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1、1第 1 节 气体实验定律(第 1 课时)压强的计算1求图 4110 中被封闭气体 A 的压强其中(1)、(2)、(3)图中的玻璃管内都装有水银,(4)图中的小玻璃管浸没在水中大气压强 p076 cmHg.(p01.0110 5 Pa, g10 m/s2, 水 110 3 kg/m3)图 4110答案 (1)66 cmHg (2)71 cmHg (3)81 cmHg(4)1.13105 Pa解析 (1) pA p0 ph76 cmHg10 cmHg66 cmHg.(2)pA p0 ph76 cmHg10sin 30 cmHg71 cmHg.(3)pB p0 ph276 cmHg10 cmHg8

2、6 cmHgpA pB ph186 cmHg5 cmHg81 cmHg.(4)pA p0 水 gh1.0110 5 Pa110 3101.2 Pa1.1310 5 Pa.玻意耳定律的基本应用2一个气泡由湖面下 20 m 深处缓慢上升到湖面下 10 m 深处,它的体积约变为原来体积的( )A3 倍 B2 倍 C1.5 倍 D0.7 倍答案 C解析 气泡缓慢上升过程中,温度不变,气体等温变化,湖面下 20 m 处,水的压强约为 2 个标准大气压(1 个标准大气压相当于 10 m 水产生的压强),故 p13 atm, p22 2atm,由 p1V1 p2V2,得: 1.5,故 C 项正确V2V1 p

3、1p2 3 atm2 atm3一定质量的气体,压强为 3 atm,保持温度不变,当压强减小了 2 atm,体积变化了 4 L,则该气体原来的体积为( )A. L B2 L C. L D3 L43 83答案 B解析 设原来的体积为 V1,则 3V1(32)( V14),得 V12 L.p V 图象或 p 图象1V4下图中, p 表示压强, V 表示体积, T 为温度,各图中正确描述一定质量的气体发生等温变化的是( )答案 AB解析 A 图中可以直接看出温度不变;B 图说明 p ,即 pV常数,是等温过程;C 图1V是双曲线,但横坐标不是体积 V,不是等温线;D 图的 p V 图线不是双曲线,故也不是等温线.

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