1、专题八 动词及动词词组表示动作和状态的词叫做动词。根据 其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类：实义 动词(Notional Verb)、连系动词(Link Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary Verb)、情态动词 (Modal Verb); 还可以根据其后是否带有 宾语分为两类：及物动词(Transitive Verb) 和不及物动词(Intransitive Verb)。 中考考点解读 广东省卷近 5年中考统计情况 (单项填空 完形填空 短文填空) 情态 动词 2014 can 2015 must 2016 may 2017 should 2018 can动词 词组 2014 keep in
2、touch with take out keep on 2015 depend on lead to cheer up 2016 set off look down upon give up 2017 look through take the place of join in 2018 carry out set off动词 辨析 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2014 make money arrive in 2015 take photos what happened to sb. worry about 2016 show ones love for sb. fol
3、low ones example spend time with sb. 2017 sit at 固定 搭配 2018 cheerup 考点分析： 从近 5 年的考查情况来看， 情态动词 是每年单项填空的必考点， 动词词组和动 词辨析是完形填空的必考点， 动词的固定 搭配是短文填空的必考点。2019年备考 时要注重动词词组、 情态动词以及动词的 辨析的复习。基本 形式 构成规则 例子 动词 原形 动词的原始形式 study, be, like, catch, depend 第三 人称 单数 以 s, x, ch, sh, o 结尾的es passpasses, teachteaches, go
4、goes 考点 动 词的基本形式基本 形式 构成规则 例子 第三 人称 单数 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的要变 y 为 i 再es carrycarries, crycries, flyflies, trytries 其他情况：在 词尾s readreads, taketakes, putputs基本 形式 构成规则 例子 现在 分词 以不发音的 e结尾，去 e 再ing writewriting, havehaving, makemaking 重读闭音 节，双写结尾 字母再ing swimswimming, runrunning, getgetting基本 形式 构成规则 例子 现在 分词 以
5、ie 结尾， 改 ie 为 y，再 ing diedying, lielying, tietying 其他情况： 在 词尾ing readreading, catchcatching, dodoing基本 形式 构成规则 例子 过去 式与 过去 分词 一般情况： 在词尾ed workworked, passpassed, dependdepended 以 e结尾， 直接d livelived, hopehoped, decidedecided基本 形式 构成规则 例子 过去 式与 过去 分词 以辅音字母 加 y结尾的要 变 y为 i再ed studystudied, worryworried,
6、 hurryhurried 重读闭音节， 双写结尾字母 再ed stopstopped, shopshopped, planplanned写出下列动词的相应形式。 动词 原形 第三人 称单数 现在 分词 过去式 过去 分词 be do stop is being was been does doing did done stops stopping stopped stopped 对点专练 动词 原形 第三人 称单数 现在 分词 过去式 过去 分词 pass carry make die teach put passes passing passed passed carries carryi
7、ng carried carried makes making made made dies dying died died teaches teaching taught taught puts putting put put连系动词把主语和说明主语性质、状 态或身份等的词语(作表语的形容词或名 词)联系起来，并和这些词语一起构成谓 语。 考点 连系动词用法 例子 be动词 He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。 五 变 ： be/become变成， turn 变色， get 变温， go变质 be/become happy, turn red, get hot， go bad(变
8、质)用法 例子 五 感官 ： look, sound, taste, smell, feel(眼看， 耳听， 口尝，鼻闻，手 摸) Lily says the flower in the park looks beautiful and smells sweet. We eat some food there and it tastes delicious. We feel happy. The trip sounds wonderful.( )1. (2011广东)T h i ss i l kd r e s s_ so smooth. Its made in China. A. feels
9、B. smells C. sounds D. tastes A ( )2. (2010 广东) You _ cool! Are these your new sunglasses? A. taste B. look C. smell D. sound B 中考专题面对面 ( )1. There are dark clouds and the wind is blowing strongly. It _ that a typhoon is coming. A. feels B. sounds C. seems D. looks C 对点专练 ( )2. Dinner is ready. Help
10、 yourself, please! Wow! It _ delicious. You are really good at cooking. A. gets B. sounds C. tastes D. turns C( )3. Good morning. Id like a birthday gift for my mother. What about this scarf? It is beautiful and it _ soft and smooth. A. feels B. looks C. seems D. becomes A( )4. Three-D painting tech
11、nology c o u l db eu s e dt ob u i l dah o u s ei nl e s st h a n 24 hours. It _ amazing. Its my first time that I have got to know the news. A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. keeps C ( )5. Its _ darker and darker outside. We should take a bus home right now. A. feeling B. getting C. turning D. growin
12、g B 1.助动词的语法特征 (be, do, does, did, have, has, had, shall, will) (1) 一般没有词义； (2) 不能单独作谓语， 与其他动词一起构成 谓语，使用不同的时态或语态，或使用疑 问、否定句式； (3) 有人称、数和时态的变化。 考点 助动词2常见助动词的用法 助动词 用法 例子 be “be现在 分词”构成 现在进行时 It is raining heavily outside. 外面雨正下得很大。 “be过去 分词”构成 被动语态 The classroom is cleaned every day. 教室每天都被打扫。助动词 用法
