1、12019 牛津译林高考英语一轮基础选习题：模块 6U2李仕才一、阅读理解。Wild elephants can tell whether a voice comes from a man，a woman or a boy，a new study says.Thats what researchers found when they played recordings of people for elephants in Kenya.Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown
2、.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt.The result shows that the clever animals are also studying people，said study author Karen McComb.“Basically，they have developed this very rich knowledge of the humans that they share their habitat with， ” said McComb，a professor at the Unive
3、rsity of Sussex in England.“Memory is key.They must build up that knowledge somehow.”The study was released on Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Its close to but not quite like the Dr.Seuss book，where the elephant Horton hears something that others cant hear.McComb and co
4、lleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Kenya，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.The scientists used voice recordings of Maasai men，who on occasion kill elephants，and Kamba men，who are less of a threat to the elephants.As a result，the
5、 elephants reacted more defensivelyretreating and gathering in a bunchto the Maasai language recording because it was associated with the more threatening human tribe，said study coauthor Graeme Shannon.They repeated the experiment with recordings of Maasai men and women.Since women almost never spea
6、r elephants，the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices.The same thing happened when they substituted young boys voices.“Making this kind of fine distinctions in human voice patterns is quite remarkable， ” said Emory University animal cognition expert Frans de Waal，who was not part of
7、the study.1Who were the people taking part in the study?AFrans de Waal and Karen McComb.BDr.Seuss and Graeme Shannon.CGraeme Shannon and Frans de Waal.DKaren McComb and Graeme Shannon.22What can wild elephants benefit from their special ability?AIdentifying and avoiding possible danger.BGrowing much
8、 faster than any other animals.CHaving a better understanding of humans.DDeveloping their language skills.3Which can replace the underlined word“substituted”in the last paragraph?Adistinguished BrepeatedCused Dcompared4What does the passage mainly talk about?AWild elephants can distinguish human lan
9、guages.BThe conflict between humans and wild elephants is growing.CWild elephants use language skills to make discrimination.DWild elephants can build up good memory and learn tricks.【解题导语】研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音，它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁。【难句分析】McComb and colleagues went to Amboseli National Park in Keny
10、a，where hundreds of wild elephants live among humans，sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water.分析：这是一个复合句。where 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；sometimes coming in conflict over scarce water 作伴随状语。译文：McComb 和同事去了位于肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园，在那里有成百上千头野象与人类一起生活，他们有时因为水资源匮乏而发生冲突。1D 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“study author Karen McCo
11、mb”和第六段中的“study coauthor Graeme Shannon”可知，Karen McComb 和 Groeme Shannon 都参加了研究，故选 D 项。2A 考查推理判断。根据文章第一段中的“Scientists say this is an advanced thinking skill that other animals havent shown.It lets elephants figure out who is a threat and who isnt”可知，这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁，这样它们可以避免可能的危险，故 A 项是正确的
12、。3C 考查词义猜测。画线词所在句中的“The same thing happened”指的是前一句中的“the animals reacted less defensively to the womens voices” ，画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应，说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音，选 C项。4A 考查主旨大意。根据文章第一句“Wild elephants can tell whether a voice 3comes from a man，a woman or a boy”和全文内容可知，野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄，故选 A 项(野象能
13、够区分人类的语言)。二、单项选择。1.Youd better take a pen when you go to the meeting _ there is something important to write down.A. as if B so as to C in order to D. in case【答案】D。【解析】BC 选项后接动词原形，故排除。as if 引导方式状语从句，in case 意为“以防”可以用来引导目的状语从句。句意：去开会时你最好带上钢笔，以防有什么重要的东西可以记下来。2.By the time scientists _ the fundamental
14、structure of dark matter, Im sure that man _ amazing advances in science.A. figure out, has made B. will figure out, will makeC. figure out, will have made D. will figure out, will be making【答案】C【解析】句意：到科学家们弄清楚暗物质的基本结构时，我肯定人类将已经在科学上取得了惊人的进步。by 表示“到为止”引导时间状语从句常与完成时连用，主句的谓语用将来完成时态，时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。23.
