1、第一编,专题二 七选五阅读,明晰体裁与题材特点，缩小刷题数量,题 型 透 析,透析题型设置，采用高效答题技巧,实现满分小目标，方向和方法都重要 专项训练精、准、巧。七选五阅读主要考查对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文的逻辑意义的理解。分析文章结构是很多学生的弱项，因此要对这种理清文章脉络的能力进行强化训练。加强归纳段落标题、归纳段落主题句、寻找过渡句、寻找上下文联系、寻找下文联系等的专项训练，以此来规范做题思路，形成好的阅读习惯。,专攻说明文，强化文章结构分析。说明文常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明，文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象或者我们生活中所面临的某个具体难题。作者会选择一个合
2、适的角度，有条不紊地对其加以说明。分析文章结构就是弄清楚文章内容和结构上的关系和布局，理解文章段落之间的联系、段落内的关系、句子与句子之间的关系，从而从结构上和内容上分辨选项信息属于文章的哪一段，或者某一段的哪一部分。这样就能比较准确地确定选项的位置。,规范做题流程，避免大小失误。第一步：浏览选项，阅读正文，明确目标。理解选项句意，并找出选项中的关联词。然后带着选项速读全文，重点关注文章首尾句、文章标题、段落标题，把握文章大意，理解全文逻辑关系，再根据上下文语段内容，初步确定部分题目的答案； 第二步：仔细阅读，抓住关键，筛选答案。了解了文章大意和选项内容之后，回头细读文章，分析上下文语段之间的
3、联系，分析空格前后内容的关系，寻找线索词，匹配关键词，确定有把握的选项。 第三步：代入选项，审视差异，确定答案。对于拿不准的选项，多考虑出题人的命题思路和文章主旨，与文章主旨一致和选项往往是正确答案。,真 题 体 验,(2018全国) Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to
4、live in. Do you want a room thats full of life？Professional？Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day？ 1. _，color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel. Over the years，there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this importan
5、t point. 2. _，they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home：the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones.,B,A,3._ . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets that most of
6、us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa，small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas，dinner tables or b
7、ookshelves. 4. _ . They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space. The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings，and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put in
8、to it are significant. 5. _ .,D,G,F,AWhile all of them are useful BWhatever youre looking for CIf youre experimenting with a color DSmall color choices are the ones were most familiar with EIts not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces FSo it pays to be sure，because you want to get i
9、t right the first time GColor choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 文章大意：颜色是房间设计的基本要素之一。这篇说明文介绍了大、中、小三种规模物品的颜色选择及各自的优点。, 解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。空前的三个问句是问读者想要寻找什么样的房间设计，结合空后的color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel可知，不管你想让你的房间怎样，颜色是关键。本设空类型属于细节理解类。
10、 解析：解本题可用词汇锁定法。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all of them相呼应，代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境，故为答案。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 解析：解本题可用设题位置法。上一段最后提到the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones，再结合最后两段首句中的medium color choices和the large color decisions可判断，本段介绍small color choices，故选D项。本设空类型属于段落主题句类。, 解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据空后的requ
11、ire a bigger commitment than smaller ones，and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space可知，这里讲述两个方面，这与G项中的in two major ways相照应。本设空类型属于细节理解类。 解析：解本题可用关联逻辑法。根据空前的the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant可知，大型物品的颜色选择所需要的时间、精力、费用很大，这恰与F项构成因果关系。本设空类型属于细节理解类。,名 师 点 津
12、,技 法 例 析,1挖空位置推理法 段首句,(2016全国) _37_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). _38_. However，there are a number of other reasons that might exp
13、lain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years. Recall (回忆)your childhood memories Our model of what a garden should be often goes back to childhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden.,典例 1,AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden CIts our expe
14、rience of the garden that matters DIts delightful to see so many beautiful flowers EStill others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants FYou can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden，too GFor each of those gardens，write down the strongest memory you have,解题思路 本题考查主题句。首
