1、1Module 9 Great inventions词句精讲精练词汇精讲1. borrow; lend和 keep(1) borrow是“借进” ，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于 borrow sth. from sb. / somewhere结构，意为“从某人/某地借来某物” 。例如：He borrowed a lot of money from the bank. 他从银行借了很多钱。May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？You can borrow the book from the library. 你可以从图书馆借这本书。(2) lend是“ 借
2、出” ，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于 lend sth. to sb. 或 lend sb. sth.结构中，意为“借给某人某物” 。例如：I dont like to lend my TV set to Tom. 我不想把电视机借给 Tom。(3) keep 意为“保存” ，是延续性动词，borrow 是瞬间动词，如果与一段时间连用，要用 keep代替 borrow。例如：Can I keep the book a little longer? 我借这本书的时间能长点吗？2I have kept the book for two weeks. I will return it to
3、 the library this afternoon.这本书我已经借了两周了，今天下午我要把它还给图书馆。2. look throughlook through是动副结构，意为“浏览，仔细地看” 。其后接名词或代词，但代词需放在 look和through的中间。另外，look through 还有“透过看”之意。例如：Before the meeting, I looked through the reports. 会议前，我浏览了报告。The boy is looking through the window of his house. 那个男孩正透过他家的窗户看。【拓展】look 的相关
4、短语：look up(在字典、参考书中)查询所需的信息look for寻找look over(医生)仔细检查look around 环顾四周look after照看look at 看look down on 看不起3. as a resultas a result意为“作为结果；因此” ，通常单独使用。例如：As a result, the discussion was put off until the following week. 结果，讨论被推迟到了下星期。He fell off the bike and hurt his leg yesterday. As a result, he
5、had to be away from school for two months. 昨天他从自行车上掉了下来，摔伤了腿。因此他不得不休学两个月。He didnt practice, and as a result, he lost. 他没有练习，所以输了。3【拓展】as a result of意为“因为；由于的结果” ，后接名词或名词性短语，表示原因。例如：He was late as a result of the heavy snow. 他迟到是由于大雪所导致的。As a result of warning, nobody was hurt. 由于得到了警告，因此没有人受伤。4. in
6、a wayin a way意为“从某种意义上说，从某种程度上说，从某一点来看” ，是介词短语。例如：In a way，it is an important book. 在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。The work is well done in a way. 从某种程度上说，这项工作做得不错。【拓展】(1) in the way有“挡路；妨碍，阻碍”的意思。例如：Sorry, you are in the way. 对不起，你挡路了。Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社交生活妨碍了学业。(2) on the way 意为“在去
7、某地的路上” 。例如：On the way to the station，I bought some chocolate. 在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。(3) by the way意为“顺便说一声” 。例如：By the way，have you seen Harry recently？顺便说一句，你最近见过 Harry吗？5. imagineimagine是动词，意为“想象，推测” ，后面可接名词、代词、宾语从句、复合宾语，常用于结构：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事。例如：We cant imagine what China will be like in the fut
8、ure. 我们无法想象将来中国是什么样子。I cant imagine leaving all my friends. 我无法想象离开我所有的朋友。4No one can imagine what would happen next. 没有人能想象出下一步会发生什么。6. by hand by hand意为“用手的，亲自的；手工” ，是介词短语。例如：Rice farmers here still plant and harvest their crops by hand. 这里种植水稻的农场主仍是手工种植和收割庄稼。The dish was made of silver, beaten ou
9、t by hand. 这盘子是银制的，是手工打造的。 The letter was delivered by hand.那封信是派专人送去的。【拓展】by the hand意为“牵手，拉手，握手” 。例如：He clasped his old friend by the hand. 他紧紧地握住老朋友的手. He took Dickson by the hand to lead him into the house. 他牵着迪克森的手把他领进屋。 7. more and more more and more意为“越来越多；越来越” 。例如：More and more people are gi
10、ving up smoking.戒烟的人越来越多了。The play gets more and more exciting in the last few scenes.这出戏在最后几场中越来越激动人心。【拓展】more and more 是“比较级+and+比较级”的结构，这种结构表示“越来越” 。例如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 5天气变的越来越暖和了。He runs faster and faster. 他跑的越来越快了。She looks more and more beautiful. 她看起来越来越漂亮了。8. allow
11、sb to do sthallow是动词，意为“允许，准许” ，常用于 allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.“允许做” 。例如：My parents dont allow me to smoke. 我的父母不允许我抽烟。We dont allow eating in the classrooms. (我们)不允许在教室吃饭。Her boss doesnt allow her to use the telephone. 她的老板不允许她使用电话。9. put up（1）put up 是由“动词+副词”构成的动词短语，意为“张贴；公布” 。例如:
