1、 LABORATORY TEST PROCEDURE PRODUCT ENGINEERING NUMBER: LTP.EF.350 DATE: 10/02 PAGE: 1 of 12 NAME : Total Friction Coefficient Determination (GES) using the Force and Torque versus Angle Curve for fasteners Determinao do Coeficiente de Atrito Total (GES) a partir da curva Fora Tensora e Torque versus
2、 ngulo, em elementos de fixao 1. Description This procedure describes the test methodology necessary to determine the Total Friction Coefficient (GES) using the “Force and Tightening Torque x Angle” Curve. The scope is to calculate the tribologycs characteristics of the coating fasteners in the elas
3、tic region. 1. Descrio Este procedimento descreve sucintamente a metodologia necessria para a determinao do Coeficiente de Atrito Total (GES) a partir Curva “Fora Tensora e Torque x ngulo”, com o objetivo de se calcular as caractersticas tribolgicas do revestimento de elementos de fixao, na regio el
4、stica. 2. References To elaborate this procedure was used the Users Guide of the equipment DTT - Torque/ Tension System, from Metalac, a subsidiary company of SPS Technologies, and the following international standards: a) DIN946; Determination of coefficient of friction of bolt/nut assemblies under
5、 specified conditions. 2. Referncias Na elaborao deste procedimento utilizou-se alm das especificaes internacionais abaixo assinaladas, o Manual do Usurio e de Referncia do equipamento DTT - Determinador Torque/ Tenso, fabricado pela Metalac: a) DIN946; Determination of coefficient of friction of bo
6、lt/nut assemblies under specified conditions. b) VDI 2230; Systematische Berechnunghochbeanspruchter Schraubenverbindungen Zilindrische Einschraubenverbindungen. b) VDI 2230; Systematische Berechnung hochbeanspruchter Schraubenverbindungen Zilindrische Einschraubenverbindungen. c) GMW 14C-PT; Non-El
7、ectrolytically Applied Zinc Rich Coating. c) GMW 14 C-PT; Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Rich Coating. d) GMW 3359; Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Rich Coating. d) GMW 3359; Non-Electrolytically Applied Zinc Rich Coating. APPROVED BY: Roberto Garcia REVISION: PAGE 2 of 12 LTP.EF.350 e) GMW 304
8、4; Zinc Plating. e) GMW 3044; Zinc Plating. f) GME 00150; Bolted Joints. f) GME 00150; Bolted Joints. g) GME 00255-F; Zinc Phosphate with Metal Pigmented and/or Organic Coating. g) GME 00255-F; Zinc Phosphate with Metal Pigmented and/or Organic Coating. 3. Definitions 3.1 Force: Force value for whic
9、h results in the respective Tightening Torque (or vice-versa). 3. Definies 3.1 Fora Tensora: Valor da Fora para o qual resulta no respectivo Torque (ou vice-versa). 3.2 Tightening Torque: Tightening Torque value for which results in the respective Force (or vice-versa). 3.2 Torque: Valor do Torque p
10、ara o qual resulta na respectiva Fora ( ou vice-versa ). 3.3 Thread Torque: Torque value at Thread of the fastener. 3.3 Torque na Rosca: Valor do Torque encontrado na Rosca do elemento de Fixao. 3.4 Under Head Torque: Torque value at Under Head of the fastener. 3.4 Torque na Cabea: Valor do Torque e
11、ncontrado na Cabea do elemento de Fixao. 3.5 Torque Factor (k): Value of the torque Factor, which is the relationship between the Force and Tightening Torque, in respect to the nominal diameter of the fastener. 3.5 Fator de Torque (k): Valor do Fator de Torque, que a relao entre a Fora Tensora e o T
12、orque, para o dimetro nominal do elemento de fixao. 3.6 Thread Friction Coefficient (G): Thread Friction Coefficient value due to the coating of the fastener. 3.6 Coeficiente de Atrito na Rosca (G): Valor do Coeficiente de Atrito na Rosca, inerente ao revestimento, na Rosca do elemento de fixao. 3.7
