1、1专题十七 完形填空第 7 讲 Friends or Exams1. 掌握本篇完形填空中出现 的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握完形填空的解题技巧，并能够指出本篇完形填空中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过完形填空高频词、长难句等语料的积累，及完形填空解题技巧的练习，灵活应对各种完形填空题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”，在英语学习的过程中，语料的积累至关重要。对于完形填空高频词和长难句的梳理，能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句，快来看看你掌握了吗？一、高频词【课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。具体使用中可以删去词义词性部分
2、，给小例句提示。并标记出学生的实际掌握情况（优良差）】单词 词性及词义 示例 备注 掌握情况promise v./n.承诺 Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam.相关词：promisingdisappointed adj. 失望的；遗憾的 Tina was disappointed and angry.相关词：disappoint; 教 学目标名 师点拨2disappointmentsurprised adj.惊讶的 She looked up and was surprised to see相关词：surprise;
3、 surprisinghold v.1)抓住;握住 2)坚持住3)举行 4)认为she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.cheat v.1)欺骗 2)作弊 Lily would get a good grade by cheating.fair adj. 公平的 相关词：unfaircollect v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 相关词：collectionfail v.1)失败，未能做到2)衰退 3)使失望she was going to fail again!Her eyesight is failing.point n.点；观点；要点v
4、.指向；指引Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper, pointed to the door andleave v. 1)离开 2)留下3)丢下leaving hints to my parentsI left my bag on the bus.stop v.1)(使)停止;结束 2)阻止n.1)停止 2)车站When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her.understand v.理解 相关词：understanding; understandableforgive v.原谅save v. 1)救助 2)攒钱su
5、pport v. 1)支持 2)支撑 3)养活相关词：supporterregretful adj.后悔的；遗憾的 相关词：regretsilently adv.悄悄地；无声地 相关词：silentpatiently adv.耐心地 相关词：patient; patienceboring adj.无聊的 相关词：bored; boredomcomfortable adj.舒服的；舒适的 相关词：comfort; comfortablyinstruction n.1)指示 2)用法说明 相关词：instructrefuse v.拒绝believe v.相信 相关词：beliefpraise v.
6、/n.赞扬；赞美look up 抬头往上看；查阅；尊敬think of 认为；考虑pick up 1)拿起；捡起 2)偶然学会 3)开车去接3stare at 盯着看；凝视二、长难句【课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。可以根据提示分析句子结构完成句子翻译。】1. While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five.结构分析：_本句前半句含有“状语从句省略结构”，后半句含有“find + it(形式宾语)+adj.+ to do(真正的宾语)”结构，表示“发现做很”。句子翻译：_
7、在参加考试时，Tina 发现第五题很难回答。仿句练习：在学习过程中，我发现养成好的习惯很重要。_While studying, I find it important to develop good habits.2. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.结构分析：_本句含有“when”引导的时间状语从句，表示“当时”，从句中含有“see sb. doing sth.”结构。句子翻译：_当她看到 Lily 在桌子底下拿着手机时，Tina 正在做最后一题。仿句练习：我看
8、见他正在街上散步。_I saw him walking in the street.3. I knew it was stupid,but I was reading 39 from my mom to seehow it was going.结构分析：_本句大的结构是“but”连接的并列句，前半句含有省略 that 的宾语从句；后半句含有“to do”表目的的结构和 how 引导的宾语从句。句子翻译：_我知道这么做很愚蠢，但是当时我正在读来自我妈妈的_去了解事情进展的怎样。仿句练习：为了能够被重点大学录取，我们需要好好学习。_We need to work hard to be accept
9、ed by the key universities.4方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累，没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于完形填空解题方法的梳理，能够帮助我们更好地理解完形填空的命题逻辑，在有足够语料积累的基础上，能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学，老师已经为你精心整理了完形填空的解题技巧，快来看看你掌握了多少？一、完形填空解题步骤第一步 通读全文，把握脉络 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意。注意文中的语篇关键词，和句中的连词，如 but 出现后就说明句子强调的重点是 but 后面的内容；再如代词 it 指代的定是前文的单数或者不可数名词。找到关键词可以帮助我们掌握文章的大概意思及其想
10、要传达的寓意。第二步 瞻前顾后，上下求索 联系上下文，运用解题策略从句子、段落、语篇层面解题，抓住文章中的上下文线索词。【具体的解题策略会在下一部分详细描述】第三步 再读文章，核查答案 代入答案，再读全文，反复检查，争取做到：结构正确+语义通顺+逻辑合理。二、完形填空解题策略方法 方法一：词汇复现法解释 “词汇复现”是指某一词汇以原词、词形变化(如 protect 和 protection)、同义词/近义词(如 road和 trail)、反义词(如 wrong 和 correct)、上下义词(上下义是指词的总结和分解关系，上义词是总称词，下义词是被包含的个体或种类。如 adult 是 my f
11、ather 的上义词；coat 是 clothes 的下义词)等重复出现在语篇之中。例题 例 1：He is very kind and friendly to others. Because of his _, he is quite popular with the people around him. A. ability B. honesty C. relationship D. kindness【分析：通过上文“He is very kind and frie ndly to others”，由“kind”可知因为他的“善良友好”他很受欢迎。故选 D。】例 2：The old man
12、 tends to forget things from time to time. In other words, he is more and more _. A. forgetful B. unforgettable C. easy-going D. hard-working【分析：通过上文“The old man tends to forget things from time to time”，由“forget”可知他越来越“健忘”。故选 A。（forgetful“健忘的”，unforgettable“难忘的”。）】方法 方法二：上下文推理法解释 “上下文推理法”是指根据对上下文的语
