1、1情态动词李仕才课程目标一、学习目标1. 情态动词的基本用法。2. 情态动词+have done 的用法。二、重点、难点重点:情态动词的基本用法。难点:情态动词+have done 的用法。三、考情分析上述语法是高考的重点语法,历年考题中占有重要的地位,并且是高考试题的难点。一般在单选中能占 1-2分;我们学习时应特别注意上述语法的学习及做题技巧,并认真研究近几年的高考题。知识梳理一、情态动词的基本用法考点 1 can和 could的基本用法【用法】1. can和 could都可以表示能力;许可、建议、请求以及推测;2. 在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑,猜测”或“可能性” ;3. 如果要表示委婉
2、的语气,可用 could代替 can,这时 could不再是 can的过去式。【例句】Can she be in the computer center?或许她是在计算机中心?No, she can t be in it. 不,她不可能在里面。Could I borrow your bicycle?我能借你的自行车用用吗?【考题链接】1. You dont have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _ find the book by the title. A. must B. need C. can D. would答案:
3、C 解题思路:句意:你没有必要一定通过作者的姓名来找到一本书。你可以根据这本书的标题(书名)来找到这本书。must“必须,一定” ;need“需要” ;can“可以,能够” ;would“将会” ,表过去的将来。根据句意,只有 C项符合题意。2. Could I speak to Mr. White?Im afraid he _ answer your call now. He is holding a meeting.A. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt答案:A 2解题思路:考查情态动词。答语句意:由于怀特先生此时正在开会,所以恐怕他不能(cant)
4、接你的电话。考点 2 may和 might【用法】1. 表示允许或征询对方的许可,有“可以”之意。但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用 must not代替 may not。2. may和 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许,可能” ,如果用 might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定。【例句】May I use this dictionary? 我可以用这本字典吗?Yes,please.可以。May I swim in this lake? 我可以在这个湖里游泳吗?No, you mustnt. Its too dangerous. 不,不行。太危险了。They may(might)
5、be in the library now. 他们现在可能在图书馆。【考题链接】Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _ just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would答案:B 解题思路:句意:一些不喜欢多说话的人未必就害羞;他们可能只是一些安静的人。must,一定;may 也许,可能;should 应该,理应;would 会。根据句意,答案为 B。考点 3 must和 have to【用法】(1)must 表示“必须,应该” ,其
6、否定式为 must not,缩写形式为 mustnt,表示“不准,不许可,禁止” 。(2)对以 must开头的疑问句作否定回答时,要用 neednt或 dont(doesnt)have to,而不用 mustnt,因为 mustnt是“禁止,不许可”之意。(3)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等,只用于肯定句。(4)have to和 must的意思相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而 have to则表示客观需要。【例句】Must we finish the work tomorrow? 明天我必须完成这项工作吗?No, you neednt(dont have to), but
7、 you must finish it in three days. 不,你没必要,但是你必须三天内完成。Whose new bike can it be? 这是谁的新自行车啊?It must be Liu Dongs. His father has just bought him a new one. 那一定是刘东的。他的父亲刚刚给他买了一辆新自行车。I had to give it up because of illness. 因为疾病我不得不放弃它。【考题链接】1. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _ 3
8、be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may答案:C 解题思路:句意:考查情态动词。句意:医生说锻炼对健康来说很重要,但这必须(must)是有规律的锻炼。2. “You _ have a wrong number, ” she said. “Theres no one of that name here. ”A. need B. can C. must D. would答案:C 解题思路:考查 must表示肯定的推测。根据后句“Theres no one of that name here. ”可知对方一定拨错了号码。句意:她说:“你一定
