2019版高中化学第一章认识有机化合物第3节有机化合物的命名第1课时课堂达标验收新人教版选修5.doc

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1、1第一章 第三节 有机化合物的命名 第 1课时1(2017衡水中学调考)进行烃的系统命名时,首先要选取主链,下列烷烃的主链碳原子数最多的是( C )ACH 3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 2(2017银川一中检测)按要求回答下列各题:(1)按系统命名法命名。CH 3CH(C2H5)CH(CH3)2:_2,3二甲基戊烷_;CH 3CH(CH2CH3)CH(CH2CH3)CH2CH(CH3)2:_2,5二甲基4乙基庚烷_。CH 3CH(CH3)CH(CH2CH3)C(CH3)3:_2,2,4三甲基3乙基戊烷_。(2)写出下列各种有机物的结构简式。2,3二甲基4乙基己烷:_ _;支链只有一个乙基且

2、相对分子质量最小的烷烃:_ _。3下列烷烃的名称是否正确?若不正确指明原因并改正。2-甲基-4,4-二乙基己烷2,5-二甲基-4-乙基己烷3-乙基-2,4-二甲基己烷(4)CH3CH(CH3)C(CH3)2C(CH3)(C2H5)(CH2)2CH3 2,3,3,4,5-五甲基-4-乙基己烷2答案:(1)主链选错,故不正确。应是 2,5-二甲基-4-乙基庚烷。(2)编号错,取代基编号之和应最小,故不正确。应是 2,5-二甲基-3-乙基己烷。(3)取代基顺序写错,应由简到繁,故不正确。应是 2,4-二甲基-3-乙基己烷。(4)主链选错,故不正确。这类结构简式很容易弄错主链碳原子数和写错取代基位置,最好化为较直观的 然后命名,应是 2,3,3,4-四甲基-4-乙基庚烷。

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