2019高考化学三轮冲刺专题3.7原电池类选择题解题方法和策略.doc

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1、1专题 3.7 原电池类选择题电化学类试题是高考的必考点,在多数省市的选择题中考查,少数以化学反应原理在大题中考查。通查考查电极反应方程式的书写、电子电流以及离子的流动方向的判断、有关电子转移数目、产物的量和电极增减量等的相关计算。原电池的考查是近几年考查的热点,通常考查可充电电池中充电和放电两个过程的分析,新型燃料电池等。在复习过程中学会分析几种典型模型,重点训练电极反应方程式的书写,结合近几年的高考题训练,灵活运用。 【详 解】【点睛】本题考查了化学电源、新型电池的知识,是高频考点,侧重考查学生分析问题的能力,明确电池放电时正负极与充电时的阴阳极电极反应式的关系是本题解答的关键,电子流动区

2、域及离子移动区域的区别是学生易混淆之处。电化学类试题具有很强的规律性和策略性, 在解题过程中需要不断总结,归纳。1、池型判断2(1)根据概念:原电池是将化学能转化为电能,电解池是将电能转化为化 【详解】2科学家很早就提出锂-空气电池的概念,它直接使用金属锂作电极,从空气中获得 O2,和以 LiFePO4作电极的锂离子电池相比,增大了电池的能量密度(指标之一是单位质量电池所储存的能量) 。右图是某种锂-空气电池的装置示意图,放电时,下列说法不正确的是A金属锂为负极B若隔膜被腐蚀,不会影响该电池正常使用C多孔碳电极上发生的电极反应为:O 2 + 2H2O + 4e- = 4OH-D锂-空气电池能量密度大的原因之一是转移等量电子时,金属锂比 LiFePO4质量小【答案】B【解析】【分析】通过原电池的工作原理进行分析。【详解】3【点睛】本题难点是选项 B,学生弄不清楚选项 B 是否正确,因为忽略了锂是碱金属,能与水反应,隔膜破损后,锂与水发生反应,不符合该电池设计原理。需要学生平时对基础知识熟记和学会运用。

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