1、Designation: F819 10Standard TerminologyRelating to Electrical Protective Equipment for Workers1This standard is issued under the fixed designation F819; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Referenced Documents1.1 ASTM Standards:2F712 Test Methods and Specifications for Electrically Insu-lating Plastic Guard Equipment for Protection
3、 of WorkersF1116 Test Method for Determining Dielectric Strength ofDielectric FootwearF1117 Specification for Dielectric Footwear2. Terminologyafterflame time, nthe length of time in seconds for which amaterial continues to flame after the ignition source has beenremovedDISCUSSIONIn arc testing, the
4、 length of time for which a specimencontinues to exhibit a visible flaming as determined by a time displayvideo recording of the specimen during arc testingarc duration, ntime duration of the arc(s).arc energy (vi dt), nsum of the instantaneous arc voltagevalues multiplied by the instantaneous arc c
5、urrent valuesmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc, (J).arc gapdistance between the arc electrodes (inch).Arc thermal performance value (ATPV), nin arc testing,the incident energy on a fabric or material that results in a50 % probability that sufficient heat transfer through thete
6、sted specimen is predicted to cause the onset of a second-degree skin burn injury based on the Stoll curvearc voltage, nvoltage across the gap caused by the currentflowing through the resistance created by the arc gap, V.asymmetrical arc current, nthe total arc current producedduring closure; it inc
7、ludes a direct component and a sym-metrical component, A.blanket roll-upa container made from fabric or similarmaterial and specifically designed to protect the blanket fromdamage during storage or transportation.blowout, nthe extinguishing of the arc caused by a magneticfield.breakdown, electricalt
8、he electrical discharge or arc occur-ring between the electrodes and through the equipment beingtested.bulk storagethe storage of hose or covers together with oneor more layers piled neatly, but without the benefit ofspacers, supports, or special protective containers.charring, nthe formation of car
9、bonaceous residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.closure, npoint on supply current wave form where arc isinitiated.color splasha splash, smear, or streak of contrasting colorevident on the inside or outside surface of the gloves orsleeves that was deposited during the dipping ope
10、ration andis vulcanized into the material as part of the patiblenot injurious to or changing the physical orelectrical characteristics of the blankets or affecting theirapplication, use, or acceptability.coveran electrically insulated enclosure designed to beinstalled temporarily on various types of
11、 irregularly shapedelectrical equipment to protect personnel and equipmentworking in close proximity.designated personan individual who is qualified by expe-rience or training to perform an assigned task.distortedphysically changed from the natural and originalshape, caused by stress of any type.ele
12、ctrical testing facilitya location with qualified personnel,testing equipment, and procedures for the inspection andelectrical testing of electrical insulating protective equip-ment.electrodethe energized or grounded conductor portion ofelectrical test equipment which is placed near or in contactwit
13、h the material or equipment being tested.electrode clearancethe shortest path from the energizedelectrode to the ground electrode.embrittlement, nthe formation of a brittle residue as theresult of pyrolysis or incomplete combustion.flashoverthe electrical discharge or arc occurring betweenelectrodes
14、 and over or around, but not through, the equip-ment being tested.1These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F18 onElectrical Protective Equipment for Workers and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee F18.60 on Terminology.Current edition approved April 1, 2010. Published
15、 May 2010. Originallyapproved in 1995. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as F819-08. DOI:10.1520/F0819-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the s
16、tandards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.foot portionthe portion of the footwear below the wearersankle bone.FRP insulating tubes and rodsfiberglass reinforced plastic(FRP) pro
17、ducts manufactured so that the tubes and rodsproduced will meet the electrical and mechanical require-ments in the standard.gauntletthe area of a glove between the wrist and thereinforced edge of the opening.halogenation treatmentexposure of the entire rubber sur-face area to a halogen for the purpo
18、se of reducing surfacefriction.heat attenuation factor HAF, nin electric arc testing, thepercent of the incident energy which is blocked by a materialat an incident energy level equal to ATPV.heat flux, nthe thermal intensity indicated by the amount ofenergy transmitted divided by area and time kW/m
19、2(cal/cm2s).hosean electrical insulating tube with a longitudinal slitdesigned to be installed temporarily on energized electricalwires.i2t, nsum of the instantaneous arc current values squaredmultiplied by the incremental time values during the arc(A2s).ignition, nthe initiation of combustion.incid
20、ent energy (Ei), nthe amount of energy (total heat,cal/cm2) received at a surface as a direct result of an electricarc discharge as measured by temperature rise on coppercalorimeters.insulatedseparated from other conducting surfaces by adielectric substance (including air space) offering a highresis
