七年级生物下册4.13.3人体免疫知识梳理(新版)北师大版.doc

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1人体免疫一、知识结构1、免疫分为特异性免疫和非特异性免疫。非特异性免疫对多数病原体 都起作用,而不是对某一特定的病原体起作用,是先天就有的,而且是可以遗传的。例如:皮肤和黏膜的屏障作用、白细胞的吞噬作用、唾液中的溶菌酶的杀菌作用等。特异性免疫只对诱发的特定抗原有特异性,是机体与外来侵害物接触之后才获得的后天性的不能遗传的免疫,当相同的抗原再次刺激人体免疫系统后,会在短时间内产生大量抗体进行人体免疫。2、抗原:能引起人体产生抗体的物质,如麻疹病毒、注射的各种疫苗、水痘病毒等。抗体:能与相应的抗原特异性的结合。3、免疫是人体内的一种防御功能,人体依靠这种功能识别“自己”和“非己”成分,从而破坏和排斥进入人体内的外来物质以及人体本身所产生的损伤细胞和肿瘤细胞等,以维护人体内部环境的平衡和稳定。

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