1、1专题四 词义猜测类题目命题特点利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义。常见设问方式：(1)The word “.” refers to.(2)The underlined phrase means.(3)By saying “.” we mean.(4)The expression “.” stands for.(5)have the closest meaning.(6)In other words.考查重点(1)生词的语境猜测。(2)词组及短语的指代。方法技巧(1)利用上下文、构词法，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词复述、对比进行判断；(2)利用定语从句、同位语从
2、句等进行判断；(3)根据关联词，如 but，while，however，not only.but also 等进行判断；(4)利用构词法前缀、后缀、合成词进行判断。Passage 1I still remembermy hands and my fingers still rememberwhat used to lie in store for us on our return to school from the holidays. The trees in the school yard would be in full leaf again and the old leaves wou
3、ld be lying around like a muddy sea of leaves.“Get that all swept up！” the headmaster would tell us. “I want the whole place cleaned up, at once！” There was enough work there, to last over a week. Especially since the only tools with which we were provided were our hands, our fingers, our nails. “No
4、w see that its done properly, and be quick about it， ” the headmaster would say to the older pupils, “or youll have to 2answer for it！”So at an order from the older boys we would all line up like peanuts about to cut and gather in crops. If the work was not going as quickly as the headmaster expecte
5、d, the big boys, instead of giving us a helping hand, used to beat us with branches pulled from the trees. In order to avoid these blows, we used to bribe(贿赂) the older boys with the juicy cakes we used to bring for our midday meal.And if we happened to have any money on us, the coins changed hands
6、at once. If we did not do this, if we were afraid of going home with an empty stomach or an empty purse, the blows were redoubled. They hit us so violently and with such evil enjoyment that even a deaf and dumb person would have realized that we were being whipped not so much to make us work harder,
7、 but rather to beat us into a state of obedience(服从) in which we would be only too glad to give up our food and money.Occasionally one of us, worn out by such calculated cruelty, would have the courage to complain to the headmaster. He would of course be very angry, but the punishment he gave the ol
8、der boys was always very smallnothing compared to what they had done to us. And the fact is that however much we complained, our situation did not improve in the slightest. Perhaps we should have let our parents know what was going on, but somehow we never dreamed of doing so; I dont know whether it
9、 was loyalty or pride that kept us silent, but I can see now that we were foolish to keep quiet about it, for such beating is completely foreign to our nature.【语篇解读】 本文为记叙文。文中作者回忆了早年读书期间，假期返校清除落叶的一段经历。1The statement “my hands and my fingers still remember” (Para.1) means that “_”Athe authors hands w
10、ere severely injured in the cleaning upBthe author seldom did such hard work as the cleaning upCthe author was bullied by the big boys in the cleaning upDthe authors hands were his only tool for the cleaning解析：作者一开始用了两个“remember”表明他对假期返校要清除落叶一事记忆深刻。第二段提到自己在为学校清除落叶时没有别的工具，唯一的工具就是手，由此可推断“手和指尖都记得”是因为在大
11、扫除中，作者的手作为唯一的清洁工具受了不少的罪。答案：D32The headmaster would tell the students to clean up the school yard at the beginning of the term because_Ahe was too lazyBthere were many fallen leaves on the groundCthe school yard was covered with mudDthe students didnt finish their homework解析：第一段最后一句提到假期过后学校会堆满落叶，第二段校
12、长发布了让学生大扫除的命令，两者之间的因果关系显而易见，因此本题应选 B 项。答案：B3The headmaster asked the older boys to_Abeat those who worked slowlyBtreat the small boys as peanutsCtake charge of the process of the cleaningDdo the cleaning all by themselves解析： 第二段最后一句，特别是其中的“see” ，表明校长让大孩子们做大扫除的“监工” ，负责带领其他孩子们把学校打扫干净。这也可以从该句的“.or youl
13、l have to answer for it！(否则你们就要为此负责)”看出答案为 C 项。答案：C4According to Para.3, if the author had any money on him, he most probably_Agave it to the big boys so as to please themBgave it as a bribe to the headmasterCspent it all on his midday mealDspent it buying midday meals for the big boys解析：第三段第四句中的“.t
14、he coins changed hands at once.”可理解为“钱马上就会易主” ，即钱到了大孩子们的口袋里，由此可知选 A 项。答案：A5When receiving complaints, the headmaster would deal with the big boys by means of _Aslight punishment Bharsh criticismCcomplete indifference Dgood beating解析：根据题干中的 complaints 可定位到最后一段开头两句。该段第二句表明校长对大孩子们的惩罚很轻，因此本题应选 A 项。答案：A4
15、Passage 2The 30 miles of steep roads that snake through the mountains of Logan Canyon in Utah are enough to make most drivers hands sweat. But Andersen, a 46yearold father of four, wasnt expecting any trouble on the road last New Years Eve, when he set off for a ski trip to the Bear River Mountains
16、with nineyearold daughter Mia, fouryearold son Baylor, and nineyearold neighbour Kenya. Andersen had driven through the Canyon hundreds of times over the years. The weather was fine，but the higher they drove, the more slippery the roads became. Rounding a sharp Uturn at mile marker 473, Andersen saw
17、 a truck that had skated off the road and immediately tapped his brakes. In an instant, the car was sliding at 25 miles per hour towards the shoulder of the highway, then rolling down a steep tenfoot dam towards the extremely cold Logan River. As it hit the water, the car tipped towards the passenge
18、r side, hesitated, and then rolled onto its roof and sank into the river. There was no time to tell the kids what to do. The crash had broken a few windows, and within seconds, the upsidedown car was filled with water. “It was frightening how fast we were completely underwater， ” remembers Andersen,