13、例子 have has had “have/has 过去分 词”构成现 在完成时 He has been to Hong Kong twice. 他到过香港两次。 “had过 去分词”构 成过去完成 时 He had already finished his homework when his father came back. 当他爸爸回来的时候， 他已经完成作业了。助动词 用法 例子 do does did 构成一 般现在 时和一 般过去 时的否 定句或 疑问句 You dont like eating dumplings. 你不喜欢吃饺子。 Did you watch the volle
14、yball match last night? 你昨晚看排球比赛了 吗？助动词 用法 例子 do does did 构成祈使 句的否定 Dont be late again! 不要再迟到！ 用于 so, neither, nor 引导 的倒装句 They dont know the exact time to set off. Neither do I. 他们不知道出发的准 确时间，我也不知道。助动词 用法 例子 shall will 构成一般将 来时；shall 只与第一人 称主语连 用； will 可与 各种人称主 语连用 What time shall we set off? 我们应该什
15、么时候 出发？ Shall we begin now? 我们现在开始吗？( )1. Nobody believes Tom has read 100 books so far. But in fact, he _. You can see the news on the school website. A. does B. has C. is D. will B 对点专练 ( )2. _ you go shopping with me this afternoon? Yes. I want to buy a beautiful dress for my mother. A. Does B. A
16、re C. Were D. Will D ( )3. My computer _ work. There may be something wrong with it, but Im not sure. A. doesnt B. wont C. isnt D. hasnt A( )4. Mary enjoys playing the piano.So _ I. A. am B. did C. do D. will C ( )5. Ann, why _ you hurrying out? I must go now or Ill be late for the meeting. A. is B.
17、 are C. do D. will B情态动词本身有一定的词义，但不能 单独作谓语， 要与动词原形一起构成谓语。 情态动词后要使用动词原形，没有人称和 数的变化(have to 和 be able to除外)。 考点 情态动词1. 情态动词一览表 情态 动词 过去 式 词义 句型变化 can could 能； 会； 可以 I could swim at the age of seven. (肯定) Ic ou l d n tswi matt h e age of seven. (否定) Could you swim at the age of seven? (一般疑问)情态 动词 过去式 词
18、义 句型变化 may might 可能； 也许 You may take a walk after supper. (肯定) You may not take a walk after supper. (否定) May I take a walk after supper? (一般 疑问) 情态 动词 过去式 词义 句型变化 must 必须； 一定 We must arrive home before 10:00. (肯定) We neednt/dont have to arrive home before 10:00. (否定) Must you arrive home before 10:
19、00? (一般疑问) 情态 动词 过去式 词义 句型变化 have/ has to had to 不得 不 Tom had to go home on foot last night. (肯 定) Tom didnt have to go home on foot last night. (否定) Did Tom have to go home on foot last night? (一般疑问) 情态动 词 过去式 词 义 句型变化 should /ought to 应 该 We should/ought to keep the air fresh. (肯 定) We shouldnt/ou
20、ght not to keep the air fresh. (否定) Should we/Ought we to keep the air fresh? (一般疑问) 情态 动词 过去式 词义 句型变化 need 需要 注意：need作情态动 词使用时只用于否定 句和疑问句中。 You neednt close all the windows. (否 定) Need I close all the windows? (一般疑问) 情态 动词 过去式 词义 句型变化 had better 最好 You had better stay at home. (肯定) You had better n
21、ot stay at home. (否定) 注意：几个情态动词在一般疑问句中的回 答。 May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗？ Yes, you may. 是的，你可以。 /No, you mustnt/cant. 不，你不可以。 Can you come to see me tomorrow? 你明天能来看我吗？ Yes, I can. 是的，我可以。 /No, I cant. 不，我不能。 Must he go now? 他一定要现在走吗？ Yes, he must. 是的，他必须走。 /No, he neednt/doesnt have to. 不，他不需要。 Need
22、 I finish my homework today? 我需要今天完成作业吗？ Yes, you must. 是的，你必须。 /No, you neednt/dont have to. 不，你不需要。2情态动词的常见用法 情态动词 用法 例子 can/could 表 示“能；会” 表示 能力 I can speak English well. 我能说一口流 利的英语。情态动词 用法 例子 can, may 表 示“可以”， 在疑问句中 表示有礼貌 地提出请求 表示请 求和允 许 May I close the window? 我能关窗吗？ Yes, you can. 是的，你可以。 Can
23、I come in? 我能进来吗？ No, you cant. 不，你不能。情态动词 用法 例子 cant 表示 “不能” 表示 不允 许 We cant speak loudly in public. 我们不能在公共场 合大声说话。 mustnt 表示 “禁止”，态 度比 cant强硬 You mustnt break the rules. 你不能违反规则。情态动词 例子 cant表示“一定 不” That cant be Mr. Wang. He has gone to Beijing. 那不可能是王先生。他 已经去北京了。 might表示“可 能”，可能性比 may更小；或表 示对过去事
24、情的 猜测 He may/might come tomorrow. 他可能明天会来。 He might go abroad yesterday. 他可能昨天就出国了。 情态动词 例子 may表示“可 能”，可能性较 小 Be quick, or you may miss the early bus. 快点， 否则你就要错过早 班车了。 can 表示潜在的 可能性，常用于 疑问句和否定句 中 That man is our new teacher. Can it be true? 那个男人是我们的新老 师。是真的吗？ It cant be true. 这不可能是真的。情态动词 例子 must表示
