. Safety requirements / and blasting operations /: Section 00 72 00, GENERAL CONDITIONS, Article, ACCIDENT PREVENTION. C. Protection of existing utilities, fire protection services, existing equipment, roads, and pavements: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL RE
20、QUIREMENTS. D. Subsurface Investigation: Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS, Article, PHYSICAL DATA. /E. Erosion Control: Section 01 57 19, TEMPORARY ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS, and Section 32 90 00, PLANTING. / /F. Site preparation: Section 31 23 19, DEWATERING, and Section 02 41 00, DEMOLITION. /
21、/G. Foundation system requirements: Section 31 62 00, DRIVEN PILES, Section 31 63 16, AUGER CAST GROUT PILES, Section 31 63 26, DRILLED CAISSONS, Section 31 23 23.33, FLOWABLE FILL. / /H. Paving sub-grade requirements: Section 32 12 16, ASPHALT PAVING./ 1.4 CLASSIFICATION OF EXCAVATION: A. Unclassif
22、ied Excavation: Removal and disposal of pavements and other man-made obstructions visible on surface; utilities, and other items including underground structures indicated to be demolished and removed; together with any type of materials regardless of character of material and obstructions encounter
23、ed. SPEC WRITER NOTE: Retain either Unclassified Excavation above or Classified Excavation below. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 4 B. Classified Excavation: Removal and disposal of all material except that material
24、not defined as Rock. C. Rock Excavation: SPEC WRITER NOTE: The requirements for track mounted power excavators may vary. Discuss with soils consultant and modify as necessary. 1. Trenches and Pits: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material with firmly cemented, lam
25、inated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be excavated with a late-model, track-mounted hydraulic excavator; equipped with a 1050 mm (42 inch) wide, short-tip-radius rock bucket; rated at not less than 103 kW (138 hp) flywheel power with bucket-curling force of not less than 12
26、5 kN (28,090 lbf) and stick-crowd force of not less than 84.5 kN (19,000 lbf); measured according to SAE J-1179. Trenches in excess of 3000 mm (10 feet) wide and pits in excess of 9000 mm (30 feet) in either length or width are classified as open excavation. SPEC WRITER NOTE: The requirements for tr
27、ack mounted power excavators may vary. Discuss with soils consultant and modify as necessary. 2. Open Excavation: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be dislodged and excavate
28、d with a late-model, track-mounted loader; rated at not less than 157 kW (210 hp) flywheel power and developing a minimum of 216 kN (48,510 lbf) breakout force; measured according to SAE J-732. 3. Other types of materials classified as rock are unstratified masses, conglomerated deposits and boulder
29、s of rock material exceeding 0.76 m3 (1 cubic yard) for open excavation, or 0.57 m3 (3/4 cubic yard) for footing and trench excavation that cannot be removed by rock excavating equipment equivalent to the above in size and performance ratings, without systematic drilling, ram hammering, ripping, or
30、blasting, when permitted. 4. Blasting: Removal and disposal of solid, homogenous, interlocking crystalline material firmly cemented, laminated, or foliated masses or conglomerate deposits that cannot be removed with conventional methods may/may not/ be performed by blasting. SPEC WRITER NOTE: The re
31、quirements for blasting, if allowed shall be listed under a separate specification section. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 5 5. Definitions of rock and guidelines for equipment are presented for general information
32、purposes only. The Contractor is expected to use the information presented in the Geotechnical Engineering Report to evaluate the extent and competency of the rock and to determine both quantity estimations and removal equipment and efforts. 1.5 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT FOR ROCK EXCAVATION: SPEC WRIT
33、ER NOTE: This section only applies when using Classified Excavation A. Measurement: Cross section and measure uncovered and separated materials, and compute quantities by Registered Professional Land Surveyor or Registered Civil Engineer, specified in Section 01 00 00, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Do not m
34、easure quantities beyond the following limits: 1. 600 mm (24 inches) from outside face of concrete work for which forms are required, except for footings. 2. 300 mm (12 inches) from outside of perimeter of formed footings. 3. 150 mm (6 inches) below bottom of pipe and not more than pipe diameter plu
