广西2020版高考数学一轮复习考点规范练23解三角形文.docx

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1、1考点规范练 23 解三角形一、基础巩固1.在 ABC 中, c= ,A=75,B=45,则 ABC 的外接圆的面积为( )3A. B. C.2 D.4 4答案 B解析 在 ABC 中, c= ,A=75,B=45,3故 C=180-A-B=60.设 ABC 的外接圆半径为 R,则由正弦定理可得 2R= ,解得 R=1,csinC= 332故 ABC 的外接圆的面积 S= R2= .2. ABC 的内角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c.已知 a= ,b=2,A=60,则 c=( )3A. B.1 C. D.212 3答案 B解析 由已知及余弦定理,得 3=4+c2-22c ,12整理,得

2、 c2-2c+1=0,解得 c=1.故选 B.3.(2018 广东中山质检)在 ABC 中, a,b,c 分别为内角 A,B,C 的对边, a=1,ccos A+acos C=2bcos B, ABC 的面积 S= ,则 b 等于( )3A. B.4 C.3 D.13 15答案 A解析 由题意可得,2sin BcosB=sinCcosA+sinAcosC=sin(A+C)=sinB, cosB= ,B= .12 3又 S= acsinB= 1c ,c= 4.12 12 32= 32又 b2=a2+c2-2accosB=1+16-214 =13,12b= .134.设 ABC 的三内角 A,B,

3、C 成等差数列,sin A,sin B,sin C 成等比数列,则这个三角形的形状是( )A.直角三角形 B.钝角三角形C.等腰直角三角形 D.等边三角形答案 D解析 ABC 的三内角 A,B,C 成等差数列, B= . 3 sinA,sinB,sinC 成等比数列, sin2B=sinAsinC,由正弦定理得 b2=ac.在 ABC 中,由余弦定理得 b2=a2+c2-2accos , 3ac=a 2+c2-ac, (a-c)2=0,a=c. ABC 为等边三角形 .5.如图,两座相距 60 m 的建筑物 AB,CD 的高度分别为 20 m,50 m,BD 为水平面,则从建筑物 AB 的顶端

4、 A 看建筑物 CD 的张角为 ( )A.30 B.45C.60 D.75答案 B解析 依题意可得 AD=20 m,AC=30 m,10 5又 CD=50m,所以在 ACD 中,由余弦定理,得 cos CAD=,又 00,所以 sinA+cosA=0,即 tanA=-1,因为 A(0,),所以 A= .34由正弦定理 ,得 ,asinA= csinC 2sin34= 2sinC即 sinC= ,所以 C= ,故选 B.12 612.(2018 全国 ,文 16) ABC 的内角 A,B,C 的对边分别为 a,b,c,已知 bsin C+csin B=4asin Bsin C,b2+c2-a2=8,则 ABC 的面积为 . 6答案233解析 由正弦定理及条件,得 bc+cb=4absinC,所以 =2a,设 ABC 的外接圆半径为 R,则 =2R,所以csinC csinCa=R.因为 b2+c2-a2=80,所以 cosA0,0A,B= ,C= .56 3或 23 2或 68

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