13、义和整个语篇的理解，进行适当的推理判断，因此需重点注意挖空处的上下文语境，判断清楚所要表达的含义。5例题 例：When we talked, I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little _17_ than that in Chin a. We usually have forty minutes in each class.17. A. shorter
14、B. longer C. earlier D. later【分析：通过上文“each class lasts fifty minutes in the US”和下文“We usually have forty minutes in each class.”可知美国每节课是 50 分钟，中国每节课是 40 分钟，根据上下文可以推断出美国的课时比中国的长，故选 B。】方法 方法三：逻辑推理法解释 “逻辑推理法”是根据文章的逻辑关系（如因果、并列、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等）进行适当的推理判断，因此需特别注意挖空处表示逻辑关系的连词（如 and 表并列，but 和however 表转折
15、，so 表因果，first of all、then 和 finally 表顺序等）。例题 例 1：My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera very much, but he cant sing 6 .6. A. badly B. easily C. well D. excitedly【分析：通过上文“My youngest cousin likes Chinese Beijing Opera”和连词“but”，可以推断出前后存在转折关系，此处想要表达的含义是“喜欢但唱得不好”，故选 C。】方法 方法四：文化背景常识法解释 “文化背景常识法”
16、是指完形填空的文章内容往往与我们的文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断。事实上，该技巧与“逻辑推断”常常交织在一起的，因为虽有背景常识，仍需简单推理。需注意中外文化的差异性，不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来看待其它国家发生的事情。例题 例：There are many kinds of animals in the world. Elephants are the 1 animals that live on land. Only some kinds of whales (鲸鱼) are bigger than ele
17、phants, but they live in the 2 . 1. A. biggest B. smallest C. smaller D. bigger2. A. river B. lake C. sea D. forest【分析：第 1 题，众所周知：大象是陆地上最大的动物，故选 A. biggest。第 2 题，众所周知：鲸鱼生活在大海里，故选 C. sea。】方法 方法五：固定搭配法解释 完形填空以语境考查为主，但也有小部分题目考查语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，解题过程中我们需要结合所学固定搭配选出正确答案。例题 例 1：When two people are in a conve
18、rsation, the speaker will only look at the listener from time to time, in order to make sure that the listener does pay attention 13 what he or she is speaking 13. A. for B. of C. with D. to【分析：考查固定短语“pay attention to 注意”，故选 D。】例 2：but we were relaxed when we were lying on the beach. We 10 some phot
19、os there. 10. A. got B. brought C. bought D. took【分析：考查固定短语“take photos 拍照”，故选 D。】6障碍阅读【遵循完形填空“先完意，后完形”的原则，指导学生在障碍阅读的前提下领悟文章的主要意思，防止学生理解跑偏】（海淀二模）Friends or ExamsTina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst31 . Her friend Lily had promised to h elp her study
20、for the physics exam. But for two weeks, Lily didnt answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry.While taking the exam, Tina found it difficult to answer question number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her32 under the table and reading from it. Lily
21、would get a good grade by cheating. It wasnt fair! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else think of her? Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt33 it and she was going to fail again!At lunch time, Tina
22、wanted to talk to Lily but couldnt find her. Tina thought about 34 the teacher, but e veryone would hate her if she did that. “It wasnt fair!” she thought. Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed” Tina35 him.That afternoon, Tina was sitting behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didnt ta
23、ke her phone out. Maybe she didnt need to cheat at history. Tina felt a little36 that she had told Mr. Reed. But it was too late now. Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table. Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her ph
24、one and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37up to her table. Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper, pointed to the door and told her to go outside. Everyone was staring at Lily and Tina felt really sorry now.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her “Tina, Im really sorry I didnt answer your calls
