2018年中考化学真题分类汇编2我们身边的物质考点12金属和金属材料2具体金属钠(无答案).doc

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1、1考点 12 金属和金属材料(18 盐城)19.(13 分)盐城盛产海盐。某化学兴趣小组同在市场购到粗盐,带回实验室进行提纯。(1)在溶解、过滤、蒸发操作中,均用到的玻璃仪器是 (填仪器名称)。(2)配制 50g 质量分数为 6%的 NaCl 溶液,需称量 NaCl 固体 g。若用粗盐配制上述溶液,则所配溶液中的 NaCl 质量分数会 (填“偏大”、“偏小”或“无影响”)。探究活动:以 NaCl 为原料可以制取金属钠。兴趣小组同学认为 Na 是活泼金属,能与 CuSO4等盐溶液反应,生成相应 的金属单质。【提出问题】Na 与 CuSO4溶液反应,是否有 Cu 生成?【设计实验】兴趣小组同学在老

2、师的指导下,设计右图装置进行实验。.向大试管中加入一定体积煤油。.用小刀切一小块钠,放入大试管中,塞上橡皮塞。.打开活塞,通过长颈漏斗向试管中加入 CuSO4溶液,使煤油的液面升至胶塞,关闭活塞,观 察现象。【实验现象】(1)Na 在煤油与溶液交界处上下来回振动,表面产生气泡,逐渐变小直到消失。(2)溶液颜色逐渐变淡,有蓝色絮状沉淀和少量黑色固体生成。(3)找开活塞,用燃着的木条放在尖嘴管口处,气体被点燃。【查阅资料】Na 通常存放在煤油中 煤油不溶于水且与水反应)2Na+2H 2O=2NaOH +H2 Cu(OH) 2加热 CuO+H2O【实验分析】(1)根据上述信息,可获知金属钠的物理性质是 (答出一点即可)(2)实验中长颈漏斗的作用 (填数字序号)便于添加 CuSO4溶液 收集气体 防止压强过大冲开活塞(3)对于产生的气体,有些猜想是 H2,有些同学猜想是 SO2。小组经过讨论,排除了 SO2的理由是 。经过进一步实验,确认气体是 H2。(4)将反应后的混合物上,向滤渣滴加足量的稀硫酸,滤渣完全溶解。写出滤渣与稀硫酸反应的化学方程式 (写出一全即可)【实验结论】Na 与 CuSO4溶液反应无 Cu 生成,原因可能是 。【定量分析】另取一定量上述 CuSO4溶液,完成下列实验。利用数据,计算无色溶液的溶质质量分数(写出计算过程,滴入的酚酞溶液质量忽略不计)

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