21、tance to the passage of current.DISCUSSIONWhen any object is said to be insulated, it is understoodto be insulated in a suitable manner for the conditions to which it issubjected. Otherwise, it is, within the purpose of this definition,uninsulated. Insulating covering of conductors is one means of m
22、akingthe conductor insulated.interior foam-filled tubea tube filled with homogeneousunicellular thermosetting foam having closed cells blownwith non-combustible gases, with the filling bonded to theinterior wall.DISCUSSIONThe foam filling should be free of voids, separations,holes, cracks, or the li
23、ke.isolatedan object that is not readily accessible to personsunless special means of access are used.ozonea very active form of oxygen that is produced bycorona, arcing, or ultraviolet rays.ozone cutting and checkingcracks produced by ozone in amaterial under mechanical stress.proof-test currentthe
24、 current measured during ac prooftests.DISCUSSIONThis current is an indication of the validity of thedielectric constant of the type of material used and the thickness of thetotal contact area under test.retestthe tests given after the initial acceptance test, usuallyperformed at regular periodic in
25、tervals or as required be-cause of physical inspection.rubbera generic term that includes elastomers and elastomercompounds, regardless of origin.sleeve roll-upa sleeve carrier formed of flat canvas-likematerial in which a pair of sleeves is rolled lengthwise.sleeve shoulder rollthe rolled or reinfo
26、rced edge of aninsulating sleeve nearest to the shoulder.sole, nthe underside of the boot or rubber that would be incontact with the ground.DISCUSSIONSee Test Method F1116 and Specification F1117. In thistype footwear, it is normally made as one piece and constructed of amolded elastomer.test, accep
27、tanceone made at the option of the purchaser toverify that a product meets design criteria.test, designone made on a sample treated as representativeof an industrial product. These tests will not generally berepeated in quantity production.test, routinea type of test made regularly on productionmate
28、rial.unassigned blanketsblankets that are in storage prior tobeing issued for use.user, nthe employer or entity purchasing the equipment to beutilized by workers for their protection; in the absence ofsuch an employer or entity, the individual purchasing andutilizing the protective equipment.visual
29、inspectiona visual check made to detect construc-tional defects.voltage, maximum retestvoltage, either ac rms or dcaverage, that is equal to the proof test voltage for newprotective equipment.voltage, maximum usethe ac voltage (rms) classification ofthe protective equipment that designates the maxim
30、umnominal design voltage of the energized system that may besafely worked. The nominal design voltage is equal tophase-to-phase voltage on multiphase circuits.If there is no multiphase exposure in a system area, and thevoltage exposure is limited to phase (polarity on dc systems) toground potential,
31、 the phase (polarity on dc systems) to groundpotential shall be considered to be the nominal design voltage.If electrical equipment and devices are insulated, or isolated,or both, such that the multiphase exposure on a grounded wyecircuit is removed, then the nominal design voltage may beconsidered
32、as the phase-to-ground voltage on that circuit.The formulas for determining the ac maximum use voltageare as follows:Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of actest voltage) 2000 ac VClasses 1, 2, 3 and 4: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dctest voltage) 30 500 dc VFor Class 00 and
33、Class 0 rubber gloves, and other Class 0equipment, the maximum use voltage values are not based onthe above formulas, but are listed in individual standards.Class 00: Maximum ac use voltage = 500 V with an ac testvoltage of 2500 VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = 1000 V with an ac testvoltage of 500
34、0 VClass 00: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dc test voltage)F819 102 9000 dc VClass 0: Maximum ac use voltage = (95 % of dc test voltage) 18 000 dc VThese formulas take into consideration that natural andman-made polymers ability to withstand voltage is not linearas the thickness and voltage incr
35、eases.This definition does not apply to electrically insulatingplastic equipment covered by Test Method F712.DISCUSSIONThe work practices and methods associated with re-moving multiphase exposure at any given work site are not addressedin the ASTM standards. The users of ASTM standards should refere
36、nceappropriate industry consensus standards for proper work practices.voltage, nominal designa nominal value consistent withANSI C84.1-2001, assigned to the circuit or system for thepurpose of conveniently designating its voltage class.voltage, retestvoltage, either ac rms or dc average, that usedpr
37、otective equipment must be capable of withstanding for aspecific test period without breakdown.X/R ratio, nthe ratio of system inductive reactance toresistance.DISCUSSIONIt is proportional to the L/R ratio of time constant, andis, therefore, indicative of the rate of decay of any DC offset. A largeX
38、/R ratio corresponds to a large time constant and a slow rate of decay.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of
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