13、 Under Head Friction Coefficient (K): Thread Friction Coefficient value due to the coating of the fastener. 3.7 Coeficiente de Atrito na Cabea (K): Valor do Coeficiente de Atrito na Cabea, inerente ao revestimento do elemento de fixao. 3.8 Efficiency (): Efficiency value of the tightening process du
14、e to the Thread Friction Coefficient (G) 3.8 Rendimento (): Valor do Rendimento do processo de aperto, funo exclusiva do Coeficiente de REVISION : LTP.EF.350 PAGE 3 of 12 and the geometric values of the fastener. Atrito na Rosca (G) e das dimenses do elemento de fixao. 3.9 Total Friction Coefficient
15、 (GES): Total Friction Coefficient value due to the coating of the fastener. Note: The above parameters are consolidated in a Table, as showed in the Figure 01. 3.9 Coeficiente de Atrito Total (GES): Valor do Coeficiente de Atrito Total, inerente ao revestimento no elemento de fixao. Nota: Os parmet
16、ros acima citados so consolidados em uma tabela, como mostrado na Figura 01. 4 Test Equipment Torque / Tension System, model 300, with the following ranges of: a) Torque = 10 to 300 Nm; b) Force = 10 to 100 kN. 4. Equipamento de Ensaio Determinador Torque / Tenso, modelo 300, com as seguintes faixas
17、 de leituras: a) Torque = 10 a 300 Nm; b) Fora = 10 a 100 kN. Note: According to the ranges showed above, it is only possible to determine the Curve of Force and Tightening Torque x Angle for range of fasteners among M6 to M14 (and theirs similar in the dimensions not metric system). Nota: De acordo
18、 com as faixas acima mostradas, s possvel determinar a Curva Fora Tensora e Torque x ngulo para elementos de fixao compreendidos entre M6 a M14 (e seus similares nas dimenses no mtricas). 5. Development of the Test Method 5.1 Number of Test The number of tests to have a good analysis regarding the s
19、catter is at least 7 (seven). In case of there are not enough samples available, the minimum number of samples shall be 3 (three). 5. Desenvolvimento do Mtodo de Ensaio 5.1 Nmero de Ensaios O nmero de ensaios, para uma boa anlise quanto disperso, deve ser de no mnimo 7 (sete). Caso no haja amostras
20、suficientes, o nmero mnimo de amostras dever ser de 3 (trs). 5.2 Procedure 5.2.1 Select the icon for the program and hit “Enter”. 5.2 Procedimento 5.2.1 Selecione o cone referente ao programa e tecle “Enter”. 5.2.2 Type the user name and the password. 5.2.2 Digite o nome do usurio e a senha. 5.2.3 C
21、lick on option bottom from configuration bar, locate at the screen top. 5.2.3 Clicar no boto opes da barra de configuraes, localizado na parte superior horizontal. 5.2.4. The system setup: Follow the Users Guide of the equipment. The items below are will take the pages that have to be look 5.2.4 Con
22、figuraes do sistema: Seguir as instrues do manual do usurio e referncia do DTT. Os itens abaixo iro REVISION : PAGE 4 of 12 LTP.EF.350 up, as well the mandatory set up referent of this LTP. The set up do not describe below shall be according to Users Guide of the equipment. mencionar as pginas a ser
23、 consultada, bem como configurao obrigatria ao teste referente a esta LTP. As configuraes no descritas abaixo devem estar de acordo com o manual. 5.2.4.1 In the folder “General” (page 10) Type in the field “Enterprise” the phrase “General Motors do Brasil”. 5.2.4.1 Na pasta “Geral” (Pgina 10) Digite
24、 no campo “Empresa” a frase “General Motors do Brasil”. 5.2.4.2: In the folder “Tests” (pages 10 to 11). Type in the field “% CPGM” the value 98. 5.2.4.2 Na pasta “Ensaios” (Pginas 10 a 11). Digite no campo “% CPGM o valor “98”. 5.2.4.3: In the folder “Unit” (page 12) Choose in the field “Force Unit
25、” the unit KN Choose in the field “Torque” the unit Nm. 5.2.4.3 Na pasta “Unidade” (Pgina: 12) Escolha no campo “Fora” a unidade KN Escolha no campo “Torque” a unidade Nm. 5.2.4.4: In the folder “Motor” (page 12) Select as “Rotation Squeeze” the value of 5 rpm. Select as “Rotation Unfasten” the valu
