1、12019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练（2）李仕才AEveryone knows that death is natural, but do you have any idea of the process of dying? Modern scientists divide the process of dying into two stages clinical or temporary death and biological death. Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, ha
2、ve stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved. Biological death occurs when changes in the organism lead to the “breaking up” of vital cells and tissues. Death is then unchangeable and final.Scientists have been seeking a way to prolong the period of
3、 clinical death so that the organism can remain alive before biological death occurs. The best method developed so far involves cooling the organism, combined with narcotic (麻醉) sleep. By slowing down the bodys metabolism (新陈代谢), cooling delays the processes leading to biological death.To show how t
4、his works, scientists performed an experiment on a six-year-old female monkey called Keta. The scientist put Keta to sleep with a narcotic. Then they surrounded her body with ice-bags and began checking her body temperature. When it had dropped to 28 degrees the scientists began taking blood out fro
5、m an artery (动脉). The monkeys blood pressure decreased and an hour later both the heart and breathing stopped: clinical death set in. For twenty minutes Keta remained in this state. Her temperature dropped to 22 degrees. At this point the scientists pumped blood into an artery in the direction of th
6、e heart and started artificial breathing. After two minutes Ketas heart became active once more. After fifteen minutes, spontaneous (自发的) breathing began, and after four hours Keta opened her eyes and lifted her head. After six hours, when the scientists tried to give her a penicillin (青霉素) injectio
7、n, Keta seized the syringe (注射器)and ran with it around the room. Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.1.For a person who suffers from the clinical death _.2A. he is still very much aliveB. he cannot avoid final deathC. his most important organs are damaged foreverD. he still ha
8、s the possibility of getting back to life2.Scientists try to make the time of clinical death longer in order to _.A. cool the organismB. delay the coming of biological deathC. slow down the bodys metabolismD. bring vital cells and tissues back to active life3.The text mainly talks about _.A. clinica
9、l death and biological death B.an experiment on a monkeyC. the meaning of death D. the process before death4.From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph we can know that _.A. Keta was impolite B. Keta was healthyC. Keta was ill D. Keta was crazy【文章大意】本文主要叙述了为了延缓生理死亡的到来，科学家尽量延长临床死亡的时间。1.D 【解析】
10、细节理解题。由文章第一段内容“Clinical death occurs when the vital organs, such as the heart or lungs, have stopped functioning, but have not suffered permanent damage. The organism can still be saved”可知，一个临床死亡的人还有可能活过来，故选 D。3.A 【解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出了人类死亡的两个阶段：临床死亡和生理死亡；第二段提出科学家们想办法延长临床死亡；第三段通过用猴子做实验来验证延长临床死亡的方法，故本文主要
11、论述了临床死亡和生理死亡，选 A项。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。结合文章最后一句“Her behavior differed little from that of a healthy animal.”（她的行为无异于健康动物的行为） ，可推知划线部分句子说明3Keta是健康的，故选 B项。B(2015大连高三双基测试)Griffith Observatory (天文台) is a national leader in public astronomy，and one of the most popular attractions in Los Angeles.It is located on
12、 the southern slope (山坡) of Mount Hollywood in Griffith Park at 1,134 feet above sea level.Visitors may drive to the observatory and park in its parking lot or on nearby roads.No reservation (预订) is required to visit.Parking is limited，and the busiest time is weekends.Buses，taxis，and car pools are w
13、elcome.LADOT provides weekend public bus service from the Sunset/Vermont Metro Red Line Station.Griffith Observatory is open six days a week.Admission and parking are free.Hours of OperationTuesdayFriday 12 noon10 pm.SaturdaySunday 10 am.10 pm.Monday ClosedThanksgiving Day and Christmas Day ClosedSa
14、muel Oschin PlanetariumThe Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater offers 8 to 10 live，halfhour presentations each day.There are usually four different shows from which to choose.Shows are presented every 60 to 90 minutes.Check the website，information desks，or the box office for each days show time.Being
15、seated late is not permitted.Samuel Oschin Planetarium tickets must be purchased at the observatory and are only available on the day of the show.The ticket prices for shows are：4Adults (1359 years old) $7.00Children (512 years old) $3.00Seniors (60 years old and older) $5.00Students $5.00Children u
16、nder 5 years old will be admitted only to the first show each day.Hearing assist devices are available on request.Public TelescopesFree public telescopes are available each evening；the observatory is open and skies are clear.The Zeiss telescope on the roof is generally open by 7 pm.All observing mus