9、是拨错号码了,这里没有叫那个名字的人。 ”考点 4 should和 ought to【用法】(1)should 和 ought to 表示“应当,应该” ,前者比后者语气轻。(2)should / ought to 可以表示推测。(3)should / ought to 的否定形式可以表示“禁止” 。(4)should 可表示陈述意见、提出建议或请求;而 ought to可以表示劝告。【例句】Children shouldnt smoke.小孩不许吸烟。You ought to respect your parents.你应该尊重父母。【考题链接】1. What do you mean, th
10、ere are only ten tickets? There _ be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall 答案:A 解题思路:句意:你是什么意思,只有十张票?应该有十二张。A 项表示从道理上推测,意为“应该” ;B 项意为“将会” ;C 项意为“将要” ;D 项一般用于第一人称,表示“将要” 。根据语境,应选 A。2. I dont care what people think. Well, you _. A. could B. would C. should D. might答案:C 解题思路:句意:我不在乎别人的看法。噢,你应该在乎的
11、。should 表示“应该” ,故选 C。考点 5 will和 shall【用法】1. will的用法1)will 用于各种人称表示“意志,意愿或决心”等,否定形式为 wont +。42)will 用于疑问句中,常用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问” 。2. shall的用法1)shall 用于第二、第三人称时,表示说话人的意愿,可表示命令、警告、强制、威胁或允诺等。2)在疑问句中,shall 用于第一、第三人称,表示说话人征询对方意见或请求指示。【例句】He shall go first,whether he wants to or not. 不管他是否愿意,他必须先走。Wi
12、ll you please tell me how to get to the Capital Gymnasium? 你能告诉我如何到首都体育馆吗?【考题链接】1. Someone is asking to see you outside. _ he come in now?A. May B. Shall C. Must D. Need答案:B 解题思路:句意:有人在外边要求见你。他现在该进来吗?考查情态动词。shall 用于第一、三人称表示建议,此处的建议是“他现在进来好吗” 。C、D 两项也不合语境。2. What is the news about? According to the n
13、ew law, people who are guilty of drunken driving _ face a fine of up to 2, 000 yuan. A. will B. may C. shall D. can答案:C 解题思路:句意:这条消息是关于什么的?根据新法律,酒后驾驶的人们将要面临高达 2 000元的罚金。根据句意可知,此处是法律规定,是一种强制、命令,故选C。shall 可表示“命令、警告、威胁、允诺等” 。考点 6 would的用法【用法】1)would 作为 will的过去式时,可用于各人称,表示过去的意志或决心。2)在疑问句中,用于第二人称,表示说话人向对
14、方提出请求或询问对方的意愿,语气比 will委婉。3)在日常生活中,用“I would like to. . . ”表示“我想要”或“我愿意” ,以使语气委婉。4)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比 used to正式,但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。5)表猜测。【例句】He promised he would never smoke again. 他许诺不会再抽烟了。Would you like some more coffee? 你想再来点咖啡吗?【考题链接】1. I _ like to buy a basketball, but I am short of money.5A. cou
15、ld B. would C. must D. might答案:B 解题思路:句意:我想买个篮球,但是我没有钱。would like to do sth. 想做某事。2. My most devoted friend, Professor Chen, _ often go skiing when he lived in the mountain that was covered with snow.A. would B. should C. could D. might答案:A 解题思路:句意:我最真挚的朋友,陈教授,当他住在白雪皑皑的山中时,常常去滑雪。would 表示过去习惯性或经常性的行为
16、。考点 7 need和 dare【用法】1)need 作“必要”讲,可作情态动词,need 作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。也可作实义动词。后面常接名词、代词、动名词,作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带 to,其变化与一般动词相同。回答 need 提问的问句时与回答 must 提问的问句一样,肯定用 must,否定用 neednt/dont have to。2)dare 表示“敢”的意思。作情态动词时,用于疑问句和否定句中。dare 若作实义动词,后面可接带 to的不定式,此时的 to可以省略。dare 与 need 的用法相似。【例句】I need to think it over.我
17、需要仔细想想。Need you go now?你现在必须去吗?Yes, I must. / No, I neednt 是的,我必须去。/不,我不必现在去。She doesnt dare(to)ask her father.她不敢问她的父亲。【考题链接】1. Tom _ show his poor exam results to his parents.A. dare not B. dare C. dare to D. dares not to 答案:A 解题思路:句意:汤姆不敢给他的父母看那可怜的考试成绩。dare 既可作情态动词也可作实义动词;作情态动词时否定句直接加 not,后面接动词原形