15、先形式上要与第二个标题“Recall(回忆) your childhood memories”一致，故在A项和B项之间选择。再根据本段倒数第二句“However，there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. ”可知，本段主要讲要弄清自己为什么要种植花木。 尝试解答： _,A,(2017全国) _37_In order to make a change，you need to decide why its important. Do you want to get up in time
16、 to have breakfast with your family，get in some exercise，or just be better prepared for your day？ Once you are clear about your reasons，tell your family or roommates about the change you want to make. Rethink mornings. Now that you know why you want to.,典例 2,AGet a sleep specialist. BFind the right
17、motivation. CA better plan for sleep can help. DAnd consider setting a second alarm. EIf the steps you take are working，keep it up. FStick to your set bedtime and wakeup time，no matter the day. GReconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.,解题思路 本题考查段落主题句。形式上应与下一个标题Reconside
18、r morning一致，故在A、B、F和G之间选择。再根据空后谈到要改变，先要说清楚做出改变很重要的原因；后面谈到一旦明白了其中的原因，就可以告诉你的家人或室友你想做出改变；由此可以推断出这段总的说找到正确的动机，因此本空选B。 尝试解答： _,B,段中句,段中句,段落内部 过渡句,阅读空格前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系，注意衔接词和体现逻辑关系的信号词(this/ that/ these/those/such/it.)和核心词汇的重复，同时注意该段主题句,段落间 过渡句,阅读上一段的结尾和下一段的内容，注意衔接词和体现 逻辑关系的信号词(next，also，in addition， howeve
19、r.,(2013全国片段) One is the establishment (制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production； sales； the purchase of equipment，materials and supplies； and accounting. _74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. EThe second aspect relates to the application o
20、f these policies by departments. FIn the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.,典例 1,解题思路 根据上下文所提到的one和下文所得到的the third可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项The second aspect. 吻合。 尝试解答：此题属并列关系，故选 _ 表示并列关系的词有：first(ly)，second(ly)，. ；first，then/next，. ； in the first place，in the second pla
21、ce. ； for one thing，for another(thing)，. ； to begin with，to conclude等词，表明前后句是逻辑上的并列关系，空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。,E,(2015北京片段) First，understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others. Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. _73_ And if you want to improve your
22、chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming，try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple，like taking a shower or walking，or even making meaningless drawings. AHaving interesting things to think about also helps. DAt one time，daydreaming was thought to
23、be a cause of some mental illnesses.,典例 2,解题思路 选项A中的also helps与空格前面句子中的help相对应，且两句话的主语形式统一，都说的是“做白日梦”的条件。 尝试解答：此题属递进关系，故选 _ 递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。表示递进关系的词有：too，also，besides，further，furthermore，moreover，whats more，in addition，as well，to make matters worse，not. but. ，not only. but also等。,A,(2014辽
24、宁片段) Protect against UV rays (紫外线). Longterm stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is，its extremely important to wear sunglasses. _37_ CThey can properly protect your eyes. DStay in good shape by taking more vitamins.,典例 3,解题思路 空白处前面的句子“No matter what the season is，its
25、 extremely important to wear sunglasses. ”意为“无论是什么季节，戴太阳镜是极其重要的”，属于总结概括句。选项C意为“它们可以适当地保护你的眼睛”，本句是对上句观点的举例说明，能很好地顺接语境。 尝试解答：此题属例证关系，故选 _ 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演练(从观点到例子)。,C,(2013全国片段) Get a coach _51_ ，so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all rea
26、dy to offer you public speaking training and courses，here are some things to look for when deciding the training thats right for you. AYou arent like anybody else DCheck the rules about dos and donts EWhatever the presentation，public speaking is tough,典例 4,解题思路 根据“so get help”可知应填一个表示原因的句子。根据下句中的“.