12、 The principal put up the exam result.校长公布了这次考试的结果。（2）put up 意为“提高；增加；抬高(租金、价格等)” 。例如 ： My landlord was threatening to put the rent up by 10 dollars a week.我房东要挟说要把每周房租提高 10美元。【拓展】(1)“动词加副词”构成的短语，如果宾语是名词时，宾语可以放在副词之前，也可以放在副词之后。例如：Please take the book away. = Please take away the book。请把这本书拿走。I put my
13、 coat on. = I put on my coat. 我穿上了我的外套。(2)“动词加副词”构成的短语，如果宾语为代词时，宾语只能放在副词之前。例如： I dont like the book. Please take it away. 我不喜欢这本书，请把它拿走。 （不能说 Please take away it.） I took out my coat and put it on. 6我拿出了外套，把它穿上。 （不能说 put on it）10. at a time at a time意为“每次；一次” ，强调具体的某一次，常用于“数词+at a time”的结构中。例如：Let y
14、our listener answer one question at a time.让你的听众一次回答一个问题。He checked them off one at a time as they came in.他们进来时，他一个一个地核对。She reads books for hours at a time. 她常常看一看书就是几个小时。【拓展】at times意为“有时；不时；间或” ，强调这种事不止一次，不时都会发生的。例如：I like Bob but hes very annoying at times. 我喜欢鲍勃，但是他有时也很烦人。 She calls on me at t
15、imes. 她有时来看我。 词汇精练I. 英汉互译。1. 张贴 _ 2. on ones way to _3. 浏览_ 4. 由制成_5. at a time _ 6. by hand_7. 结果_ 8. hear from _9. allow sb. to do_ 10. 代替；取代_II. 根据首字母或汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. I dont think books can be r_ by computer.72. Scientists disagree about how the universe was _(创造).3. She was told not
16、 to _(传播) this secret around.4. He worked hard at his study. As a r , he passed the exam easily.5. If you have to lend the camera to anyone, tell them to use it p (正确地).6. Please p up the pictures on the wall.7. If you want to know more information about our company, you can visit our w .8. Please t
17、 on the light. Its too dark in the room.9. The young baby must be kept a from fire.10. Always read the （说明书）before you start taking the medicine. III. 从方框中选出适当的词语，并用其正确形式完成下列句子。lend; be used for; thousands of; borrow; in a way; at a time; be made of; look through; instead of ; by hand1. I can _ you
18、the book, but you should return it to me next Monday.2. Do you often _ books from your school library?3. _ I agree with you.4. Men have been making music for_ years.5. Tents can _ classrooms after an earthquake.6. It is helpful for us to _ the newspaper.7. Please take this medicine two pills _.8. Th
19、e workers are too tired in the factory. All work was done _.9. _lending a hand, he laughed at us.10. Our desks _wood.参考答案I. 英汉互译。81. put up 2. 在往的路上 3. look through 4. be made of/from 5. 一次，每次 6. 手工（制造） 7. as a result 8. 收到的来信 9. 允许某人做 10. instead ofII. 根据首字母或汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺。1. replaced 2.
20、 created 3. spread 4. result 5. properly6. put 7. website 8. turn 9. away 10. instructions III. 从方框中选出适当的词语，并用其正确形式完成下列句子。1. lend 2. borrow 3. In a way 4. thousands of 5. be used for 6. look through 7. at a time 8. by hand 9.Instead of 10. are made of 句式精讲1. Paper and printing have been used for age
21、s.(1) be used for意为“被用来做” ，介词 for表示用途，后接名词或动名词。例如：A pen is used for writing. 钢笔是被用来写字的。(2) be used as意为“被用作” ，介词 as表示“作为” 。例如：English is used as the second language in many countries. 英语在许多国家被当作第二语言使用。(3) be used by意为“被使用” ，介词 by后面接动词的执行者。例如：English is used by travelers and business people all over
22、the world. 英语被全世界旅行者和商人们使用。2. Whats more, they save a lot of paper.whats more意为“而且；更重要的是；更有甚者” ，用于进一步说明情况，表示递进，可以放在句中，也可以放在句首。例如：9He is going to set up a hospital; whats more, he is going to set up an old peoples home. 他打算建一家医院，而且他还打算建立一家养老院。He took part in the activity, whats more, he learnt a lot.
