1、1专题十七 完形填空第 10 讲完形填空解题方法指导1. 了解完形填空的语篇特点。2. 掌握并熟练运用完形填空的解题方法和技巧。3. 掌握完形填空高频词汇。北京中考完形填空命题规律总结北京中考完形填空的文章以 380-440 词左右的记叙文为主。文章的话题大多贴近中学生的生活并且大部分文章会讲述一个小故事，故事的主人公遇到或是做了一件事情，故事的进程中主人公有一系列的情感变化，但故事在结束时会传递出一种正能量。如北京中考完形填空，讲述了主人公 Molly 给妈妈准备圣诞惊喜的故事，通过载体“gloves”传递出“子女要学会向自己的父母表达爱(love)”的这种理念。因此建议读者在做题时需要将自
2、己带入故事的情景中，以主人公的视角体会故事情节变化中情感的变化，把握文章想要传达的含义，进而选择贴近文章主旨的选项。完形填空题的第一句通常不设空，给读者提供一定的语言背景。中考完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：一、对文章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断能力。二、对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据对近几年中考完形填空题的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少，顺序如下：动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词和代词等。三、对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。完形填空解题方法指导解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递
3、的理念，再进行选择填空。一、完形填空解题步骤第一步 通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but 出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but 后面的内容；再如代词 it 指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想要传达的寓意。如北京中考完形填空的关键词是：Molly; mum; Christmas; surprise; gloves。第二步 瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。如北京中考完形填空的最主要的线索词就是gloves。第三步 再读文章，核
4、查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。名 师点拨教 学目标2二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect 和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my father 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。例题 He is very kind and friendly to others. Because
5、of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and friendly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】牛刀小试1She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these 32 in it. Tears ran down her face when she s
6、aw the gloves in the catalog【北京中考】32. A. flowers B. sunglasses C. gloves D. chocolates2“Yes, Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 35 , OK?” As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret【北京中考】35. A. secret B. choice C. dream D. task3 To be chosen, we had to
7、turn in an example of our _32_. I wrote an article about the joys of summer, and showed it to my father,【东城一模】32.A. report B. writing C. homework D. newspaper4they were always very generous（慷慨的）when it came to giving us31.In fact, they didnt just give presents to us children.【东城二模】31. A. wishes B. l
8、essons C. presents D. greetings5when I had my class write something about themselves, he just sat there. So I took him outside to see what was wrong. “You can 31 about something else; anything you want, ”I offered【西城一模】31. A. talk B. read C. write D. hear6 The fourth day started with me finding a _
9、(39) on the sidewalk, Id always thought of finding money as a good sign.【西城二模】39. A. card B. coin C. phone D. book 7 Every university that he applied to (申请) accepted him. When the autumn came, Justin had his _40_ in colleges. He decided to go to the sunniest university in Hawaii, and nobody could s
10、ay that Justin made a bad choice. 【海淀一模】40. A. fact B. choice C. record D. event8Tina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst31. Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.【海淀二模】31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name9Tears (眼泪) ra
11、n down his face as he held the book close to him and went back to his seat. I stayed with the class for the rest of the day. Ronny never let go of the36, not 3once. It never left his hands.【朝阳一模】36. A. hand B. class C. book D. chair10“Anything could have gone wrong at that point, so I stayed there t
12、hrough the night to make sure everything was done 33, ” Michael said.【朝阳二模】33. A. fast B. right C. warmly D. slowly参考答案：CABCC BBBCB方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。例题 例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US an
13、d China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in China. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是
14、50 分钟，中国每节课是 40 分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】牛刀小试1Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at (偷看) Dadwhen Mum wasnt 37 , but every time he shook his head.【北京中考】37. A. working B. looking C. smiling D. talking2 I didnt write a lot but working on the paper sounded like fun. I _31_the idea of b
15、eing a reporter, interviewing my friends【东城一模】31. A. gave B. shared C. liked D. welcomed3 No surprisehis version(版本)was _34_ . He had a gift for language.【东城一模】34.A. different B. common C. popular D. wonderful4 when we got to the end of th e present giving, I was very 33 . My last present was not th
16、e bike I had hoped for.【东城二模】33. A. upset B. afraid C. nervous D. serious5 Vincent was difficult and 32 . He acted out. He threw things. He refused to work, to be quiet, to sit down.【西城一模】32. A. angry B. lazy C. careless D. disappointed6 Suddenly, a big boy _33_ Justin. Justin went flying, fell on t
