七年级生物下册4.9.1《血液》知识梳理(新版)北师大版.doc

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1、114.9.1 血液 知识梳理一、知识结构1、血浆主要功能是运载血细胞,运送营养物质和废物。血细胞可分为红细胞、白细胞、血小板。数量 功能 相关病症红细胞男:5.01012 个/L(血红蛋白120160g/L)女:4.21012 个/L(血红蛋白110150g/L)运输氧和部分二氧化碳 过少:贫血病白细胞(410)109 个/L吞噬病菌,防御、保护作用过多:炎症血小板(13)个1011 个/L 止血和加速凝血的作用过少:流血不止2、血红蛋白是一种含铁蛋白质,它的特性是:在氧含量高的地方易与氧结合,在氧含量低的地方易与氧分离3、贫血是指红细胞的数量少或血红蛋白的含量少,应多吃含铁和蛋白质丰富的食

2、物。4、动脉血:含氧量丰富,颜色鲜红。动脉:将血液从心脏输送到身体各部位的血管。静脉血:含氧量较少,颜色暗红。静脉:将血液从身体各部位送回心脏的血管。5、血浆:加抗凝剂,血细胞在下,血浆在上,淡黄色半透明液体,含纤维蛋白原。血清:不加抗凝剂,血液凝固后在血块的周围出现的黄色透明液体,不含纤维蛋白原。6、血液的功能:1)运输氧和二氧化碳、运输营养物质和废物的作用;2)防御保护作用;3)体温调节。7、ABO 型系统包括 A 型、B 型、AB 型、O 型四种血型。输血的原则是:输同型血。8、加了抗凝剂(柠檬酸钠)的血液会出现分层的现象。血液可分为血浆和血细胞。血浆中含量最多的成分是水(90%)。 22

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