1、1第 30 课 主谓一致课堂突破概念 在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数上的一致关系，叫主谓一致。语法一致原则 句子的主语是单数形式，谓语动词要用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Australia is an extremely rich country. 澳大利亚是个非常富裕的国家。All the students except Lin Tao are planting trees on the hills. 除了林涛以外所有的学生都在小山上植树。意义一致原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数取决于主语所表达的内容在含义上是单数意义还是复数意义。如：The Chinese ar
2、e industrious. 中国人是勤劳的。使用原则邻近原则 谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其他词的数。另外，neither.nor,either.or, not only.but also.连接两个名词或代词作主语时，或由 there, here 引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的那个主语保持数上的一致。如：There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. 桌子上有一本词典和一些书。特殊的情况1. 表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度、数学运算等的词或词组作主语时，尽管它们是复数形式，但如果把这些
3、复数形式的词或词组看作是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式。如：Three weeks is a short time. 三个星期是很短的一段时间。2. 动词不定式、动名词、从句或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。3. 由 and 连接两个单词作主语时，要看其表示的意义来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数形式，如果表示的是一个整体的概念或指的是同一事物，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示的是两个不同的对象时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和教师走来了。 （作家和教师是两个人
4、） 2The poet and teacher is one of my friends. 那位诗人兼教师是我的一位朋友。 （诗人和教师指的是同一个人）4. 集合（体）名词 people, police 一般看作复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式。另外一些集合（体）名词，如 family, enemy, class, army 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式，要根据这些词在句中的实际含义而定。当它们表示的是整体意义时，谓语动词用单数形式；当它们强调或着重指个体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗？ My family i
5、s big. 我家很大。 My family are all at home. 我家人都在家。5. 名词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 等作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于该动词后面名词的数，动词后面的名词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；动词后面的名词为复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His is a new bike. 他的是新自行车。Ours are old bikes. 我们的是旧自行车。6. many a 意为“许多” ，但因其后面跟的是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Many a person has had that k
6、ind of experience. 许多人都有过那种经历。 7. none 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。如：None knows/know a great deal about this experiment. 没有一个人对这项实验知道得很多。None has/have been found. 一个也没找到。8. 注意 population 一类词：用作整体概念时，其谓语动词用单数形式；主语指“（人口）中的一部分”时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The population of China is 1.36 billion and 70% of the population are pea
7、sants. 中国有 13.6 亿人口，其中 70%的人口是农民。9. .percent of+不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；.percent of+可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：50 percent of the water is not very fresh. 50%的水是不新鲜的。50 percent of the students come from Shanghai. 50%的学生来自上海。10. every+单数名词+and+every+单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。3Every boy and every girl wants to go there.
8、每个男孩、女孩都想去那儿。当堂检测一、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. （2018嘉兴、舟山中考）We only talk to each other when the waiter_ （show） us the menu.2. Nobody but two boys_ （be） late for class yesterday.3. Either Eve or Herb_ （have） been invited by Lucys parents already.4. What_ （be） the number of the students in your school?About two t
9、housand. A number of them_ （be） from England.5. Everyone except Tom and John_ （have） seen the film.6. Swimming in the pool with friends_ （be） very interesting.二、用方框中所给词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。 （2018宁海中考模拟）seem next produce wide leaf Judy: China is famous for tea, right?Lin Tao: Yes, both in the past and now.
10、Judy: Where is tea 1_ in China?Lin Tao: In many different areas. For example, Anxi and Hangzhou are 2_ known for their tea.Judy: Well, can you tell me how to produce tea?Lin Tao: Sure. As far as I know, tea plants are grown on the sides of mountains. When the 3_ are ready, they are picked by hand an
11、d then are sent for producing.Judy: What happens 4_?Lin Tao: The tea is packed and sent to many different coun-tries and places around China.Judy: It 5_ that many people all over the world drink Chinese tea.Lin Tao: Yes, people say that tea is good for both health and business!三、任务型阅读。 （2017海宁中考模拟）4
12、下面是一名导游的导游词。请根据所给的简单平面图，将这段导游词补充完整。Welcome to our travel bus. Im glad to be your guide. Now lets begin our trip. Our bus starts at the bus station. Next to the station is a 1_. If you are in need, ask the police there for help. Our bus is running on 2_. Now turn your head to right. Can you see a big
13、 white house? Its the History Museum. And 3_ the museum is a small pool. Many people like swimming there. Now our bus is turning 4_ to Green Street. There is a big maple tree on the left. Its very old. OK, please turn your head to the right. Its the 5_. Across the theater is the square. Our bus will
14、 stop here for twenty minutes and there is a restroom for us to relax in. Now, please get off the bus.5参考答案当堂检测一、1. shows 2. was 3. has 4. is, are 5. has6. is 【解析】 “swimming in the pool with friends”是动名词短语，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。二、1. produced 2. widely 3. leaves 4. next 5. seems三、1. police station 2. King Road 3. behind 4. left 5. Peoples Theater