25、“肯 定；一定是”， 常用于肯定句 中， 表示肯定性 的猜测， 可能性 最大 The book must be Jacks. H i sn a mei so ni t . 这本书肯定是杰克的，书 上有他的名字。 表示猜测，可能性由小到大依次如下： cant(不可能)mightmaycouldcan must(一定是)情态动词 用法 be able to 与 can一样都可表示能力(can 为 现在时，could 为过去时)，但可 用于各种时态，有人称和数的变 化 3情态动词注意点 例子 She is able to/can sing English songs well. 她能把英语歌唱得很好
26、。 He will be able to finish the work in an hour. (不能替换) 他将能在一小时内完成工作。情态动词 用法 have/has to 客观条件，用 have/has to；主 观因素，用 must (have/has to 可用于多种时态) 例子 She had to look after her little sister when mother was out. 当妈妈外出时，她不得不照看妹妹。 As a student, you must study hard. 作为一名学生，你必须好好学习。情态动词 用法 例子 will/would will
27、 用于第 二人称的疑 问句， 表示向 对方提出建 议和请求 Will you please tell me the way to the zoo? 你可以告诉我 去动物园的路 吗？情态动词 用法 例子 will/would would 表示过去 的意愿，在一般 疑问句中使用 时比使用 will的 语气更委婉 Would you like to come to my party? 你愿意来参加 我的生日晚会 吗？( )1. (2018 广东) Yuan Longping, a famous Chinese scientist, is now doing research on sea rice.
28、 If farmers _ start planting rice in salty water, Chinas food supply will surely rise. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt A 中考专题面对面 ( )2. (2016广东) Mom, _ I visit the Modern Art Museum next Monday? Im afraid you cant. All the museums in the city are closed on Monday. A. would B. need C. should D. may D
29、 ( )3. (2015 广东) Look! The traffic light has turned red. We _ stop our car. A. can B. cant C. must D. mustnt C( )4. (2014 广东) _ you come with me to Lang Langs piano concert this evening? I dl o v et o .B u tIh a v et os t u d yf o rm y math test. A.Sh ou ld B .M ay C.M u st D.Can D ( )5. (2013广东)So
30、me o n ei skn o c ki ng at the door. Is it Ann? It _ be her. She is giving a performance at the theatre now. A. may B. must C. cant D. mustnt C( )6. (2012 广东) _ I swim here? Im sorry. Children _ swim alone here. A. Must; cant B. May; must C. Can; mustnt D. Cant; can C ( )7. (2010 广东) Is a wK e v i n
31、i nt h e supermarket this morning. No, it _ him. He moved to Canada last week. A. can be B. must be C. cant be D. mustnt be C( )8. (2009 广东) Mr. Wang, must I come again on Sunday morning to clean the windows? No, you _. I have asked others to do it. A. dont have to B. mustnt C. cant D. shouldnt A( )
32、1. I cant take part in the sports meeting because of my broken leg. I _ stay at home. A. have to B. mustnt C. can D. wont A 对点专练 ( )2. Mom, must I take out the litter now? No, you _. You can have a rest first. A. mustnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. dont have to D( )3. Must I water the flowers every day? N
33、o, you _. You can water them twice a week. A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt D ( )4. Will you stay here for more days? Sorry, I _. My mother asked me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wouldnt C( )5. Hi, I am a new comer in the company. I _ know the position of each department
34、(部门)fi r st. No problem. Let me show you around the company. A. might B. may C. can D. should D一、同一动词型 look 短语 look after 照顾 look around 环顾 look down upon 瞧不起 look for 寻找 look forward to 盼望；期待 考点 常考的动词短语辨析look 短语 look into 向里看；调查 look out 注意；小心 look through 浏览 look up 查阅；向上看 look over 检查( )1. The nu
35、rse _ the crying baby but she couldnt find out the reason. A. looked over B. looked around C. looked into D. looked out A ( )2. Ill be away on holiday. Would you mind _ my pet dog? Not at all. Id be glad to do that. A. looking up B. looking for C. looking after D. looking down upon C 对点专练take短语 take
36、 away 带走；拿走 take it easy 放松点 take care of 照顾 take off 起飞；脱掉 take out 取出 take place 发生 take the place of 取代 take up 占据 take down 写下；记下 take part in 参加( )1. Thanks for your invitation, but Im so sorry I cant go. I need to _ my baby at home. A. take away B. take off C. take care of D. take down C ( )2.
