1、1Unit 18 Beauty李仕才一、阅读理解。Can exercise during childhood protect you against memory loss many decades later? Exercise early in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain，in rats at least.“This is an animal study，but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very importantnot just for p
2、hysical development，but for the whole lifelong track of cognitive(认知的)development during ageing， ”says Martin Wojtowicz of the University of Toronto，Canada. “In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)，possibly to the point of preventing it.”Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young m
3、ale rats into two equal groups，and placed running wheels in the cages of one group for a period of six weeks.Around four months laterwhen the rats had reached middle agethe team taught all the rats to connect an electric shock with being in a specific box.When placed in the box，they froze with fear.
4、Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situations：exactly the same box in the same room，the same box with the room arranged differently，and a completely different box in a different room.The rats without access to a running wheel when they were young now froze the same percentage of times
5、 in each of these situations，suggesting they couldnt remember which one was dangerous.But those that had been able to run in their youth froze 40 to 50 percent less in both changed box settings.“The results suggest the amount of physical activity when were young，at least for rats，has influence on th
6、e brain and cognitive healthin the form of better memorieswhen were older， ” says Arthur Kramer of Northeastern University in Boston，who has found that，in humans，exercise promotes the growth of new brain cells.1The study shows that _.Aphysical activity is important for physical healthBusing the runn
7、ing wheels is of benefit to the rats growthCphysical activity can prevent humans Alzheimers diseaseDthe more exercise a rat has when young，the better memory it will possess when older22How are Paragraph 3 and 4 mainly developed?ABy analyzing causes.BBy giving an example.CBy describing the process.DB
8、y showing differences.3What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AExercise. BDevelopment.CBenefit. DStudy.4What is the authors attitude towards the animal study?ANegative. BObjective.CCritical. DDoubtful.【解题导语】本文为说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。1D 考查细节理解。根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exercise ear
9、ly in life seems to have lifelong benefits for the brain, in rats at least”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。故选 D项。2C 考查写作手法。根据第三段的“Wojtowiczs team divided 80 young male rats into two equal groups.Around four months later.they froze with fear”和第四段的“Two weeks later，the team tested the rats in three situa
10、tions”可知，本文第三、四段描述了 Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。C 项意为“通过描述过程” ，故选C项。A 项意为“通过分析原因” ；B 项意为“通过举例子” ；D 项意为“通过展示不同点” 。这三项均不符合第三、四段的发展脉络。3A 考查代词指代。根据第二段的“but it shows that physical activity at a young age is very important”及“In humans，it may delay the appearance of Alzheimers disease(阿尔茨海默病)”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说
11、，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。因此“it”在文中指的是“physical activity” ， A 项与其同义，故选 A项。4B 考查观点态度。通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。B 项意为“客观的” ，故选B项。二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。Every city has a particular smell, which enriches the 61._ (imagine) of many a tourist.Vienna is no different.Th
12、ere 62._ (be) 3plenty of smells on little streets, roads and squares, during the night and during the day.When you have got some time to spend in Vienna, it is wonderful to walk through the city just 63._ (catch) some smells on your way.Hot sausages steam in the pots behind the stands where they 64.
13、_ (sell)Don t think you can avoid smells in a tram, 65._ most popular form of transport in Vienna! Imagine going on a tram when 66._ (sudden) someone enters, holding a slice of pizza in his hands.A strong aroma (香气) spreads through the tram, heads turn around straight away and you absorb the delicio
14、us smell 67._ your nose.You discover at once that you are 68._ (hunger)Well, there are a lot of restaurants in Vienna 69._ you can fight against thisfeeling.There you can find an accumulation of the best aromas, particularly in the city centre.Barbecue, fish, curry, and come on in! Just think of the
15、 smells 70._ (come) up from the plates and from the kitchen.What excellent bait (诱惑) to attract guests inside the restaurant!61imagination 解析：考查名词。设空处前有 the限定，且意为“想象力” ，故填名词 imagination。62are 解析：考查主谓一致。设空处所在句是 There be句型，且由 plenty of smells及语境可知，此处应填 are。63to catch 解析：考查不定式作状语。设空处作目的状语，且 you(隐含)与 ca
16、tch之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填 to catch。64are sold 解析：考查时态语态。they 指代 Hot sausages，且与 sell之间是被动关系，再结合主句时态可知应填 are sold。65the 解析：考查定冠词。形容词最高级前应加定冠词 the。66suddenly 解析：考查副词。设空处修饰整个句子，故填副词 suddenly。67with 解析：考查介词。此处意为“用鼻子闻” ，故填 with。68hungry 解析：考查形容词作表语。设空处作表语，且意为“饥饿的” ，故填hungry。69where 解析：考查关系副词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰 resta
