2019高考数学大二轮复习专题2函数与导数第2讲综合大题部分真题押题精练文.doc

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1、1第 2 讲 综合大题部分1. (2017高考全国卷)已知函数 f(x)ln x ax2(2 a1) x.(1)讨论 f(x)的单调性;(2)当 a0,故 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增若 a0;12a当 x( ,)时, f( x)0;当 x(1,)时, g( x)0 时, g(x)0.从而当 a0;2 2当 x(1 ,)时, f( x)0)因此 h(x)在0,)单调递减而 h(0)1,故 h(x)1,所以 f(x)( x1) h(x) x1 ax1.当 00( x0),所以 g(x)在0,)单调递增而 g(0)0,故 ex x1.当 0(1 x)(1 x)2,(1 x)(1 x)2 ax1 x

2、1 a x x2) x(x2 x a1),取 x0 ,则 x0(0,1),(1 x0)(1 x0)2 ax010,5 4a 12故 f(x0) ax010,即 f(x0)ax01.当 a0 时,取 x0 ,则 x0(0,1),5 12f(x0)(1 x0)(1 x0)21 ax01.综上, a 的取值范围是1,)3(2018高考全国卷)已知函数 f(x) .ax2 x 1ex(1)求曲线 y f(x)在点(0,1)处的切线方程;(2)证明:当 a1 时, f(x)e0.解析:(1) f( x) , f(0)2. ax2 2a 1 x 2ex因此曲线 y f(x)在(0,1)处的切线方程是2x

3、 y10.(2)证明:当 a1 时, f(x)e( x2 x1e x1 )e x.令 g(x) x2 x1e x1 ,则 g( x)2 x1e x1 .当 x1 时, g( x)0, g(x)单调递减;3当 x1 时, g( x)0, g(x)单调递增所以 g(x) g(1)0.因此 f(x)e0.1. 已知函数 f(x)ln x ax (aR)a 1x(1)当 a1 时,求曲线 y f(x)在点(1, f(1)处的切线方程;(2)当 a 时,讨论函数 f(x)的单调性12解析:(1)当 a1 时, f(x)ln x x, x(0,),所以 f( x) 1, f(1) 12,1x 11f(1)

4、ln 111,故曲线 y f(x)在点(1, f(1)处的切线斜率为 2,切线方程为y12( x1),即 y2 x1.(2)因为 f(x)ln x ax ,a 1x所以 f( x) a (x(0,)(不可忽视函数的定义域)1x a 1x2 ax2 x a 1x2令 g(x) ax2 x a1( x(0,),当 a0 时, g(x) x1,而 x0,所以 g(x)0, f( x)0,所以 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增当 a0 时, g(x)( ax1 a)(x1) a(x )(x1)a 1a(i)当 a0,a 1a当 x(0, )时, g(x)0, f( x)0,a 1a故函数 f(x)在(0,

5、 )上单调递增,a 1a当 x( ,)时, g(x)0,所以 f( x)0,即 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增(iii)当 a1 时, 0,a 1a故当 x(0,)时, g(x)0,所以 f( x)0,即 f(x)在(0,)上单调递增(iv)当 a1 时, 0,a 1a当 x(0, )时, g(x)0, f( x)0,a 1a故函数 f(x)在( ,)上单调递增a 1a综上,当 a1 时,函数 f(x)在(0, )上单调递减,a 1a在( ,)上单调递增a 1a2设函数 f(x) ax32 x2 x c.(1)当 a1,且函数图象过(0,1)时,求函数的极小值;(2)若 f(x)在(,)上无极值

6、点,求 a 的取值范围解析: f( x)3 ax24 x1.(1)函数图象过(0,1)时,有 f(0) c1.又 a1,则 f(x) x32 x2 x1,f( x)3 x24 x1,令 f( x)0,则 x1.13令 f( x)0,则 x1 或 x0,13当 x( ,1)时, f( x)0,所以当 x 时, f(x)取得极大值,为13 m,当 x1 时, f(x)取得极小值,为527m1.(2)画出 f(x)和 y1 的大致图象如图由图象可以看出,要使曲线 y f(x)与直线y1 有三个不同的交点,则 m1, m12(xln x)解析:(1)因为 f(x) ,exx所以 f( x) , f(2

7、) ,exx exx2 ex x 1x2 e24又切点为(2, ),所以切线方程为e22y (x2),即 e2x4 y0.e22 e24(2)设函数 g(x) f(x)2( xln x) 2 x2ln x, x(0,),exx则 g( x) 2 , x(0,)ex x 1x2 2x ex 2x x 1x2设 h(x)e x2 x, x(0,),则 h( x)e x2,令 h( x)0,则 xln 2.当 x(0,ln 2)时, h( x)0.所以 h(x)min h(ln 2)22ln 20,故 h(x)e x2 x0.令 g( x) 0,则 x1. ex 2x x 1x2当 x(0,1)时, g( x)0.所以 g(x)min g(1)e20,故 g(x) f(x)2( xln x)0,从而有 f(x)2(xln x)7

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