23、 他参加了这次活动，更重要的是，他从中学到了很多知识。3. The internet is more powerful than books.more后接多音节形容词或副词，构成比较级，表示对两者进行比较，意为“比更” 。如： He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。 Travelling by train is more relaxing than driving. 乘火车旅行比开汽车轻松得多。【拓展】（1）morethan表示“比更多” ，此时 more为 many或 much的比较级，表示数量，后接名词。例如： I made more m
24、istakes than you. 我犯的错误比你多。 Hes got more money than the rest of us together. 他的钱比我们大家的加在一起的总数还多。 【注意】若 more受 much或 many的修饰，则应分别与不可数和可数名词连用。例如： His car cost much more money than mine. 他的小汽车所花的钱比我的多得多。 There are many more people than we expected. 这里的人比我们想象的要多得多。（2）morethan表示“与其说不如说” ，此时不是对两个对象进行比较，而是对
25、同一个人或物在两个不同方面进行比较或取舍，此时不论形容词或副词是单音节、双音节还是多音节，一律用 morethan。例如： He is more lucky than clever. 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。 He was more frightened than hurt. 他伤倒不算什么，可受惊不小。4. I havent used it since your mums birthday. 10since可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。例如：She has been ill since last weekend. 她自从上周末就病了。She has been in
26、Wuhan since four years ago. 自从四年前她就在武汉。【拓展】since还可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。例如：I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。5. As a result, there were not many books, and they were expensive.本句中 not many表示部分否定。(1) 在英语里有一些用来表示“全体”或“
27、完全”意义的总括词，如 all, every(及 everybody, everything等)，both，always，quite，wholly，altogether 等，凡含有这些词的否定句并非表示全部否定，而是部分否定。如要表示全部否定需用 neither, none等。例如：Not all the ants go out for the food. 并非所有的蚂蚁都外出觅食。Money is not everything. 金钱并不是一切。(2) 表示部分否定的形式：1) 直接把否定词 not放在被否定的词之前。例如：Not all birds can fly. 并不是所有的鸟都会飞。
28、Not both children are clever. 两个孩子不都聪明。We are not altogether interested. 我们并不完全感兴趣。2) 用 not来否定谓语。例如：I cant catch everything in the book. 我没有完全掌握书的内容。All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。3) 除了上述两种常见的形式外，部分否定还有其他表现形式。例如：She cant sing and dance. 她并非既会唱歌又会跳舞。6. Will books be replaced by the Internet
29、? Lets wait and see.will be replaced by 是一般将来时的被动语态，表示“被取代，被代替” 。被动语11态是动词的一种特殊形式，表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被” 、 “受” 、 “给”等词来表示被动意义。例如： He was elected chairman.他被选为主席。被动语态由“be过去分词”构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do为例，常用时态的被动语态形式为： (1) am/is/are +done一般现在时 Visitors are requested not to touch the e
30、xhibits. 参观者们被要求不能去触摸展品。(2) was/were done 一般过去时 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.我有十分钟的时间去决定是否拒绝这个提议。 (3) shall/will be done 一般将来时 Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes. 如果工厂关闭，将会失去数以百计的工作。 句式精练I. 句型转换，每空一词。1. We can send mails on the Internet. (改为被动句
31、)Mails _ _ _ on the Internet.2. We can borrow books from the library. (改为被动句)The books can _ _ from the library.3. I have received his letter. (改为被动句)His letter _ _ _.4. The radio has been turned on by him. (就划线部分提问)_ _ _ _ _ by him?5. You have finished your work.(改为一般疑问句)12_ _ _ your work?II. 完成句子，
32、每空一词。1. 我想我们应该去散步，而不是待在家里。I think we should go for a walk _ _ staying at home.2. 你经常上网浏览吗？Do you often _ _ the Internet?3. 每次你可以从图书馆借两本书。You can borrow two books from the library _ _ _.4. 大明今天早上起晚了，结果误了校车。Daming got up late this morning. _ _ _, he missed the school bus.5. 更重要的是，在中国，教师获得越来越多的尊重。_ _,
33、teachers are respected more and more in China.6.我已经把图片挂在墙上了。I _ _ _ the pictures on the wall.7. 在将来，书将会被电脑代替。Books _ _ _ by computers in the future.8. 我们常常把党比作太阳。We often _ our Party _ the sun.9. 你知道这些纸是丝制的吗？Do you know that the paper _ _ _ silk?10.我昨天收到了汤姆的来信。I _ _ Tom yesterday.III.把下列句子改为同义句，每空一词
34、。 1. I will take care of your son.13Your son will _ _ _ _ by me.2. My hometown has changed greatly in the last two years.Great changes _ _ in my hometown in the last two years.3. You should hand in the homework at once.Your homework should _ _ in at once.4. My mother has given Tony a present for Chr
35、istmas.Tony _ _ _ a present for Christmas by my mother.5. We havent been told what to do next.We havent been told what _ _ _ next.IV. 补全对话。AMaybe light bulbs(灯泡) are the most useful inventionsBWhat kind of book do you want to borrow?CGreat inventions have changed the world a lotDWhy do you think so?
36、EWhat do you think the most useful invention is?A：Where are you going，Tony?B：The libraryI want to borrow some booksA： 1 B：About inventionsYou know I have to prepare for the science lessonA： 2 And we humans are really greatB：Thats truePeople have made lots of inventionsA： 3 B：Sorry，Im not sure 4 14A：
37、I dont agreeIn my opinion, cars are the most usefulB： 5 A：Because I can go anywhere quickly and conveniently in my car参考答案I. 句型转换，每空一词。1. can be sent 2. be borrowed 3. has been received 4. What has been turned on 5. Have you finishedII. 完成句子，每空一词。1. instead of 2. look through 3. at a time 4. As a result 5. Whats more 6. have put up 7. will be replaced 8. compare, to 9. is made from 10. heard fromIII.把下列句子改为同义句，每空一词。 1. be taken care of 2. have happened 3. be handed 4. has been given 5. we should do IV. 补全对话。1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D