17、he ground and broke his leg.【海淀一模】33. A. saw B. met C. pushed D. followed7“ Let me see your progress report.” Justin was _37_. His grades had really fallen since he broke his leg.【海淀一模】37. A. moved B. embarrassed C. interested D. pleased 8my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and
18、hes in hospital.【海淀二模】38. A. terrible B. simple C. boring D. comfortable9I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼). I _35_ Ronny with a book one of those Little Golden Books that only cost $5.【朝阳一模】435. A. covered B. shared C. presented D. compared10As he tried to open the door, he realized it was 37 . He was
19、 trapped(陷入困境)in his car【朝阳二模】37. A. open B. shut C. safe D. cold参考答案：BCDAA CBACB方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and 表并列，but 和however 表转折，because、for、so 等表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 等表顺序等）。例题 例 1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijin
20、g Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】牛刀小试1Mum wo uldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 33 time on the farm.【北京中考】33. A. hard B. lonely C
21、. short D. busy2On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt 38 when she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum.【北京中考】38. A. sad B. strange C. angry D. tired3And as a result, he rewrote the whole piecewithout me, for I never said anything to _33_ him【东
22、城一模】33.A. help B. stop C. allow D. praise4For years after that, at the end of all the present giving, my father would ask me what I had to say to everyone. It had become a family joke. I would always say, “Is that all?”But what I really 40 was“Thanks so much.”And everyone knew that.【东城二模】40. A. hear
23、d B. meant C. answered D. expected5If I knew she had found a better home, I would be _ (33) yet relieved (放心的).【西城二模】33. A. mad B. worried C. sad D. moved 6Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt33itand she was going to fail again!【海淀二模】33. A. finished B. forgotten
24、C. collected D. built7He thought I was cheating. Buthe 40 and understands me now.【海淀二模】40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises8He had a speech problem so he couldnt _31_ like other kids in his grade.【朝阳一模】31. A. read B. copy C. write D. listen参考答案：AABBC ABA方法 方法四：文化背景常识法5解释 “文化背景常识法”是指完形
25、填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than elephan
26、ts, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第 1 题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。第 2 题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】牛刀小试1As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Dad her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day,” said
27、Molly 36 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile【北京中考】36. A. patiently B. doubtfully C. proudly D. quietly2Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37up to her table.【海淀二模】37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently3
28、After medical school, Michael moved to Southern California. He became a 3lat Mission Community Hospital.【朝阳二模】31.A. teacher B. driver C. doctor D. worker参考答案：DCC方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题 例 1：When two people are in a conversation, the speaker will
29、only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she isspeaking13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some photos there. 10. A. got B. brou
30、ght C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos 拍照”，故选 D。】牛刀小试1Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began 39 the table.【北京中考】39. A. pushing B. changing C. setting D. booking2It was something I _ (38) because I believed Gracie was ha lf dog, half wolf【西城二模】38. A. loo
31、ked up B. built up C. set up D. made up 3When Chris finished primary school, the two lost 35 . What Michael could never 6have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30years later.【朝阳二模】35. A. hope B. touch C. trust D. message参考答案：CDB完形填空高频词汇【词性及词义部分可以让学生自己默写；例句除加黄色底纹部分以外，其余都来自真题和模拟题】【常考动词】单词
32、词性及词义 示例surprise v. 使惊奇 What surprised me most was that they got married soon.drop v.1)落下 2)放下3)降低 4)中途卸客Molly ran back home and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa.order v.1)命令 2)订购,点菜 The officer ordered them to fire.walk v.1)走 2)护送走 3)遛save v.1)救助 2)攒钱1)Molly had walked a dog for a neighbor and sav
33、edher money all year to buy Mum the gloves.2) When Michael realized that the little baby he once saved had just saved him, all he could do was to hold back tears.tear v. 撕掉 the order form torn from the catalog(商品目录)pass v.1)路过 2)递 3)及格 4)时间流逝1) “Umm, a pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a