19、 a softspoken product development manager. “Youre thinking, is this how its all going to end？”Having lost all sense of direction, Andersen began to search the freezing water for the kids. Mia had been right next to him in the front seat; now, in the blackness, he couldnt find her. I thought， “If I d
20、ont get out, maybe none of us are going to get out.” Andersen got out of his seat belt, swam through a broken window, and, deeply and quickly, breathed air at the surface. Thats when he saw a group of men, about ten in all, appear at the top of the dam. One after another, they raced down into the wa
21、ter. Helping onto safety all the three children, they began to shout at the father, “Who else is in the car？” Andersen says respectfully, “It_was_like_the 型 sight of angels_(天使). ”【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了 Andersen 开车带三个孩子上盘山公路时遭遇车祸并死里逃生的故事。1What might be the main reason for the car accident?AThe sharp Uturn.B
22、The steep dam.5CThe sudden brake.DA truck hitting the car. 解析：由第二段第二句“Rounding a sharp Uturn at mile marker 473, Andersen saw a truck that had skated off the road and immediately tapped his brakes.”可知是急刹车导致了这一次事故。答案：C2Andersen didnt expect any trouble on the road because _Ahe was familiar with the r
23、oadBhe was good at drivingChis hands didnt have sweatDthe weather was fine解析：由第一段最后一句“Andersen had driven through the Canyon hundreds of times over the years.”可知 Andersen 在 Canyon 山路上开了成百上千次车，所以，他应该是对这条路非常熟悉。答案：A3What can be learned from the last paragraph?AAndersen lost conciousness in the water.BS
24、trangers helped Andersen out of the car.CAndersen liked Mia most among the children.DStrangers teamed together to save the three children. 解析：由最后一段“Thats when he saw a group of men, about ten in all, appear at the top of the dam.One after another, they raced down into the water.Helping onto safety a
25、ll the three children.”可知，陌生人成群结队地去救三个孩子。答案：D4The underlined sentence is to express Andersens feeling of being_Atired BexcitedCdoubtful Dgrateful解析：由最后一句话中 Andersen 把他们比喻成天使，可知他应该对营救他们的人心存感激。答案：D5Which of the following can be the best title of the text?AStay calm when in trouble6BDrive rounding a Ut
26、urnCMiracle rescue from an icy riverDMystery of the Bear River Mountains解析：纵观全文可知本文主要介绍了在冰河中，大家营救车祸中的三个孩子和一位父亲的故事，故 C 项为最佳选项。答案：CPassage 3Scientists have not found any signs of life on Mars yet, but they say a robotic vehicle called “Curiosity” is helping them learn a lot about the planets history a
27、nd climate.Curiosity landed on Mars in August 2012 after travelling through space for more than eight months. It was sent to Mars by scientists from NASA in the United States.Curiosity is about the size of a car and has six wheels. It also has a robotic arm, cameras, and instruments that allow it to
28、 examine things it finds on the surface. Then it sends the information back to the earth.Curiositys main task is to find out if anything could live on Mars, either now or in the past. On Nov. 2, NASA scientists held a press conference (新闻发布会) to discuss what Curiosity had found in its first two mont
29、hs on Mars.Curiosity has found soil that is similar to the sand formed by volcanoes (火山) on the earth. Scientists say that studying the minerals in Martian soil will help them understand what conditions were like on the planet in the past. Curiosity also found smooth stones like the ones found on ri
30、ver beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water. Mars is very cold and dry now, but scientists say the smooth stones tell them that a river used to run through the place where they were found.Curiosity has been testing the atmosphere around Mars for a type o
31、f gas called methane (甲烷), but so far it has not found any. On the earth, most methane is produced by plants or animals. Methane on Mars might indicate that some type of tiny plants or animals lived there.Curiosity is the fourth robotic vehicle to be sent to Mars. It will continue to explore the pla
32、net for about two years.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了“好奇号”机器人探索火星的最新情况。71Which of the following descriptions about Curiosity is TRUE?AIt landed on Mars in January 2012.BIt is small in size and has four arms.CIt took over eight months to arrive in Mars.DIt was sent to Mars by scientists from Russia.解析：根据第二段
33、的“.after travelling through space for more than eight months.”可知答案。答案：C2According to the information sent back by Curiosity, scientists believe that_Atheres no air on MarsBMars is warm and wet nowCthe soil on Mars is richDthere used to be water on Mars解析：根据第五段中的“Curiosity also found smooth stones li
34、ke the ones found on river beds and seashores on the earth, where their rough edges have been worn down by water.”可直接得出答案。答案：D3The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refers to“_” Asmooth stones BriversCrobotic vehicles Dvolcanoes解析：根据第五段最后一句可知答案。答案：A4We know from the sixth paragraph that_Asome ti
35、ny animals once lived on MarsBthere are no plants or animals on Mars nowCthe atmosphere around Mars is full of methaneDCuriosity is designed to test the atmosphere around the earth解析：根据第六段可知，如果有甲烷，就表示火星上有植物或动物存在的可能。但是“好奇号”到现在为止都没有在火星上找到甲烷，可见火星上至少现在是没有植物或动物的。答案：B5What is the main idea of the passage?
