(课标通用)安徽省2019年中考化学总复习实验粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除课件.pptx

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1、实验 粗盐中难溶性杂质的去除,【实验仪器】铁架台(带铁圈)、烧杯、量筒、玻璃棒、石棉网、蒸发皿、漏斗、胶头滴管、托盘天平、坩埚钳、酒精灯。 【实验步骤】,【注意事项】,【误差分析】,特别提醒除去粗盐中杂质的主要操作是过滤。过滤之后若滤液仍然浑浊,要重新过滤。,例题(2018辽宁本溪中考)某化学兴趣小组做粗盐中难溶性杂质去除的实验,实验过程如图所示。(1)步骤的名称是 。 (2)步骤中,玻璃棒的作用是 。 (3)步骤中,当观察到蒸发皿内出现 时,停止加热。 (4)将氯化钠与泥沙分离所采用的方法,利用了氯化钠具有 的性质。,答案 (1)溶解 (2)引流 (3)较多固体 (4)易溶于水 解析 (1)

2、根据粗盐提纯的步骤是溶解、过滤、蒸发,所以步骤的名称是溶解;(2)玻璃棒在过滤操作中的作用是引流;(3)在蒸发操作中,当观察到蒸发皿内出现较多固体时,停止加热;(4)20 时,氯化钠的溶解度是36 g,易溶于水,所以将氯化钠与泥沙分离所采用的方法,利用了氯化钠具有易溶于水的性质。,拓展设问 (5)实验过程中发现步骤过滤两次后滤液仍然浑浊,可能的原因是 。 (6)实验结束时发现测得的纯度偏高,可能是 (填字母序号)。 A.溶解时加水过多 B.蒸发过程中液滴飞溅 C.蒸发后所得精盐很湿 D.蒸发皿上有精盐残余,答案 (5)滤纸破损、液面高于滤纸边缘或盛接滤液的仪器不干净 (6)C,解析 (5)实验过程中发现过滤两次滤液仍然浑浊,可能的原因是滤纸破损、液面高于滤纸边缘或盛接滤液的仪器不干净。(6)A项,溶解时加水过多,不会影响计算的结果;B项,蒸发过程中液滴飞溅,会导致氯化钠的纯度偏小;C项,蒸发后所得精盐很湿,会使精盐的质量偏大,使测得的纯度偏高;D项,蒸发皿上有精盐残余,会导致氯化钠的纯度偏小。,

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