27、ready to offer you public speaking training and courses. ”也可知开头说的与public speaking有关。 尝试解答：故选 _ 表示因果关系的词有：so/therefore，thus，consequently(结果)，as a result(of)，so/such. that. ，so that. 等。,E,(2016全国片段) There are three main types of cryptography. _37_For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too
28、many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me. ” AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. COnly people who know the keyword can read the message.,典例 5,DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. EYou ca
29、n hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,解题思路 根据for example可知，接下来的举例讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息。 尝试
30、解答： _,E,(2015全国片段) You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost，what is left？ Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _40_ Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow roo
31、m for positive growth and forgiveness. ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again. FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships. GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.,典例 6,解题思路 根据下一句中的Instead(反而)可知
32、此空和下一句形成转折关系，G项(看到事情的积极方面并不意味着你对发生的事情视而不见)与之呼应，并且选项中的positive和下一句中的positive形成原词复现。 尝试解答：此题属转折关系，故选 _,G,(2016全国片段) A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences. To read the message of a real code，you must have a code book. _39_For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might s
33、tand for “me. ” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me. ”_40_However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.,典例 7,AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book. BIn any language，some letters are used more than others. COnly pe
34、ople who know the keyword can read the message. DAs long as there have been codes，people have tried to break them. EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. FWith a code book，you might write down words that would stand for other words. GAnother way to hide a mess
35、age is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.,解题思路 本题考查的是关键词以及转折关系。下一句“it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”中出现了also hard，所以上一句关键词为hard；另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该是：没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作的。 尝试解答：此题属于转折关系，故选 _ 表示转折或对比关系的词有：but，however，yet，while/though，or/ o
36、therwise，on the contrary，instead，nevertheless(然而)，still，yet，in contrast/ comparison等。,A,段尾句,段尾句,段落总结收尾类：通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找出表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词，如therefore， as a result， thus， hence， in short， to sum up， to conclude， in a word， in brief， in conclusion等。,承接上下文类：此类题目直接承接上下文，并非是概括或总结性语句，解题时要根据与上下文的逻辑关系, 来确
37、定答案。,(2015北京片段) Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate. “Mindfulness”，being focused，is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. _74_ EIt involves slow，steady breathing for selfcontrol that helps people stay calm and attentive
38、. FDaydreams are often very simple and direct，quite unlike sleep dreams，which may be hard to understand.,典例 1,解题思路 (1)本题为段尾空，属段落总结概括句，需要关注本段前面的内容。 (2)本段主要说明在需要集中精力的时候避免做白日梦也很重要，前一句提出mindfulness这一概念，并用同位语being focused做出解释。 第三步 对比信息句和选项，得出答案 尝试解答：_项中的it指代前一句的mindfulness，且attentive与前文的concentrate，being
39、 focused，avoid falling asleep语义一致。,E,(2017洛阳高三二模) There is no doubt that analyzing the exact data is important to assessment of an actual event. But data should be dealt with wisely. We often get wrong data which mislead us. Remember，data have no feeling but we humans have. Data dont mean much to pe
40、ople if we do not have the abilities to analyze the data with the knowledge and confidence to judge whether they are true or false.,典例 2,AThus we should try our best to be wise thinkers. BData can make our life easier and more comfortable. CBut sometimes we may find that data arent everything. DSome
41、times our hearts and mind are more sensitive than data. ENow and then the socalled specific data puzzle us very much. FThe exact data should come from assessment of an actual event. GThere are many things in our life which cannot be measured by data.,解题思路 本题设空在段尾，空格前的一句论述内容是“如果我们没有能力运用所学知识和自信去分析数据正确
42、与否，那么数据对我们来说就毫无意义”。所得出的结论就是“因此我们要尽最大努力成为一名睿智的思考者”，结合线索词Thus可知正确答案。 尝试解答： _,A,(2014北京片段) Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation in
43、cludes knowing where and how to find relevant information，how to separate fact from opinion，how to recognize poor reasoning，and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources. _71_,典例 3,Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for y
44、ourself what a study really reported，and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. AMake choice that are right for you. GThe following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.,解题思路 本题挖空处为第一段段尾。第一段简要提出我们要学会分析来自各
45、种渠道的健康信息，第二段就如何对这些信处进行分类整理给予一些建议。从文章篇章结构分析，空格起承上启下的作用。 尝试解答：此题属承上启下类，故选 _,G,2词汇复现法 复现，是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同源词复现、同义词/近义词、反义词复现等。,(2015全国片段) _39_If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But theres a difference between being a victim an
46、d living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated. CStop regarding yourself as the victim. DRemember that you can expect the best in return.,典 例,解题思路 由空格后面的内容可以看出，本段主要讲的是被背叛了后该怎么办。选项C中的关键词语“victim”与本段主旨相吻合，“victim”一词在本段中反复出现，属于原词复现，且选项C是对本段的
47、概括总结。 尝试解答： _,C,3代词线索法 英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词，名词短语或句子概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子；these或those指代前句的复数名词。,(2016全国片段) But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of
48、 fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying，storing，and cooking fish isnt difficult. _17_This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way. ADo not buy it. DIt just requires a little knowledge.,典 例,解题思路 空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D
49、选项中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish”。 尝试解答： _,D,4词汇同现法 词汇同现法是指属于同一词汇搭配范畴或者某一领域的词汇在文章中同时出现，达到语意衔接的目的。一般来说，上下文中词汇的范畴越小，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。,(2015全国片段) Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs. _36_ ，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt
50、running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day. BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you begin your training,