17、t be completed by 9：45 pm.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文，文章主要介绍了美国的著名景点格里菲斯天文台的相关信息。1What can we learn about Griffith Observatory according to the passage?AIt is open all the year around.BIt is mostly visited at weekends.CIt becomes famous because of Hollywood.DIt is the most attractive place in Los Angeles.解析：选 B
18、。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“and the busiest time is weekends”可知，周末是格里菲斯天文台最繁忙的时间，故选 B项。2Which of the following best describes the Samuel Oschin Planetarium theater?AHearing assist devices are provided to seniors.BThe shows there generally last 60 to 90 minutes.CVisitors are required to be seated before the sho
19、w starts.DThe tickets for the shows can be bought through the website.解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据 Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“Being seated late 5is not permitted.”可知，每场剧开场之前，要提前入场就座，迟到了就不能进剧场了。即C项正确。3To watch the show，a young couple with a 7yearold son should pay _.A$13.00 B$15.00C$17.00 D$20.00解析：选 C。推理判断题。根据文
20、章所提供的票价“Adults(1359 years old)$7.00”“Children(512 years old)$3.00”可知，一对夫妇和一个 7岁男孩共需要 17美元，故选C项。4Which of the following is charged?AParking. BTelescopes.CHearing assist devices. DWatching presentations.解析：选 D。细节理解题。根据文章中的“Admission and parking are free.” “Free public telescopes are available”和“Hearin
21、g assist devices are available on request.”可知，A、B、C 项都是免费的，根据 Samuel Oschin Planetarium下的“The ticket prices for shows are”可知，观看表演要收费，故选 D项。CChinese writer Mo Yans Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into Eng
22、lish，European experts say.“Hopefully，the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated， ” says Michel Hockx，professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London.“Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally
23、for a long time already.Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive，with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”Jonathan Ruppin，web editor of bookseller Foyles，says Mos win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the
24、 talents of a 6distinctive and visionary (富于幻想的) writer.“We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available， ” Ruppin says.He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its centurylong hi
25、story.As EastWest cultural exchange has been booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.Hockx explains， “Its mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries，to publish their works outside China and to interact with r
26、eaders abroad.At the same time，more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says， “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literatur
27、e is the growing global presence of China itself.People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit (缺少) between China and its international counterpartsin particular，China knows incomparably more about Europe and America than the other way roundand reading Chinese literature is a
28、n effective，simple means of solving that gap.”1T he underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_”Astart out Bburn upCset off Dappeal to2Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention mainly because_.AChinese writers have been writing more and more books in EnglishBthe Chinese
29、language has become the most widely used language in the worldCthe Chinese government attaches great importance to literatureDthe cultural communication between China and western countries has developed3Which of the following is true according to the passage? AChinese literature has spread with the
30、development of China.BThe Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years.CIn the past，no Chinese writers were accepted outside China.DForeigners know abou t China mainly by reading Mo Yans works.4How do you understand the underlined part in the last paragraph?AChina knows more about E
31、urope and America than before. BChina knows more about Europe and America than they know about China.7CChina，Europe and America know one another more than before.DCompared with America，China knows more about Europe.【参考答案】语篇解读 中国作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖激起了全球对中国文学的兴趣，更多的中国作品被译成英语。这是中国在全球的影响力不断加大的结果。1解析： 词义猜测题。根据下
32、文可知，此处表示“中国作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖激起了全球对中国文学的兴趣” ，故 ignite与 set off同义，表示“引发，激起” 。答案： C2解析： 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“As EastWest cultural exchange has been booming，Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years.”可知，正是东西方文化交流的繁荣才使得中国文学受到越来越多的关注。答案： D3解析： 正误判断题。根据最后一段中的“The obvious reason for the
33、 growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself.”可知，是中国在全球的影响力，即中国的发展使得中国文学能在世界范围内得以传播。答案： A4解析： 句意理解题。根据画线部分的前后句可知，此处表示“中国对欧美了解甚多而欧美则相反，对中国了解偏少” 。the other way round 意为“相反地” 。答案： B.D(2015广西柳州 3月模拟)It is 7 am and the alarm is going off.You know you have
