2019一年级语文下册课文310《端午粽》端午节简介素材新人教版.doc

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1、1端午节简介端午节为每年农历五月初五,又称端阳节、午日节、五月节等。 “端”字有“初始”的意思,因此“端五”就是“初五” 。而按照历法五月正是“午”月,因此“端五”也就渐渐演变成了“端午” 。 燕京岁时记记载:“初五为五月单五,盖端字之转音也。 ”端午节起源说法众多,其中以纪念屈原说影响最为广泛。据史记 “屈原贾生列传”记载,屈原,是春秋时期楚怀王的大臣。他倡导举贤授能,富国强兵,力主联齐抗秦,遭到贵族子兰等人的强烈反对,屈原遭馋去职,被赶出都城,流放到沅、湘流域。他在流放中,写下了忧国忧民的离骚 、 天问 、 九歌等不朽诗篇,独具风貌,影响深远(因而,端午节也称诗人节) 。公元前 278 年

2、,秦军攻破楚国京都。屈原眼看自己的祖国被侵略,心如刀割,但是始终不忍舍弃自己的祖国,于五月五日,在写下了绝笔作怀沙之后,抱石投汨罗江身死,以自己的生命谱写了一曲壮丽的爱国主义乐章。传说屈原死后,楚国百姓哀痛异常,纷纷涌到汨罗江边去凭吊屈原。渔夫们划起船只,在江上来回打捞他的真身。有位渔夫拿出为屈原准备的饭团、鸡蛋等食物, “扑通、扑通”地丢进江里,说是让鱼龙虾蟹吃饱了,就不会去咬屈大夫的身体了。人们见后纷纷仿效。一位老医师则拿来一坛雄黄酒倒进江里,说是要药晕蛟龙水兽,以免伤害屈大夫。后来为怕饭团为蛟龙所食,人们想出用楝树叶包饭,外缠彩丝,发展成棕子。以后,在每年的五月初五,就有了龙舟竞渡、吃粽子、喝雄黄酒的风俗;以此来纪念爱国诗人屈原。过端午节,是中国人二千多年来的传统习惯,由于地域广大,民族众多,加上许多故事传说,于是不仅产生了众多相异的节名,而且各地也有着不尽相同的习俗。其内容主要有:女儿回娘家,挂钟馗像,迎鬼船、躲午,帖午叶符,悬挂菖蒲、艾草,游百病,佩香囊,备牲醴,赛龙舟,比武,击球,荡秋千,给小孩涂雄黄,饮用雄黄酒、菖蒲酒,吃五毒饼、咸蛋、粽子和时令鲜果等。2

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