26、e of 30 rpm. 5.2.4.4 Na pasta “Motor” (Pgina 12) Selecione como “Rotao de Aperto” o valor de 5 rpm. Selecione como “Rotao de Desaperto” o valor de 30 rpm. 5.2.4.5: In the folder “DAQ” (pages 12 to 13). Click on “DAQ Test”. Note: This step verify if the “Spider” is turned on. Click on “Advanced” and
27、then on “Tare” button. Note: This step unset the triple cell. 5.2.4.5 Na pasta “DAQ” (Pginas 12 a 13). Clicar em “Teste DAQ” Nota: Esta etapa verifica se o “Spider” esta conectado. Clique em “Avanado” e em seguida no boto “Tara”. Nota: Esta etapa zera a clula tripla. 5.2.5 Click on the “Pieces and T
28、ests”. 5.2.5 Clique no boto “Peas e Ensaios”. 5.2.6 Select the piece in the field code (or click on New and type the data regarding the fields: code, customer and the geometries of the fastener and save this configuration). The geometric factors shall be in agreement with the tested parts (nominal v
29、alues). 5.2.6 Selecione a pea no campo cdigo (ou clique em Novo e digite os dados referentes aos campos: cdigo, cliente e as geometrias do fixador e salvar). Os fatores geomtricos devero estar de acordo com a pea ensaiada (valores nominais). 5.2.7 Click on the folder “Tests” and select the “Q.C.Numb
30、er” which refers to the batch to be tested. Then click on “Details” (or click on “New” and type in the “CQ” and 5.2.7 Clique na pasta “Ensaios” e selecione o “Nmero CQ” ao qual pertence o lote a ser ensaiado. A seguir clique no boto Detalhes (ou clique em Novo e digite o CQ REVISION : LTP.EF.350 PAG
31、E 5 of 12 data of this new batch). If necessary, change the test data by clicking on button “Change”. If it is not necessary click on “Graphics” folder Note: “Q.C.Number” and “No. Sample” fields are obligatory the filled out. e dados deste novo lote). Se necessrio altere os dados de ensaio clicando
32、no boto “Alterar”. Caso no seja necessrio clique na pasta “Grficos”. Nota: Os campos “No.CQ” e “No.Amostras” so de preenchimento obrigatrio. 5.2.8 Select the curve Force-Torque -Angle , that will be take as curve to be viewed during the test in the “Type” field and click once on the “Start” button.
33、Select also “Sqeeze” in the “Curves” field. 5.2.8 Selecione a curva Fora -Torque - ngulo , que ser usada como curva a ser visualizada durante o ensaio, no campo “Tipo” e clique uma vez no boto “Iniciar”. Selecione tambm “Aperto” no campo “Curvas”. 5.2.9 Verify if the mechanical assembly of the cell,
34、 frontal and back part, is according to illustrated on photos 1 to 10. The field “Ductibility Test” must be selected. Click on “Start Test” button, note that the motor will tighten the test specimen up to a certain stop condition. After test has finished the system asks the operator if test will be
35、saved or not. Note: In emergency situation hit “Esc” button to interrupt the test. 5.2.9 Verifique se a montagem mecnica da clula, parte frontal e parte traseira, est de acordo com o ilustrado nas fotos 1 a 10. O campo “Ensaio de Ductibilidade” deve estar selecionado. Clique no boto “Incio de Ensaio
36、”; verifique que o motor ir apertar o corpo de prova at atingir uma determinada condio de parada. Aps o trmino do ensaio, o sistema perguntar ao operador se deseja salvar ou no o ensaio. Nota: Em caso de emergncia teclar “Esc” para interromper o teste. 5.2.10 The results of the test can be arranged
37、as described in the item 4.2.2 (pages 21 to 31) of the Users Guide of the equipment. Being Clicked on the right side button of the mouse over the graph is possible to see complementaries information of made test. 5.2.10 Os resultados do ensaio podem estar dispostos conforme descrito no item 4.2.2 (p