15、Sharon, why is the man so upset now?His wallet, mobile phone and ID card _, the police are investigating and will send him to a social assistance station.A. was stolen B. stolen C. being stolen D. having stolen【答案】B【解析】非谓语动词独立主格结构。逻辑主语“His wallet, mobile phone and ID card”与动词“steal”存在逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词
16、。句意： “莎伦，那人现在为何那么郁闷？” “他的钱包、手机以及身份证被盗。警方正在调查并会把他送到一家社会救助站去。 ”4._ before bed, cellphones can result in a restless night.A. To use B. Using C. Used D. Having used4【答案】C【解析】句意：睡前使用手机，会导致睡眠质量下降。cellphones 与 use 是动宾关系，即使用手机，应该用过去分词表被动，排除 A、B、D，本句可改写为：If cellphones are used before bed, they can result in
17、a restless night.。25.The parents do everything we can _ their daughter with good education, so that she will get a good job in the future.A. provide B. providing C. provided D. to provide【答案】D【解析】句意：那对父母做了他们能做的一切为他们的女儿提供良好的教育，为了她以后能得到一份好工作。原句应为：The parents do everything we can do to provide their da
18、ughter with good education.所以选 D。6.As Chinas villages meet modernity, with such conveniences as the flushing toilet, the Internet and personal carownership, some traditions are being left by the wayside, only _ in memory.A. remained B. remaining C. to be remained D. being remained【答案】B【解析】句意：随着中国农村步
19、入现代化，冲水马桶、网络和私家车等便利到来，一些传统留在人们的记忆里。现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，remain 一词表示“遗留”时为系动词，故没有被动形式。7.Will you please tell us how you can seize the robbers?I will spend a whole week _ in your room to wait for their coming.A. locking B. to lock C. locked D. to be locked【答案】C【解析】 过去分词短语作状语。 根据句意“把自己关在你的房间里度过一周的时间” ， 即
20、lock myself in yourroom，lock 与主语 I 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示方式。句意： “请问告诉我您怎样才能抓住强盗呢?” “我把自己关在你房间里一个礼拜，等待他们的到来(就抓住他们了)。 ”8._ by the sad story of the child, many people offered to lend him a helping hand.5A. Being affected B. Having affected C. Affected D. To affect【答案】C【解析】许多人因受感动而伸出援助之手，故用 affect 的过去
21、分词作状语，表示被动和完成。句意：许多人因受那个男孩悲惨故事的感动，主动伸出了援助之手。9._ the teenage brain, the expert decided to write a book about how to help teenagers fight against attention problems.A. To explore B. Having explored C. Exploring D. Having been explored【答案】B【解析】逗号后面分词的逻辑主语 expert 与 explore 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且 explore 所表示的动作发
22、生在谓语动词 decided 所表示的动作之前，因此用现在分词的完成式作状语。句意：在探究了青少年的大脑之后，这位专家决定要写一本关于如何帮助青少年与注意力方面的问题作斗争的书。10.The storm _, they had to live in a cave.A. has destroyed their hut B. to destroy their hutC. having destroyed their hut D. being destroyed【答案】C【解析】这是分词的独立主格结构句。分词的完成式表示其动作发生在主句动作之前， 根据句意可知，暴风雨毁掉草屋在前，故 C 是答案。句
23、意：风暴摧毁了他们的茅舍，所以他们不得不住在洞里。11.Mr Muite refused to talk to them except _ in the company of his legal colleagues, therefore the police officers departedA. in terms of B. in company of C. in favor of D. in view of【答案】B【解析】in the company of 在陪同下。句意：缪特先生拒绝在没有其律师同事陪同的情况下和他们说话，于是警察们就离开了。12.Teddy came to my _
24、 with a check of $ 200 to pay my room rate, after I told him that my wallet had been stolen.A. attendance B. Assistance C. rescue D. safety【答案】B【解析】句意：我告诉特迪我的钱包被偷了后，他带着 200 美元的支票来帮我付了房租。6come to ones assistance 为固定搭配， “来支援(或帮忙)某人” ，符合句意。attendance 出席，到场；rescue 援救，解救；safety 安全。13.You see the lightnin
25、g _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant【答案】A【解析】句意：闪电一发生你就看见闪光，但过一会儿才听到雷声。instant 瞬间，刹那，比 moment 所指的时间更短，但用法与 moment 基本一致。the instant 一就，引导时间状语从句，符合题意。for an instant 一瞬间；on the instant 立即；in an instant 立刻，马上。14.I was late thi