18、;而作实义动词时,后面用不定式,并且否定句用助动词 do或 does.所以选 A。2. You _read that article if you dont want to.A. cant B. mustnt C. oughtnt D. neednt答案:D 解题思路:考查情态动词。句意:如果你不想读那篇文章你就不需要读。此处的neednt相当于 dont have to。A 项 cant意为“不可能;不能” ;B 项 mustnt意为“不可以,千万不能” ;C 项明显不正确,ought 需与 to连用。即学即练61. A pilots job _ be boring, and they of
19、ten _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to B. may; canC. have to; may D. ought to; must答案:A 解题思路:句意:一个飞行员的工作可能是枯燥的,并且他们经常在不便的时间工作。第一个空的 can表示“有时候可能” 。飞行员的工作可能是很枯燥的。第二个空用 have to表示客观上“不得不” ,他们经常不得不在不方便的时候工作。2. According to the management rules of our hotel, all the bills _be paid in cash. A. wo
20、uld B. may C. shall D. could答案:C 解题思路:考查情态动词。句意:根据我们宾馆的管理规则,所有账单都必须用现金支付。此处的 shall表示“规定” 。3. There _be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt答案:C 解题思路:考查情态动词。句意:因为你在驾校练了很多,所以按道理你通过路考不会有什么困难的。此处的 shouldn
21、t表示“按道理不应该” 。其他几项不合语境。4. Are you going to see the film with us?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might答案:D 解题思路:考查情态动词。根据 not sure可知“我可能和你们一起去看电影,也有可能去听音乐会” ,此处的 might相当于 may,表示不太确定的推测。二、情态动词+have done考点 1 must have done【用法】must have done表示对过去发生的事或行为比较肯 定的推断,只用
22、于肯定句,可译为“想必一定,准是” 。应用的时候,通常有迹象证明确实如此。【例句】It must have rained last night, for the road was quite muddy. 昨晚一定下雨了,因为路面很泥泞。 (由“路面泥泞”这个迹象推断出“昨晚下雨” 。 )【考题链接】It _ have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. A. may B. can C. must D. should 答案:C 解题思路:句意:一定是汤姆把车停在这里的,因为他是唯一一个有车的人
23、。此句为强调句型,谓语动词为 must have been,用 must表示语气很肯定的推测。7考点 2 can/could have done 【用法】1)can/ could have done表示对过去的推理,用于否定句和疑问句中,表示对发生的行为的惊疑、怀疑或不肯定,could 语气较委婉, “本来可以,可能已经” 。如用在否定句中,否定意义最强烈,通常有迹象表明根本不可能。2)could have done 还可用来表示过去可能完成而实际未实现的动作或与过去事实相反即事实上并没有发生过的动作。【例句】Where can they have gone? 他们能去哪儿呢?(表惊疑)The
24、y could have gone to the cinema.他们可能去电影院了。 (表不肯定)I met him at school yesterday afternoon, so he couldnt have attended your lecture. 昨天下午我在学校遇见他了,因此他不可能参加你的讲座。 (有迹象表明的,强烈地否定)【考题链接】You_ her. She is still in ParisA. cant have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. may have seen答案:A 解题思路:句意:由于她现在还
25、在巴黎,所以你不可能见过她。cant have done sth.意为“过去不可能做某事” ;must have done sth.意为“过去一定做了某事” ;might/may have done sth.意为“过去可能做了某事” 。考点 3 may/might have done【用法】1)may/might have done 表示对过去的行为的推断,为“想必已经,也许是”的含义,可用在肯定句和否定句中,may 与 might 表示可能性时 may的可能性较大,在实际应用中,常依据主句或从句是现在时或过去时而选择 may 或 might,尽管 may与 might不表示时态。2)may/
26、might have done的推测语气并不十分强烈,常指毫无根据的推测,无论是用于肯定句还是否定句中。【例句】I thought I might have failed in the exam, but in fact I came in the top 10 % in the class. 我认为我可能没通过考试,但实际上我在班级中处于 10% 的好学生中。John isnt at home, I think he may have gone to school. 约翰不在家,我想他可能去学校了吧。【考题链接】The missing children havent been found y