38、ginas de 21 a 31) do manual do usurio e referncia do DTT. Clicando-se no boto do lado direito do mouse sobre o grfico pode-se visualizar informaes complementares do teste realizado. 5.2.11 To start a new test included in the same sampling, repeat the instructions from the item 5.2.8. 5.2.11 Para ini
39、ciar um novo ensaio da mesma amostragem repetir as instrues a partir do item 5.2.8. Note: Before beginning a new test, the Thread Insert should be clean through an appropriate screw tap and just after the screw tap passage use air Nota: Antes de iniciar um novo teste, o Inserto Roscado deve ser limp
40、o atravs de um macho apropriado e logo aps a passagem do macho REVISION : PAGE 6 of 12 LTP.EF.350 stream for final cleaning. The Conical Plate, Seat Plate and Mountain Plate should also be free from imperfections and dirts. utilizar ar comprido para limpeza final. A Placa Cnica, Placa de Assentament
41、o e Placa de Fixao tambm devem estar isentas de imperfeies e sujeiras. 5.3 Expression of Results The results from the Curve Force and Tightening Torque x Angle, as showed in the Figure 02, are calculated by the “software” in the equipment DTT the parameters definitions the item3. 5.3 Expresso de Res
42、ultados Com os resultados da Curva Fora x Torque x ngulo, como mostrado na Figura 02, so calculados pelo “software” instalado no equipamento DTT os parmetros definidos no item 3. 5.4 Report The test report shall include the following particulars: a) All details necessary to complete identification o
43、f the tested sample; b) The results and their scatter (where applicable); c) The values of the Total Friction Coefficient (GES). 5.4 Relatrio O relatrio de ensaio deve incluir os seguintes itens: a) Todos os detalhes necessrios para a completa identificao da amostra ensaiada; b) Os resultados e sua
44、disperso (onde for aplicvel); c) Os valores do Coeficiente de Atrito Total (GES). REVISION : LTP.EF.350 PAGE 7 of 12 Figure 01 Figura 01 REVISION : PAGE 8 of 12 LTP.EF.350 Figure 02 Figura 02 REVISION : LTP.EF.350 PAGE 9 of 12 Montagem mecnica / Mechanical assembly. Vista traseira / Back view. Photo
45、1: The Thread Insert shall be mounted in the Insert Support. Foto 1: O Inserto Roscado deve ser montado no Porta Inserto. Photo 2: The Insert Support shall be mounted in the back of load cell. Note: Do not use any wrench to tight the bolts Foto 2: O Porta Inserto deve ser montado na parte traseira d
46、a Clula de Carga. Nota: No use chaves para apertar os parafusos Montagem mecnica / Mechanical assembly Vista frontal / Front view Photo 3: Front of Load Cell. Foto 3: Frente da Clula de Carga. Photo 4: Insert the Conical Plate in the Load Cell. Foto 4: Insira a Placa Cnica na Clula de Carga. REVISIO
47、N : PAGE 10 of 12 LTP.EF.350 Photo 5: Insert the Seat Plate in the Conical Plate. Foto 5: Insira a Placa de Assentamento na Placa Cnica. Photo 6:Tight the two bolts of Mounting Plate. Note: Do not use any wrench to tight the bolts. Foto 6: Aperte os dois parafusos da Placa de fixao. Nota: No use cha
48、ves para apertar os parafusos. Photo 7: Tight the test specimen in the Thread Insert. Note: The Test Specimen (bolt) shall be engaged at least 6 threads in the thread insert. Foto 7: Aperte o corpo de prova no Inserto Roscado. Nota: O corpo de Prova (Parafuso) deve estar engajado no mnimo 6 filetes
49、de roscado no inserto roscado. Photo 8: Set the socket wrench. Note: The socket wrench must not lean in the Seat Plate (screws that do not have flange, example hexagonal head). Foto 8: Ajuste a chave soquete. Nota: A chave soquete no deve encostar na Placa de Assentamento (parafusos que no tem flange, exemplo cabea sextavada). REVISION : LTP.EF.350 PAGE 11 of 12 Photo 9
