1、12019 中考英语：定语从句系统讲与练一定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面.二、定语从句的关系词关系词常有 3 个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括 that， which， who（宾格 whom，所有 格 whose）等; 关系副词包括 where， when， why 等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可
2、分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：I was the only person in my office who was invited.2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导
3、这种非限制性定语从句，如： Michael Jaskon， who is the greatest singer in the world， passed away in 2010.如： Mary lived in the city of Hongkong， where used to be a small poor countryside.四、关系代词的用法1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle. （ 语） 玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。 The co
4、at （that）I put on the desk is blue. （ 语） 我放在桌子上的那件外套2是蓝色的。2.which 用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket. （ 语） 位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. （ 语） 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。3.who， whom 用于指人，who 用作主语，whom 在定语从句中充当宾
5、语，常可省略。在口语中，有时可用 who 代替 whom， 也可省略。例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England. （ 语）经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？ 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.4. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语. 可译为“的”例如： He has a friend whose fath
6、er is a doctor. I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替例如 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.= The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?=Do you like the book the color of which is ye
7、llow? 注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who， that， which 可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。Do you know the girl with whom your teacher is talking.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：This is the person whom you are looking for. 这
8、就是你要找的那个人。（3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。3例如：The city that/which she lives in is very far away. 她居住的城市非常远。（4）指物时关系词只能用 that 的情况：a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为 all， any， much， many， everythin
9、g, anything， none， the one 等不定代词时， 只能用 that，而不用 which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被 the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时， 只能用 that，而不用 which.例如： This is the same bike that I lost. 这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that， 而不用 which.例如：I
10、can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以 who 或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用 that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用 which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。g.关系代词作表语时一
11、般不用 who,而用 that。如:He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中 that 是 was 的表语)（5）关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为 that， those 时，用 which， 而不用 that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用 that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间c.引导非限制性定语从句，用 which， 而
12、不用 that. 例如：Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法（1）when 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如： This was the time 4when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where 指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：This is the place where he works.这是他工作的地点。This is the house where (in which) he lives.（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：N
13、obody knows the reason why he is often late for school.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律关系代词 whom 或 which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词 whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book.玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。Is this t
14、he room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? =Is this the room where he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives. 这是他住的房间。I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。2. when= on/
15、in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was kil
16、led. 这是他被杀害的原因。但下列情况下介词不能提前:5用 who 代替 whom,用 that 代替 which 时,介词不能提前。例:Hes the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。当 whom、which 省去时介词不能提前。例:Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。
17、当 whom, which 作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例:Youre the very man whom Im looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。热身训练一.单项填空。1. -Do you know the man _is talking with your father？-Yes， hes our headmaster. A. he B. who C. which D. whom2. Is this the river _I can swim？ A. which B. in which C. that D. the one3. This is t
18、he best hotel in the city _I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it4. Can you lend me the dictionary _the other day？A. that you bought B. you bought C. that you bought it D. which you bought it5. Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands.A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree6.
19、 My watch is not the only thing _ is missing.A. that B. it C. which who7. The man _coat is black is waiting at the gateA. whos B. whose C. that D of which.8. The girl _ is reading under the tree _my sister.A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was9. I love places _the people are really friend
20、ly.A. that B. which C. where D. who610. The world _ is made up of matter.A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live in D. we live in二. 用适当的关系代词 that， which， who， whom 填空。1. The first thing _you must do is to have a meal.2. April 1st is the day _is called April Fools Day in the west.3. T
21、he family _had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.4. The house _we live in is very old.5. Didnt you see the man _I talked with just now？初中英语定语从句练习题（一）一.选择填空1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory _ you v
22、isited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory _ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldn
23、t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature _ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you _ can be used in other contexts A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed
24、 D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 79. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree,_ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on
25、 which 11. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, _ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. w
26、ho D. that 14. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone _ this opinion may speak out. A. that again
27、st B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didnt you see the man _? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D.
28、 you talked about 19. Is there anything _ to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs 20. - “How do you like the book?” - “Its quite different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what 21. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils exce
29、pt _ who had lready taken them. 8A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others 22. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in that 23. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept. A. where B. in which C. under which D. which 24. Antarctic _ we know very litt
30、le is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which 25. Its the third time _ late this month. A. that you arrived B. when you arrived C. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived 26. It was in 1969 _the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A. that
31、 B. which C. when D. in which27. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which 28. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where 29. The hotel _ during
32、 our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed at C. we stayed D. in that we stayed 30. Is it in that factory _ “Red Flag” cars are produced? A. in which B. where C. which D. that 31. It is the Suez Canal _ separates Asia _ Africa. A. which, to B. where, from C. that, from D
33、. that, with 32. Under the bridge, however, almost directly below, _ was a small canoe, with a boy in it. A. there B. where C. it D. which 33. He is not _ a fool _. A. such, as he is looked B. such, as he looks C. as, as he is looked D. so, as he looks 934. Is that the reason _ you are in favour of
34、the proposal? A. which B. what C. why D. for that 35. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. what 36. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom 37. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.
35、 A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is 38. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom 39. - Do you know the town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 40. I dont like _ you speak to her. A. t
36、he way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which 41. The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which 42. The dinner was the most expensive meal we _. A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever ha
37、d 43. Do you know which hotel _? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in 44. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C . all D. which 45. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that 46. I have many book
38、s, some of _ are on chemistry. A. them B. that C. which D. those 47. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything 48. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for 10knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C.
39、 of which we think is D. I think which is of 49. The great day we looked forward to _ at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes50. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 初中英语定语从句练习题（二）用适当的关系词填空：1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house.2.
40、 Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week.3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there.4. I will never forget the days _I spent with your family.5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together.6. This is the school _I used to study. 7. Do you still remember
41、the place_ we visited last week?8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition?9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West Lake?10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake?11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers.12. I live in Beijing,_is th
42、e capital of China.13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA.14. It is the third time _you have made the same mistake.15. It was in the street _I met John yesterday.16. It was about 600 years ago_the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.17. The moment _I saw you, I recognized(认
43、出)you.18. This is the very novel about_weve talked so much.19. This is the way_he did it.1120. Who is the student _was late for school today?21. Who _knows him wants to make friends with him?22. What else was there in my brother_you didnt like?23. He lives in the room_window faces to the south.24. H
44、e lives in the room, the window_faces to the south.25. This is Mr. John for_son I brought a book yesterday.26. This is Mr. John for_I bought a book yesterday.27. This is the hour_the place is always full of women and children.28. And there is one point _Id like your advice.29. Winter is the time of
45、year_the days are short and nights are long.30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place_you may spend your weekend.初中英语定语从句练习题（三）（充分考虑先行词在从句中的句法作用） 1. A football fan(球迷) is _ has a strong interest in football. A. a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 2. The house, _ was d
46、estroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired. A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof 3. Can you lend me the novel _ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 4. The matter _ you were arguing about last night has been
47、 settled. A. that B. what C. why D. for which 5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. Who _ has common sense（常识） will do such a thing? A. which B. who C. whom D. that 7. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by the pigs. A. that B. those C. 12which D. what 8. They asked him to tell them everything _ he saw at the front. A. what B. that C. which D. where 9. Ill tell you _ he told me last night. A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all 10. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. who B. whos C. wh