25、, but my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital. 语篇精讲7He had a big operation today and I was very worried. I knew it was stupid, but I was reading 39fro m my mom to see how it was going. Mr. Reed caught me. He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me no
26、w. Im sorry I didnt tell you what was happening. I know youre a good friend. Will you forgive me?“文章大意为（只给出关键词即可）_参考关键词：Tina; Lily; friend; exam; phone; cheat; dad; operation参考答案： While taking exams, Tina found her friend Lily holding her phone. She felt it was unfair so she told this to her teacher
27、 and in the next exam, the teacher caught Lily. But after the exam she knew that Lily didnt cheat and she was just reading messages form her mother, because her father was having a big operation in hospital.【注：程度比较好的学生可以进行无选项填空训练】语篇练习话题 体裁 词数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 难度人物故事类 记叙文 399 12-15 分钟 _/10（海淀二模）Friends
28、or ExamsTina had two exams that day. Physics was first and she hated physics, it was her worst31 . Her friend Lily had promised to help her study for the physics exam. But for two weeks, Lily didnt answer any of her calls or messages. Tina was disappointed and angry.While taking the exam, Tina found
29、 it difficult to answer question number five. She looked up and was surprised to see Lily holding her32 under the table and reading from it. Lily would get a good grade by cheating. It wasnt fair! Tina felt really angry at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher. But what would everyone else
30、 think of her? Just then, Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers. Oh no, Tina hadnt33 it and she was going to fail again!At lunch time, Tina wanted to talk to Lily but couldnt find her. Tina thought about 34 the teacher, but everyone would hate her if she did that. “It wasnt fair!” she thought.
31、 Just then, Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed” Tina35 him.That afternoon, Tina was sitting behind Lily in the history exam. Lily didnt take her phone out. Maybe she didnt need to cheat at history. Tina felt a little36 that she had told Mr. Reed. But it was too late now. Tina was on the last
32、question when she saw Lily holding h er phone under the table. Without thinking, Tina looked up and nodded to Mr. Reed. Lily was looking at her phone 8and didnt hear Mr. Reed as he walked 37up to her table. Mr. Reed picked up Lilys exam paper, pointed to the door and told her to go outside. Everyone
33、 was staring at Lily and Tina felt really sorry now.When Tina was leaving school, Lily stopped her “Tina, I m really sorry I didnt answer your calls, but my family is having a 38 time. My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital. He had a big operation today and I was very worried. I knew it was s
34、tupid, but I was reading 39 from my mom to see how it was going. Mr. Reed caught me. He thought I was cheating. But he 40 and understands me now. Im sorry I didnt tell you what was happening. I know youre a good friend. Will you forgive me?“31. A. month B. subject C. market D. name32. A. book B. dic
35、tionary C. camera D. phone33. A. finished B. forgotten C. collected D. built34. A. telling B. asking C. leaving D. watching35. A. saved B. supported C. stopped D. served36. A. wonderful B. useful C. harmful D. regretful37. A. lazily B. weakly C. silently D. patiently38. A. terrible B. simple C. bori
36、ng D. comfortable39. A. instr uctionsB. papers C. signs D. messages40. A. refuses B. believes C. criticizes D. praises语篇精讲：参考答案：3135 BDAAC 3640 DCADB文章大意：While taking exams, Tina found her friend Lily holding her phone. She felt it was unfair so she told this to her teacher and in the next exam, the
37、 teacher caught Lily. But after the exam she knew that Lily didnt cheat and she was just reading messages form her mother, because her father was having a big operation in hospital.答案解析：31. 通过上文“Physics was first and she hated physics”可知她不喜欢物理，因此可知物理是她最不擅长的科目。另外可根据 physics 是 subject 的下义词，判断出来选 B。32.