34、 stamp to her.2) Justin passed through all his classes.realize v. 1)意识到 2)实现 1) Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. 2)I was so upset that I didnt realize how unthankful I sounded.3) I started to realize what a stupid thing I had said.4) Justin realized that he didnt
35、 want to feel bad for himself5) As he tried to open the door, he realized it was shut.remind v.提醒；使想起 1) In face, he reminded her of Santa Claus.2)Rheas words remindme what, as a writer, I surely have faith in: the power of story.hand v. 交；递 She handed me the letter.design v. 设计 design a car7check v
36、. 检查 check ones workset v. 1)放置 2) 摆放餐具as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began setting the table.book v. 预定 book a flight to Beijingchange v. 改变interview v. 1) 面试 2)采访 I like the idea of being a reporter, interviewing my friends, and covering middle school events.cover v.1) 覆盖 2)设计 3
37、)报道rewrite v. 重写expect v. 1)预料 2)期望 I expect you to write a personal opinion article every weekChris entered the world earlier than expected.What Michael could never have expected was how Chris would reenter his life 30years later.express v. 表达 my teacher clearly expressed his disappointmentcomplain
38、 v. 抱怨；埋怨 1) Icomplained that my father rewrote my first article himself, instead of simply trying to help me to improve it.2) After my parents worked so hard, how could Icomplainthat I did not receive a bikeI worked with all the students in Ronnys class one by one to improve their reading skills.im
39、prove v.提高；改善allow v. 允许 because I allowed him to do it.reach v. 1)抵达 2)达到3)伸手 4)够得着my writing never reachedthe level of the first article.raise v. 1) 举起 2)提高3)筹集 4)提出 5)抚养raise hand; raise the price; raise money; raise questionshold v. 1)抓住 2)抱住3)举行 4) 坚持住1) Every year they held a Christmas Eve par
40、ty.2)they hold the world responsible for the consequence.3) Its what holds our life together.4) she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.5) I held an awards ceremony(颁奖典礼).6) all he could do was to hold back tears.leave v. 1)离开 2)留下 3)丢下I made it clear by leaving hintsto my parents in every wa
41、y I knew.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.It never left his hands.receive v. 收到；招待 I had receivedso many other thingsaccept v. 接受；录取 Vincent got accepted into ten different universities.Every university that he applied to accepted him.fail v. 1)失败，未能做到2)衰退 3)使失望Her eyesight is failing.
42、When he lost his job, he felt he failed his family.8He worked with a house painter after failing through high school.Oh no, Tina hadnt finish it and she was going to fail again!mean v.意思是 But what I really meant was“Thanks so much.”That didnt mean we didnt try.have v.1)有 2)使做 I had my class write so
43、mething about themselves.offer v.主动提出 “You can write about something else”Ioffered.wonder v.想知道 I wondered what he was up to.attend v.1)参加 2)上课 Vincent attended classes and got straight As for two years.land v. 1)着陆 2)成功得到 Vincent landed a great job at a big tech company.work v. 1)工作 2)奏效;起作用For him
44、, sitting still, listening and reading, didnt work.attract v. 吸引 Justin was attracted by the stories that Kiki told.encourage v.鼓励succeed v.1)成功 2)接替disappear v.消失；不见 my dog Gracie disappeared six years ago.His once bright future disappeared.believe v.相信；认为 I really learned what I believe.Such stori
45、es only become real when we believethem.But he believes and understands me now.search v.搜查 We searched the neighborhood for hoursimagine v.想象 but imagine hearing for the first timeBut he could never have imagined where it would come from.wait v.等待support v. 1)支持 2)养活 3)支撑He has a big family to suppo
46、rt.some stories are never supported with scientific factssuggest v.1)建议 2)表明;暗示 Isuggest that we go out to eat.All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.beat v. 1)打败 2)敲打 3)心跳He could run with the ball fast and beat any of the older boys at the courtagree v. 1)同意 2)约定 Justin agreed.lie v.1)躺
47、 2)位于 3)说谎 Justin just lay in bed watching TV every daybreak v. 1)摔坏 2)弄坏3)暂停 4)违犯n. 休息；休假Justin went flying, fell on the ground and broke his leg.while she was home on break, they studied, talked and worked together.apply v.申请；应用 Every university that he applied to accepted him.stand v.1)站立 2)位于 3)
48、忍受I cant stand his brother.Ronny stood apart from his classmates in other ways.record v.1)记录 2)录音promise v. 承诺 Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.9cheat v.1)欺骗 2)作弊 Lily would get a good grade by cheating.collect v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers.point v.指向；指引 Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exampaper, pointed to the door andstop v.1)(使)停止;结束 2)阻止When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.understand v.理解 But he believes and understands me now.forgive v.原谅 Will you forgive me?praise v.赞扬；赞美vol