36、AHumans benefit a lot by going to Mars.8BScientists will stop the research on Mars soon.CIt is possible to build an earthlike environment on Mars.DA robotic vehicle helps scientists get useful information from Mars.解析：根据文章的第一段可知答案。答案：DPassage 4Increased use of the Internet and mobile phones is under
37、mining pupils capacity for independent study and promoting poor grammar.Cranfield School of Management found almost 6 in 10 schoolchildren were copying information directly from websites for homework tasks without properly reading it.More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice, even th
38、ough they know it was considered plagiarism (剽窃)The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils aged from 11 to 18 at a secondary school in the Midlands, raised fresh concerns that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people.Andrew Kakabadse, Professor of International Manage
39、ment Development at Cranfield, said, “Our research shows that technology obsession prevents spelling skills, encourages plagiarism, and disturbs classroom learning.”“Despite school policies restricting mobile phone usage, students use the phone frequently, with the majority making calls from the toi
40、lets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day.”The report revealed that socalled “textspeak” was increasingly finding it was into pupils school work.3 in 10 students admit to using text message shortcuts, such as “r u ok” in essays and classroom
41、tasks.It followed a study earlier this year that found almost half of teachers failed to understand some pupils writing because it was so full of confusing language. Phrases such as “innit” and “Gr8” were regularly found in school work. The Cranfield study found that mobile use was so common that ma
42、ny pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones.9More than a third said they would use their phones in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call.【语篇解读】 使用互联网和手机的学生越来越多了。可是，科技不仅给学生们带来了便捷，也给他们的学习带来了很多不利影响。1The underlined word “und
43、ermining” in the first paragraph can best be replaced by “_”Adetermining BkeepingCweakening Dincreasing解析：根据第二、三两段可知，靠照搬网上资料完成家庭作业，实际上是一种抄袭，会影响学生的独立学习能力。undermine 是“逐渐损害，削弱”的意思，故此处选 C。 答案：C2It can be inferred from what Kakabadse said that _Ahe is in favour of students mobile phone usage at schoolBhe
44、 believes schools are responsible for technologyobsessionCthe research finds a new way to improve school managementDit is hard to limit students mobile phone usage at school解析：根据第六段第一句的“.with the majority making calls from the toilets.”和第二句“The mobile phone.the school day.”可推出，限制学生在学校使用手机是很困难的。答案：D3
45、What can we learn from the passage?AMost students writing skills are becoming worse.BText message language may affect pupils language skills.CStudents like to invent new words in their writing.D30% of pupils often send text messages whenstudying.解析：根据第七至九段可知，短信语言可能会给学生的语言技能带来不利影响。答案：B4The passage is
46、 mainly about _Athe negative effect of technology on students studyBtechnologys positive influence on students achievement10Cthe importance of online social communicationDthe rapidly growing role of communicationtechnologies解析：文章的第一段就点明了文章的大意“高科技的使用对孩子的学习有不好的影响。”故选 A。答案：A5Whats the attitude of the a
47、uthor to the problem?AOptimistic. BApproving.CAnxious. DTolerant.解析：从文章的字里行间可以看出作者对学生使用高科技产品(诸如手机之类)持忧虑态度。故答案为 C。答案：CPassage 5As computers become more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly relying on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, t
48、hey may end up forgetting the exact strokes(笔画)of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.Do you write by hand more or type more? In Beijing, students start using a computer as early as the primary school. And computer dependence
49、is more widespread among university students. Almost all their assignments and essays are typed on a computer.All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. Its faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And thats why computers are being applied more and more often to modern education. But when people are t
