版选修4_5.docx

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1、12.3 反证法与放缩法一、教学目标1掌握用反证法证明不等式的方法2了解放缩法证明不等式的原理,并会用其证明不等式二、课时安排1 课时三、教学重点掌握用反证法证明不等式的方法四、教学难点了解放缩法证明不等式的原理,并会用其证明不等式五、教学过程(一)导入新课若 x, y 都是正实数,且 x y2.求证: 0 且 y0,所以 1 x2 y,且 1 y2 x,1 xy 1 yx两式相加,得 2 x y2 x2 y,所以 x y2,这与已知条件 x y2 矛盾,因此 2,a2 ab b2 b20,(a12b)2 34故取等号的条件为 a b0,显然不成立, a2 ab b20.则 a3 b3( a

2、b)(a2 ab b2)2(a2 ab b2),而 a3 b32,故 a2 ab b2a2 b22 ab,从而 ab2,则 a2 b,故 2 a3 b3(2 b)3 b3,即 2812 b6 b2,即( b1) 22,则( a b)3 a3 b33 ab(a b)8.由 a3 b32,得 3ab(a b)6,故 ab(a b)2.又 a3 b3( a b)(a2 ab b2)2, ab(a b)(a b)(a2 ab b2), a2 ab b2ab,即( a b)20.这显然不成立,故 a b2.(四)归纳小结反证法与放缩法Error!(五)随堂检测1实数 a, b, c 不全为 0 的等价条

3、件为( )A a, b, c 均不为 0B a, b, c 中至多有一 个为 0C a, b, c 中至少有一个为 0D a, b, c 中至少有一个不为 0【解析 】 实数 a, b, c 不全为 0 的含义即 a, b, c 中至少有一个不为 0,其否定则是 a, b, c 全为 0,故选 D.【答案】 D2已知 a b c0, ab bc ac0, abc0,用反证法求证 a0, b0, c0 时的假设为( )A a0, b0, c0 B a0, b0, c0C a, b, c 不全是正数 D. abc0【解析】 a0, b0, c0 的反面是 a, b, c 不全是正数,故选 C.【答案】 C3要证明 2 ,下列证明方法中,最为合理的是( )3 7 5A综合法 B放缩法 C分析法 D.反证法【解析】 由分析法的证明过程可知选 C.【答案】 C六、板书设计62.3 反证法与放缩法教材整理 1 反证法教材整理 2 放缩法例 1:例 2:例 3:学生板演练习七、作业布置同步练习:2.3 反证法与 放缩法八、教学反思

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