2019版高考数学二轮复习专题二函数与导数专题对点练7导数与不等式及参数范围文.doc

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1、1专题对点练 7 导数与不等式及参数范围1.已知函数 f(x)= x2+(1-a)x-aln x.(1)讨论 f(x)的单调性;(2)设 a0,此时 f(x)在(0, + )内单调递增;若 a0,则由 f(x)=0得 x=a,当 0a时, f(x)0,此时 f(x)在(0, a)内单调递减,在( a,+ )内单调递增 .(2)不妨设 x1 x2,而 a0;2 2当 x( -1+ ,+ )时, f(x)0),因此 h(x)在0, + )内单调递减,而 h(0)=1,故 h(x)1,所以 f(x)=(x+1)h(x) x+1 ax+1.当 00(x0),所以 g(x)在0, + )内单调递增,而

2、g(0)=0,故 ex x+1.当 0(1-x)(1+x)2,(1-x)(1+x)2-ax-1=x(1-a-x-x2),取 x0= ,则 x0(0,1),5-4-12(1-x0)(1+x0)2-ax0-1=0,故 f(x0)ax0+1.当 a0 时,取 x0= ,则 x0(0,1), f(x0)(1-x0)(1+x0)2=1 ax0+1.5-12综上, a的取值范围是1, + ).3.解 (1)因为 f(x)=ax2-(3a+1)x+3a+2ex,所以 f(x)=ax2-(a+1)x+1ex.3所以 f(2)=(2a-1)e2.由题设知 f(2)=0,即 (2 a-1)e2=0,解得 a=.(

3、2)(方法一)由(1)得 f(x)=ax2-(a+1)x+1ex=(ax-1)(x-1)ex.若 a1,则当 x 时, f(x)0.所以 f(x)在 x=1处取得极小值 .若 a1,则当 x(0,1)时, ax-1 x-10.所以 1不是 f(x)的极小值点 .综上可知, a的取值范围是(1, + ).(方法二)由(1)得 f(x)=(ax-1)(x-1)ex.当 a=0时,令 f(x)=0,得 x=1.f(x),f(x)随 x的变化情况如下表:x (- ,1) 1 (1,+ )f(x) + 0 -f(x) 极大值 f (x)在 x=1处取得极大值,不合题意 .当 a0时,令 f(x)=0,得

4、 x1=,x2=1. 当 x1=x2,即 a=1时,f(x)=(x-1)2ex0,f (x)在 R上单调递增,f (x)无极值,不合题意 . 当 x1x2,即 01时, f(x),f(x)随 x的变化情况如下表:x (-,1) 1 (1,1)1 (1,+ )f(x) + 0 - 0 +f(x) 极大值 极小值 f (x)在 x=1处取得极小值,即 a1满足题意 .当 a0,故 f(x)在(0, + )单调递增 .若 a0;(0,- 12)当 x 时, f(x) 0;当 x(1, + )时, g(x)0时, g(x)0 .从而当 a0时,ln +10,(- 12)+12即 f(x) - -2.34

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