27、et. Something terrible _ to them. A. may happen B. should have happened8C. must happen D. might have happened答案:D 解题思路:考查情态动词表推测。句意:那些失踪的孩子还没有找到。可能他们身上发生了可怕的事情。通过句意可知是对过去的事件的推测,故选 B和 D;B 表示“本应该” ,不是推测,故选。考点 4 should(ought to)have done【用法】should(ought to)have done用在肯定句中表示过去应该做而没有做的动作;用在否定句中表示过去不该做的事却
28、做了,并且都有责备或遗憾的语气。【例句】You should(ought to)have returned the book early. 你本该早点归还这本书的。You should not have asked such a foolish question. 你本不应当问这样一个愚蠢的问题。 (表责备)【考题链接】The bike has broken down many times since I bought it.Well, they _ have paid more attention to quality.A. must B. can C. may D. should答案:D
29、解题思路:考查情态动词。句意:自从我买了这辆自行车,它坏了好多次了。哦,他们本该多关注质量的。should have done 表示“本该做某事却没做” 。考点 5 neednt have done【用法】neednt have done表示埋怨或后悔等,指过去做了其实不必做的事,意为“本可不必,满可以不” 。didnt need to do sth. 没有必要去做某事。【例句】You neednt have visited my uncle, as he has been all right for a long time. 其实你不必去探望我叔叔的,因为他已痊愈好长一段时间了。【考题链接】
30、1. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have taken B. could have takenC. neednt have taken D. mustnt have taken答案:C 解题思路:句意:结果昨天天气很好,我原本没有必要自找麻烦带着伞的。neednt have done表示“原本没有必要做的事却做了” 。 2. I _ up early this morning, so I stayed in bed unt
31、il 8 oclock am. A. neednt have got B. didnt need to getC. shouldnt have got D. cant have got9答案:B 解题思路:句意:我今天上午不必早起床,所以我在床上一直待到 8点。need 用作行为动词时,前面借助助动词 do表示否定或者疑问。此句中的 didnt need to do sth. 表示“没有必要做某事( 未做) ”;neednt have done sth. 表示“做了一件没有必要做的事” ;shouldnt have done sth. 表示“做了不应该做的事” ,是一种表示责备的语气;cant
32、 have done sth. 表示“一定没有做过某事” 。即学即练1. Whats the matter with Peter? He was seen crying when he was coming out of the office. He _ by the manager. A. may be scolded B. should have been scoldedC. must be scolded D. must have been scolded答案:D 解题思路:考查情态动词的用法。 “must + have + 过去分词” ,表示对过去某事或某种情况的肯定的猜测,只能用于肯
33、定的陈述句。答句句意:当他从办公室里出来时,被看到在哭。他一定是被经理责备了。2. Jenny took the 9: 10 bus to Hangzhou this morning. Really? She _ the 9: 00 express. It is much more comfortable and faster to travel by train. A. could have taken B. need have takenC. must have taken D. would have taken 答案:A 解题思路:句意:珍妮今天早上乘了 9: 10的公共汽车去杭州。真的
34、吗?她本可以乘 9: 00的特快火车的。乘火车更加舒适和快速。根据句意选 A。3. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have doneC. should have done D. can have done答案:C 解题思路:句意:多可惜!鉴于他的能力和经验,他可能会做得更好。A 项“本来该做” ;B 项“一定做过” ;D 项多用于否定句和疑问句中;只有 C项表示“过去可能做得到” ,符合题意。4. We have bought so much
35、 food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt答案:B 解题思路:考查情态动词。句意:既然苏西不和我们一起吃饭,我们没必要买如此多的食物。情态动词+have done结构在此句子中表示对过去事情的推测、遗憾、责备等,neednt have bought意思是 “本没必要买” 。A 项意为 “不可能” ;B 项意为“没必要” ;C项意为“一定不会” ;D 项意为“一定不要” 。5. Happy birthday!Thank you! Its the best present I for.10A. should have wished B. must have wishedC. may have wished D. could have wished答案:D 解题思路:考查情态动词。句意为:生日快乐!谢谢你!这是我所能期盼的最好的礼物了。A 项使用句型 should have done表示“本应该做但是没做” ,是虚拟语气;B项表示推测,放入句中意为“这是我一定期盼过的最好的礼物” ,句意不通;C 项表示推测,放入句中意为“这是我可能期盼过的最好的礼物” ,句意不通;D 项表示能力,放入句中意为“这是我所能期盼的最好的礼物” ,符合句意。