26、s morning because my alarm clock failed to _.A. turn off B. go after C. go off D. switch off【答案】C【解析】 句意： 我今天早晨迟到了， 是因为我的闹钟没响。 turn off 关掉； go after 追赶， 追求； 谋求； go off(闹钟)发出响声；switch off 关掉。20.I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _ even she did not want me to see her as she was.A. where
27、 B. When C. that D. which【答案】A【解析】句意：我确实非常爱我妈妈，但是情况发展到这样一种程度：她甚至不想让我看到她以前的样子。当先行词是 point，case，situation 等时，定语从句多用 where 引导，where 在从句中作状语。三、完形填空。For me，two of the loveliest words in English are “Life persists” I _1_ them years ago as a college student，sitting in the library，_2_，working on a paper.Out
28、 of nowhere，those words came _3_ off the page in a quote(引语)：“In the midst of death life persists，in the midst of _4_ truth persists，in the midst of darkness light persists.”Suddenly I wasnt unhappy and impatient any more.Then I _5_ my granddad.I loved to talk with him.And I was _6_ to hear what hed
29、 think of it.He had poor hearing，so I had to _7_ it a few times，but once he _8_ it，he 7laughed.“All I can say to that is totally _9_， ” he said on the phone.I told him how glad I was，after a long winter，to finally see spring and _10_ to find that quote.“Why is that？” he asked.“Well，spring is a sure
30、_11_ that life persists.And it just makes me _12_.”He laughed again，and then _13_ his lovely voice，he recited for me his _14_“spring time” words：“The desert shall rejoice(高兴)，and _15_ as the rose does.even with joy and singing.”Many years later，_16_ my husband and I drove across a desert with many w
31、ildflowers and blooming(盛开的)cactuses，I could _17_ hear my granddad laughing：“The desert shall rejoice.”Life persists，and so do we，in the silence of _18_ and the blooming of cactuses；and in the dead of _19_ and the green of spring.Spring _20_ us that were alive forever.1A.looked for Bhappened onCpick
32、ed out Dmade up2A.bored BconcentratedCtired Dconfused3A.running BdancingCrushing Dmoving4A.fear BaccusationCsuspicion Duntruth5A.called BvisitedCconsulted Dinformed6A.patient BconfidentCupset Ddesperate7A.copy BprintCrepeat Drecite8A.got BmadeCundertook Dmanaged9A.puzzlement BscepticismCagreement Dd
33、isapproval10A.practically BespeciallyCobviously Dnaturally11A.way Binspiration8Cremark Dsign12A.astonished BenergeticCmerry Dalive13A.in BwithCof Dbeyond14A.impressive BsuperbCclassical Dfavorite15A.exist BflowerCsurvive Dsow16A.after BwhenCuntil Dalthough17A.hardly BalwaysCalmost Dmostly18A.journey
34、s BwordsCworld Ddesert19A.winter BspringCsummer Dautumn20A.convinces BassuresCreminds Dstrikes【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述的是作者有感于春天的活力，从偶然读到的一段话联想到生命的意义与坚持。生命长存于漫漫沙漠的植物中，长存于冬去春来的绿意中。冬去春来，生命依然长存，而我们也要继续前行。1B 根据语境可知，几年前坐在大学的图书馆里作者偶然遇到这两个单词“Life persists”。happen on“偶然遇到或发现” ，符合语境。pick out“挑选，辨别出” ；make up“编造”
35、 。2A 根据下文中的“Suddenly I wasnt unhappy and impatient any more”可知，作者当时在图书馆里的心情是很烦闷的。故选 bored“厌倦的，烦闷的” 。3B 这两个词突然从书页上的引语中跃入作者的眼帘。dancing 在此形象生动地描述了这两个词所富含的美好活力以及作者遇到它们的偶然性。4D 在死亡中，生命依然坚持；在谎言中，真理依然长存；在黑暗中，光明依然永驻。根据句中的 death 与 life, darkness 与 light 的对应关系可知，此处应填 truth 的反义词。untruth“虚假，不真实” ，符合语境。accusation
36、“控告” ；suspicion“怀疑” 。5A 根据下文中的“on the phone”可知，作者给爷爷打电话。call“(给)打电话” ，符合语境。visit“看望，拜访” ；consult“咨询” ；inform“告知” 。96D 根据语境及上文中的“I loves to talk with him”可知，作者很想听到爷爷(对这句话)是怎么看的。desperate“极想，渴望” 。patient“耐心的” ；upset“不安的” 。7C 根据上文中的“He had poor hearing，so I had to”和下文中的“a few times”可知，爷爷的听觉不灵，所以作者不得不多次