17、urants，且在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。70coming 解析：考查动词ing 形式作定语。smell 与 come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且 come所表示的动作正在发生，故填 coming。三、短文改错。4假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10处，多者(从第 11
18、处起)不计分。(2017南宁检测)In general, visitors dont have much difficulty know where to buy things in Britain.Most shops sell that you would expect them to.Many large supermarkets were selfservice.When you enter in one of these shops, you take a basket and put the things you wish to buy into them.If anyone tr
19、ies to take things from a shop without paying, they are almost certainly to be caught.Most shops have store detective who have the job of catching shoplifters. Shoplifting is considering a serious crime in Britain.When waiting to be served, its important that you would wait your turn.Many people fro
20、m overseas are astonished at British habit of queueing.答案：In general, visitors dont have much difficulty where to buy knowknowingthings in Britain.Most shops sell you would expect them to.Many large thatwhatsupermarkets selfservice.When you enter one of these shops, you take a wereare inbasket and p
21、ut the things you wish to buy into .If anyone tries to take themitthings from a shop without paying, they are almost to be caught.Most certainlycertainshops have store who have the job of catching shoplifters. detectivedetectivesShoplifting is a serious crime in Britain.When waiting to be served, co
22、nsideringconsideredits important that you wait your turn.Many people from overseas are wouldshouldastonished at British habit of queueing. 四、七选五。根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多5余选项。History is a record of what has happened in the past. 1 The really fascinating thing is that much of history has
23、 been repeated time and again. It allows us to learn from the past, both the mistakes made and the successes achieved. One of the benefits of history is reading how other people both famous and totally unknown have overcome tremendous challenges in their life. These challenges, although particular t
24、o a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey the same thing. 2 3 He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the modern day light bulb. He could be held out as an example of a person who never gave up. 4 However, he
25、did not let those failures stop him. He had a dream and he just kept trying different things until he did reach success. Or, consider the story of Abraham Lincoln who managed to become President of the United States even though he suffered many setbacks and personal losses. Most of us only realize t
26、he success of Mr Lincoln becoming President. 5 His life was not an easy one. His story is one that motivates us to keep moving forward no matter what obstacles we have in life. A. History has a lot of influence on us. B. Take for example the story of Thomas Edison. C. History has some very unique qu
27、alities about it. D. I am sure he was discouraged by his many failures. E. They convey wisdom in their short stories of perseverance. F. Few of us knew about the many challenges he had to overcome. G. Only those with courage to face challenges can hope to live their dreams. 【文章大意】本文讲述历史对我们的生活是如何进行指导
28、的。1. 【解析】选 C。根据上文提到 “History is a record of what has happened in the past. 历史就是对过去发生事情的记录, ”以及下一句内容可知应选 C。 “历史有一些独一无二的特质” 。62. 【解析】选 E。根据上文提到 “These challenges, although particular to a person, or to a certain time in the past, or occurring in a different country or culture, all convey the same thin
29、g. 虽然对于某个人来说, 或者对于过去的某个特定时间来说, 或者对于发生在一个不同的国家或文化中的事情来说, 这种挑战是很独特的, 但都表达相同的内容”, 故选 E“它们同样传达了智慧。 ”是对上一句的详细说明。3. 【解析】选 B。根据下文提到“He encountered many failures while on the road to finally inventing the modern day light bulb. 他经历很多的失败才最终发明了现代的电灯”, 故选 B“以爱迪生的故事为例” 。4. 【解析】选 D。根据下文 “However, he did not let
30、those failures stop him. ”但是他没有让那些失败阻止过他”, 是对上文的转折。故选 D“我肯定他也对多次的失败气馁过” 。5. 【解析】选 F。根据上文提到“Most of us only realize the success of Mr Lincoln becoming President. 许多人只看到林肯成为总统”, 故选 F“我们却很少有人知道他必须克服的众多困难” 。五、书面表达。(2017山西省 3月质量检测)假如你是李华，你的英国朋友 Edward正在学习汉语，希望你推荐一个适合他学习汉语的网站。请你根据以下内容，给他回复邮件。推荐网站： 网站内容：1.
31、中文情景对话、中国风俗、中文电影、中文歌曲、成语和唐诗等；2有在线教师答疑解惑。注意：1.词数 100左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。Dear Edward，Im more than pleased to know that you are learning Chinese.Id like to recommend to you._7_Yours，Li HuaOne possible version：Dear_Edward，Im_more_than_pleased_to_know_that_you_are_learning_Chinese.Id_
32、like_to_recommend__to_you. Its a good website for nonChinese speakers who are learning Chinese, especially for beginners.Firstly, it provides you with a variety of online courses, such as Chinese idioms，dialogues and customs.Besides，it will help you learn Chinese in interesting and effective ways.Here you can learn to sing some Chinese songs, enjoy Tang poems and watch Chinese movies.More importantly, there are teachers online whom you can turn to for help.And all this is free of charge.I hope you will find this website attractive and helpful.Wish you a happy learning time!Yours，Li_Hua