38、 通过后文第四段“Tina was on the last question when she saw Lily holding her phone under the table.”，根据再次出现的 phone，故选 D。33. 通过上文“Mr. Reed started to collect the exam papers.”和下文“she was going to fail again!”，可知老师开始收考卷，而她又感觉会再次不及格，可推断出她并没有完成考卷。故选 A。34. 通过语境可知 Tina 发现 Lily 考试的时候拿手机，再结合上文“Tina felt really angr
39、y at Lily and even thought about telling the teacher.”，可推断出 Tina 想把这件事告诉老师，故选 A。35. 通过上文“Mr. Reed walked past her table. “Mr. Reed”，可知老师从她身边走过，她叫住老师，让老师“停下”。故选 C。936. 通过上文可知 Tina 把 Lily 考试时看手机的事情告诉了老师但是“Lily didnt take her phone out.”，因此可推断出 Ti na 的感受应该是后悔的。故选 D。37. 通过上文可知 Tina 再次发现 Lily 考试时看手机并点头示意
40、老师，再结合生活常识可知老师去抓“作弊”的学生时应该是“静悄悄地”；另外也可根据“didnt hear Mr. Reed”可以判断出走路声是很小的。故选C。38. 通过下文“My dad had a heart attack and hes in hospital.”可知 Lily 的父亲心脏病发作住院了，因此可推断出她家正出于比较糟糕的时间。故选 A。39. 通过上文“He had a big operation today”和下文“to see how it was going”，可知 Lily 父亲在做手术，她看手机是为了通过妈妈发来的信息了解父亲手术的情况，故选 D。40. 通过上文“
41、He thought I was cheating. ”和连词转折连词“But ”，可知老师也误会她作弊但是老师已经理解她了，并且通过“and”可知此空的词汇应该和“and”后的“understand”在感情色彩上保持一致，故选 B。精讲笔记 【学生在教师的指导下，回顾本讲中积累的完形填空的知识和方法】语篇中积累的词汇【至少掌握 10 个】单词 词性及 词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）realize语篇中的学到的方法【根据具体教学情况归纳总结】【至少掌握 2 个】方法一：词汇复现法 如：本篇文章中的 32. (phone)方法二：上下文逻辑推理法方法三：逻辑推理法方法四：文化背景常识
42、法方法五：固定搭配法基础过关一、词汇/短语翻译单词 词性及词义 备注能力提升101 _ v./n.承诺2 _ adj. 失望的；遗憾的3 _ adj.惊讶的4 _ v.1)抓住;握住 2)举行5 _ v.1)欺骗 2)作弊6 _ adj. 公平的 反义词：_7 _ v.1)收集；收藏 2)取走 名词：_8 _ v.失败，未能做到9 _ v.指向；指引10 _ v.离开11 stop v. _ n. _12 _ v.理解 名词：_13 forgive _14 save _15 support _16 regretful _17 silently _18 _ adv.耐心地19 _ adj.无聊的
43、20 _ adj.舒服的；舒适的21 instruction _22 _ v.拒绝23 _ v.相信24 _ v./n.赞扬；赞美25 look up _26 think of _27 pick up _28 stare at _二、句子翻译1. 她的朋友 Lily 承诺说帮助她学习准备物理考试。_2.在参加考试时，Tina 发现第五题很难回答。_3. 她抬头看，吃惊地发现 Lily 的手在桌子底下拿着手机。_4. 当她看到 Lily 在桌子底下拿着手机时，Tina 正在做最后一题。_5. Mr. Reed 拿起 Lily 的试卷，指着门口，让她走出去。_11完形练习（海淀二模）Ever si
44、nce I was very young, I have looked to my parents and grandparents, friends and teachers for guidance. I ask them for answers to everything. Afraid to make a 31 ，Ive asked countless times, “What should I do?”Maybe I was 32 to take my first baby step on my own. I decided I only wanted to do things the “right” way, even if it meant not doing something.Sometime