37、重复(repeat)这句话。copy“抄写” ；print“打印” ；recite“背诵” 。8A 但是一旦作者的爷爷明白(got it)了，他就笑了起来。make it“获得成功，准时到达” 。9C 根据上文中的“laughed”和下文中作者的爷爷所背诵的语句与该句话的主题的一致性可知，作者的爷爷对这句话所表达的主题是完全同意的。puzzlement“疑惑” ；scepticism “怀疑” ；agreement“赞同，同意” ；disapproval“反对，不赞成” 。10B 作者告诉爷爷她在漫长的冬天过后，最终看到春天，特别是偶然发现这句引语，自己是有多高兴。especially“特别，
38、尤其” ，符合语境。practically“实际地，差不多” ；obviously“明显地” ；naturally“自然而然地” 。11D 春天就是一个可信的迹象，它表明生命是长存的。sign“迹象，征兆”符合语境。inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)” 。12C 根据上文中的“I wasnt unhappy” ，下文中的“rejoice(高兴)” “joy”及文章的主题可知，这句话使作者感到开心(merry)。astonished“震惊的” ；energetic“精力充沛的” 。13A 作者的爷爷又笑了笑，然后用他那悦耳的嗓音为作者背诵了他最喜欢的语句。in.voice 是固定搭配
39、，表示“以的嗓音” 。14D 参见上题解析。impressive“给人印象深刻的” ；superb“极佳的，质量极高的” ；classical“经典的” ；favorite“最喜欢的” 。15B 沙漠应该高兴，像玫瑰一样盛开。根据空后的“as the rose does”可知，flower“开花”符合语境。16B 多年后，当作者和丈夫驱车穿越一个有很多野花和盛开的仙人掌的沙漠时，她几乎又听到了爷爷笑着说“沙漠应该高兴” 。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导时间状语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故选 when。17C 参见上题解析。almost“几乎，差不多” ，符合语境。18D 根据空后的“the
40、blooming of cactuses.”和上文中的“a desert with many wildflowers and blooming(盛开的)cactuses”及“The desert shall rejoice”可知，生命长存，同样的，我们也要坚持。生命长存于寂静的沙漠(desert)中和盛开的仙人掌里。19A in the dead of winter“在隆冬，在严冬” 。空前的 dead 形象地表现出了冬10季万物萧条的景象，与春季的绿意及万物复苏的景象形成鲜明的对比。20C 春天提醒我们，我们永远充满活力。convince“使相信” ；assure“使确信” ；remind“
41、提醒” ；strike“突然想到” 。四、七选五。Think about what youve learned from a particular rumor experience，and let it help you make sure it never happens again.Here are a few tips that will help you.1 The more private information that you make public，the more ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you con
42、fide in(向吐露). Try to understand where its coming from，and why.Is the rumor meant to hurt you，or is it just a case of misinformation or exaggeration？Its important to get this information before you react to the rumor. 2 Resist the urge to dish it out.Have you heard the saying “Someone can dish it out
43、，but he or she cant take it”？ 3 If you spread gossip and rumors about others，you might become a person who deserves a taste of his or her own medicine.Resist the urge to take revenge.If youve been the victim of gossip and rumors and you know who started spreading them，you might want to go“an eye for
44、 an eye” 4 And taking revenge in this way might make you feel good for a short time.But in the end，it will just keep the cycle of rumors going. 5 ABe cautious about making friends.BBe careful about your private information.CTry to persuade more people to be on your side.DSo if you can，figure out how
45、 the rumor occurs.EIn other words，dont be the person to spread rumors.FIts tending to make up lies or expose information that hurts others.GAnd make you as much of a bully(恃强凌弱者)as any other rumor starter.11【语篇解读】 本文为说明文。讲述的是如何正确应对谣言。1B 根据下文的“The more private information that you make public，the mor
46、e ammunition(把柄)rumors will have，so be careful who you confide in(向吐露) ”可知，本段主要讲的是“对你自己的隐私要小心谨慎 ”，故选 B 项。B 项中的“private information”也与文中的“private information” 相匹配。2D 根据本段的小标题“Try to understand where its coming from，and why.”及空前的内容可知，对谣言作出反应前，弄清楚谣言很重要。所以如果你能的话，要弄清楚谣言的来源和起因，故 D 项符合语境。3E 根据本段的小标题“Resist the urge to dish it out.”及空处上下文的内容可知，空处讲的应是不要散播谣言相关的内容，故 E 项符合语境。 4F 根据下文的“taking revenge in this way”可知，空处的内容应是报复的方法，故 F 项符合语境。5G 根据上文的内容可知，如果以散布谣言的方式报复别人的话，你可能会在短期内感觉良好，但是最后，这只会使得谣言继续被散布，故 G 项承接上文，进一步说明了这种报复方式的消极后果。
