七年级生物上册2.2.2《环境影响生物的生存》淮南为橘淮北为枳的地理原因知识扩展(新版)苏科版.doc

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七年级生物上册2.2.2《环境影响生物的生存》淮南为橘淮北为枳的地理原因知识扩展(新版)苏科版.doc_第1页
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1淮南为橘淮北为枳的地理原因晏子春秋杂下之十:“婴闻之:橘生淮南则为橘,生于淮北则为枳,叶徒相似,其实味不同。所以然者何?水土异也。”说的是淮南香甜的橘子移植到淮北就变成苦涩难吃的枳。之所以这样,只是因为条件和环境变了。由于环境条件即地理、气候、水质、土壤等因素的不同,生物自然会产生差异。如人参,其生活的最佳环境为:海拔高度 700800 米,年降水量 700800mm,空气相对湿度70%,最热月温度为 2021,无霜期 155 天以上等。在药用植物的种植中,随着自然条件的变迁以及异地引种、驯化家养,特别是新技术、新方法的广泛运用,传统的中药品种原有的生态条件发生了较大改变,从而导致“物虽非伪,而种则殊矣,药性异矣”。不同的药材原植物正常生长发育及积累活性药物成分所要求的环境因素是不同的,有的喜阴,有的喜阳,有的喜水,有的耐旱。从而只有在某一特定的生态质量环境下,才有可能生产出药性和药效不变的中药材,离开这一环境必然会导致中药材药性和药效的改变,甚至生长发育不良以至死亡。如人参,以吉林的品质最佳,三七,以云南的最好,就是这个原因。

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