37、 The plane will _ from Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport a n dl a ndi nL o n do n. A. take out B. take place C. take off D. take up C 对点专练put短语 put away 把收起来 put down 放下 put off 推迟 put on 穿上；上演 put on weight 增重 put out 熄灭；出版 put up 搭建；张贴( )1. We cant _ making a plan. Clean-up Day will come in t
38、wo weeks. Yes, I think so. A. put on B. put down C. put off D. put away C ( )2. Christmas is coming. Its time for us to _ Christmas decorations in the living room. A. put out B. put on C. put down D. put up D 对点专练get 短语 get away 离开 get back回来 get close (to) 靠近 get on 上车 get on with sb. 与某人相处 get out
39、 of 摆脱；逃避 get ready for 为做准备 get together 相聚 get up 起床 get in 进入；到达；收获 get over 克服 get off 下车( )1. I wont be able to _ from the office before 7 oclock because I need to wait for my boss. A. get back B. get close C. get over D. get on A ( )2. The bus is coming. Be careful when you _ the bus. A. get o
40、n B. get up C. get off D. get together A 对点专练go短语 go away 离开 go by (时间)流逝 go for a walk 去散步 go in for 喜欢；参加 go on 继续 go out 外出；熄灭 go over 仔细检查 go through 检查；经历；通过 go back 回到( )1. As time _, you will find the childhood becomes more and more valuable. A. goes by B. goes away C. goes out D. goes back A
41、 ( )2. Ann is so careful that she always _ her exercise to make sure there are no mistakes. A. goes on B. goes over C. goes back D. goes away B 对点专练come短语 come across (偶然)遇见 come back 回来 come down 降落；落下 come from 来自 come on 加油；快点 come to 共计；达到 come up with 想出 come out 出现；出版 come true 实现( )1. I was v
42、ery glad when I _ my old friend yesterday in the street. We havent seen each other for many years. A. came back B. came across C. came down D. came from B ( )2. The book wont _ until the end of the year. A. come out B. come to C. come true D. come up with A 对点专练give短语 give away 捐赠 give back 归还；退后 gi
43、ve out 散发；分发 give up 放弃 give off 发出(光、热等) give in 屈服；让步( )1. In spring, many flowers _ a nice smell. Its time to have a trip around. A. give away B. give out C. give off D. give back B ( )2. We must _ using plastic bags in order to protect our earth. A. give out B. give up C. give away D. give in B
44、对点专练二、同一介词型 up 短语 grow up 长大 cheer up 使高兴 hurry up 赶快 look up 查阅 give up 放弃 make up 编造；化妆 pick up 捡起；接载up 短语 take up 占用；开始从事 ring up 打电话 stay up 熬夜 set up 建立 wake up 醒来 put up 张贴；举起( )1. Dont _ late, Betty. You have to go to school early tomorrow. A. look up B. stay up C. cheer up D. grow up B ( )2.
45、 Sally failed in yesterdays maths exam and she looks sad. Lets go and _. A. make her up B. cheer her up C. wake her up D. pick her up B 对点专练on 短语 carry on 继续 depend on 依赖；依靠 hold on 等一下 keep on 继续 live on 以为食； 靠生活 try on 试穿；试验 put on 穿上；上演( )1. You cant _ the weather being fine when you plan a day o
46、ut in England. A. keep on B. try on C. live on D. depend on D 对点专练 ( )2. The School Festival is coming. What are you going to do? Oh, were going to _ a short play in the school hall. A. put on B. try on C. carry on D. hold on Awith 短语 agree with sb. 同意某人 connect with 与相连 deal with 处理 talk with sb. 与
47、某人谈话 c a t c hu pw it hsb.赶上某人 come up with 想出 get on with sb. 与某人和睦相处 make friends with 与交朋友 keep in touch with 与保持联系( )1. Another good idea! We could send e-cards to people and invite them to the party. Hey, were _ a lot of good ideas, arent we? A. getting along with B. coming up with C. catching up with D. making friends with B 对点专练() 2 . Im i s sm ys i s t e rb e c a u s es h eh a s moved to another city. Dont worry. You can _ her by email. A. come up with B. get along with C. make friends with D. keep in touch with D( )1. (2017 广东) If you want to know more about space, please _ the book