34、to be out of bed to catch the bus.But the urge to bury yourself in the bed is ever so strong.Sounds familiar? Why is it that teens find it difficult to get themselves out of bed in time every morning or stay sharp and focused during the first couple of hours of school?During adolescence，the body goe
35、s through many changes and these include a shift in sleep patterns.Researchers from MIT have been tracking the bodys need for sleep in teenagers.They found that though adolescents need as much as 9.5 8hours of sleep a day，they get to bed later and later with each passing year.In fact，the sleep cycle
36、 shifts later by as much as 12 to 18 minutes each year between the ages of 10 and 20 ! So by the time a 10yearold who sleeps at 8 pm grows to be 17 or 18，his body naturally wants to stay up till 10：30 pm or 11 pm.According to researchers，this is because of a hormone called melatonin (褪黑激素) that is s
37、ecreted (分泌) by the pineal glanda tiny structure deep inside the brain.Melatonin regulates the bodys natural daynight rhythms.It causes a person to become sleepy by lowering his bodys core temperature.In teens，melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the n
38、ight.This makes it difficult for teens to fall asleep earlier as they did in their younger years.Likewise，the effect of melatonin continues until much later in the morning，making it hard for them to wake up early.A study found that at least one in four teens is tired and falls asleep in school at le
39、ast once a week.During sleep，important body functions and brain activities happen.So how can teenagers get their sleep enough? The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that middle and high schools should start laternot before 8：30 am.This should give teens some more time to sleep at night
40、.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。早睡才能早起，晚睡会导致早上赖床，睡觉周期的改变实际上受制于大脑中一种被称为褪黑激素的荷尔蒙。1From Paragraph 2，we can learn that if you sleep late，the next day you should _.Astay sharp Bskip breakfastCget up late Dstay up late解析：选 C。细节理解题。文章第一段提到为什么孩子们早上不愿起床，第二段紧接着分析原因，说明孩子们睡觉晚是他们早上赖床的原因，即 C项正确。92What does the underlined word “
41、this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?AThe students want to stay up.BThe shifts of the sleep cycle.CThe pineal gland secretes melatonin.DThe adolescents sleep late.解析：选 B。代词指代题。第二段提到了睡觉周期的改变，第三段紧接着解释造成这一现象的原因，因此 this指睡觉周期的改变，即 B项正确。3The teens go to sleep later than before because _.Amelatonin is secreted mu
42、ch laterBmelatonin regulates the sleep timeCthey sleep a lot in the daytimeDthey need to finish their homework解析：选 A。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“In teens，melatonin is secreted much later in the evening and continues to increase throughout the night.”可知，孩子们睡觉晚是由褪黑激素分泌晚造成的，即 A项正确。4According to AAPs recommendation
43、，middle and high schools should _.Alet teens sleep in the dayBlet the students be activeCdelay the start timeDstart later at 8 am解析：选 C。细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的倒数第二句话可知，AAP 建议初中和高中上午上课的时间应该推迟，即 C项正确。EMarie Curie,born in Sklodovka,Poland in 1867,led a hard life as a girl.Her 10parents,both teachers,had low sa
44、laries and were quite poor,especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health.Maries mother suffered from tuberculosis(肺结核)and died of it when Marie was ten.When Marie was small,she showed great interest in science.She loved to study and hoped to bec
45、ome a scientist when she grew up.Her parents encouraged her interest in science.Excellent as she was in her studies,she couldnt go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.In order to continue her education,she sm
46、oothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University,where she lived a simple life and studied hard.She graduated with the highest grades in her class.After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University.There she met Pierre Curie,whom she married.Pierre joined in her re
47、search into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”,which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off.The Curies spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation.Finally they succeeded in 1902.Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes,one for physics in 1906,together wit
48、h her husband and another scientist;the other for chemistry herself in 1911.Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement,and the first woman ever to be honoured in the Nobel Prize history.1.When Marie was young,her family became poorer because . A.the family had five childrenB.Maries father had
49、 a low salaryC.Maries mother gave up her jobD.the family was cruelly taxed by the Russians答案:C解析:细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知,玛丽的妈妈放弃了工作来抚养五个孩子和照顾自己身体的时候家里更贫穷了。2.Marie couldnt continue the advanced education because . 11A.she wanted to help her father to support the familyB.her father couldnt afford to send her to collegeC.her grades were very poorD.colleges in Poland would not accepted women as students then答案:D解析