35、s 600 mm (24 inches) in width for pipe trenches. 4. From outside dimensions of concrete work for which no forms are required (trenches, conduits, and similar items not requiring forms). /B. Payment: No separate payment shall be made for rock excavation quantities shown. Contract price and time will
36、be adjusted for overruns or underruns in accordance with Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable./ /C. Payment for Differing Site Conditions: When rock excavation, as classified, is encountered, contract price and time will be adjus
37、ted in accordance with Articles, DIFFERING SITE CONDITIONS, CHANGES and CHANGES-SUPPLEMENT of the GENERAL CONDITIONS as applicable. / 1.6 SUBMITTALS: A. Submit in accordance with Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES. B. Rock Excavation Report: 1. Certification of rock quantitie
38、s excavated. 2. Excavation method. 3. Labor. 4. Equipment. 5. Land Surveyors or Civil Engineers name and official registration stamp. 6. Plot plan showing elevation. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 6 /7. Blasting Pla
39、n: The blasting plan requirements are to be determined by a Contractor experienced in this type of work. The blasting contractor shall prepare and submit a comprehensive blasting plan that addresses the unique parameters for each phase of the plan including (1) preblast survey, (2) preblast meeting,
40、 (3) test blast, (4) typical controlled blasts showing perimeter control methods, and (5) changes in the approved blasting plan, 21 days prior to planned blasting operations. All required local, state, and federal approvals should be obtained and forwarded to the engineer for review./ SPEC WRITER NO
41、TE: Use only when there is a VA retained testing laboratory. C. Furnish to Resident Engineer: 1. Contactor shall furnish resumes with all personnel involved in the project including Project Manager, Superintendent, and on-site Engineer. Project Manager and Superintendent should have at least 3 years
42、 of experience on projects of similar size. 2. Soil samples. a. Classification in accordance with ASTM D2487 for each on-site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, engineered fill, or structural fill. b. Laboratory compaction curve in accordance with ASTM / D 698 / D 1557 / / AASHTO /
43、 T 99 / T 180 for each on site or borrow soil material proposed for fill, backfill, engineered fill, or structural fill. c. Test reports for compliance with ASTM D 2940 requirements for subbase material. d. Pre-excavation photographs and videotape in the vicinity of the existing structures to docume
44、nt existing site features, including surfaces finishes, cracks, or other structural blemishes that might be misconstrued as damage caused by earthwork operations. e. The Contractor shall submit a scale plan daily that defines the location, limits, and depths of the area excavated. 1.7 APPLICABLE PUB
45、LICATIONS: A. Publications listed below form a part of this specification to extent referenced. Publications are referenced in text by basic designation only. B. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO): T99-01(2004). Moisture-Density Relations of Soils Using a 2.5
46、 kg (5.5 lb) Rammer and a 305 mm (12 inch) Drop Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-10-06M 31 20 00 - 7 T180-01(2004) Moisture-Density Relations of Soils using a 4.54 kg (10 lb) Rammer and a 457 mm (18 inch) Drop C. American Society for T
47、esting and Materials (ASTM): D448-03a. Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction D698-00ae1. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Standard Effort (12,400 ft. lbf/ft3 (600 kN m/m3) D1556-00. Standard Test Method for Densit
48、y and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone Method D1557-02e1. Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000 ft-lbf/ft3 (2700 kN m/m3) D2167-94 (2001) Standard Test Method for Density and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Ballo
49、on Method D2487-06. Standard Classification of Soil for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) D2922-05. Standard Test Methods for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods (Shallow Depth) D2940-03. Standard Specifications for Graded Aggregate Material for Bases or Subbases for Highways or Airports D. Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): J
