(浙江专用)2020版高考数学大一轮复习课时153.4导数的综合应用教师备用题库.docx

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13.4 导数的综合应用教师专用真题精编(2018 课标全国,21,12 分)已知函数 f(x)=ex-ax2.(1)若 a=1,证明:当 x0 时, f(x)1;(2)若 f(x)在(0,+)只有一个零点,求 a.解析 (1)当 a=1 时, f(x)1 等价于(x 2+1)e-x-10.设函数 g(x)=(x2+1)e-x-1,则 g(x)=-(x2-2x+1)e-x=-(x-1)2e-x.当 x1 时,g(x)0,h(x)没有零点;(ii)当 a0 时,h(x)=ax(x-2)e -x.当 x(0,2)时,h(x)0.所以 h(x)在(0,2)单调递减,在(2,+)单调递增.故 h(2)=1- 是 h(x)在0,+)的最小值.4ae2若 h(2)0,即 a ,由于 h(0)=1,e24所以 h(x)在(0,2)有一个零点.由(1)知,当 x0 时,e xx2,所以 h(4a)=1- =1- 1- =1- 0.16a3e4a 16a3(e2a)2 16a3(2a)4 1a故 h(x)在(2,4a)有一个零点.因此 h(x)在(0,+)有两个零点.综上, f(x)在(0,+)只有一个零点时,a= .e24

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