1、第二讲 非谓语动词 第一课时 知识过关课,李仕才,复习非谓语动词还需掌握以下几点： 1句法作用(除谓语外的其他成分),2.时态和语态(以do为例),时态与语态的判断方法：,3非谓语动词的逻辑主语,4.有特殊要求的动词或动词短语,(1)有的动词后只能用不定式而不能接动名词作宾语。如ask，demand(要求)，plan，intend，mean(计划)，manage，do/try ones best，make an attempt，learn(学习)，wish，hope，desire，expect，long，want，would like，should like，would prefer(希望、愿
2、意)，agree，promise(同意)，decide，determine，choose，make a decision，make up ones mind(决定)，offer(主动提出)，apply(申请)，help(帮助)，fail(不能、没有)，prepare(准备)，pretend(假装)，refuse(拒绝)，happen(碰巧)，afford(负担得起)等。,(2)有的动词或动词短语后只能用动名词而不能接不定式。如allow，permit(允许)，consider(考虑)，suggest，advise(建议)，keep(on)(反复；不停)，finish(完成)，imagine(想
3、象)，practise(练习)，understand(明白)，appreciate，enjoy(喜欢)，miss(错过；怀念)，prevent(阻止)，forbid(禁止)，escape(避免)，include(包括)，forgive，pardon，excuse(原谅)，dislike(厌恶)，discuss(讨论)，report(报道)，admit(承认)，mind(介意)，risk(冒险)，cant stand(不能忍受)，burst out(突然开始)，feel like(想要)，insist on(坚持)，delay(推迟，延误)，put off(推迟)，give up(放弃)，be
4、busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)等。,(3)下列动词和短语动词后接不定式和接动名词意义不同：remember to do(记住去做)，remember doing(记得做过)；forget to do(忘记去做)，forget doing(忘记做过)；regret to do(遗憾地做)，regret doing(后悔做了)；try to do(设法做)，try doing(试做)；go on to do(接着做另一事)，go on doing(继续做同一事)；mean to do(打算做)，mean doing(意味着)；stop to do(停下来去做)，stop doing(停
5、止做)；cant help to do(不能帮助做)，cant help doing(情不自禁做)。,(4)在介词后一般用动名词，下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略)：prevent/stop/keep.from doing(阻止做)；spend/waste time or money in doing(在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱)；How/What about doing sth(做怎么样？)；have some difficulty/trouble in doing(在做方面有些困难)；have a hard time in doing sth(做某事很艰难)；ther
6、e is no sense in doing(做是没有理由/道理的)；thank/excuse/admire/praise/blame/scold/punish sb for doing sth(因做某事而感谢/原谅/羡慕/表扬/责备/责骂/惩罚某人)等。,(5)to是介词的固定词组很多，常见的有：look forward to(盼望)，devote.to/be devoted to(致力于)，be/get used to(习惯)，lead to(导致)，get down to(开始认真)，pay attention to(注意)，refer to(谈到)，point to(指向)，turn
7、to(转向)，object to(反对)，be equal to(等于，能胜任)，belong to(属于)等。 (6)在表示“需要”的need，want，require等后用v.-ing的主动式表示被动含义，此时也可用不定式的被动式。,(7)在make，let，have(使，让)等使役动词后作宾补的不定式要省略不定式符号to，但在被动语态后作主补时要加上to。在hear，see，watch等感官动词后，作宾补时，用原形表示动作全过程；用现在分词表示当时动作正在发生；若是被动语态，原形前要加上to。 此外，表示情感的动词，其分词作形容词用时，v.-ing表示“令人的”事物； v.-ed表示“感
8、到的”。如：surprising令人吃惊的(事物)；surprised(人)感到吃惊的。,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，留意领悟黑体画线的非谓语动词。思考：是哪类非谓语动词，在句中作什么成分。 Good afternoon，Ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce1 this English speech contest.As we all know，to master2 a foreign language is very important for us.Taking part3 in English sp
9、eech is a helpful way to learn English4Everyone wants to show 5 their best.When we have been preparing for it，we can improve our listening and speaking6 ability，developing7 a good habit of learning English8,In the process of the competition，you should pay attention to the rules made by us9First，you
10、should make your voice heard10 clearly by everyone，so reading aloud11 is very necessary.Second，you should try your best to express12 yourself in English fluently.Finally，you should finish your speech in five minutes. I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience w
11、ill feel satisfied13 with our performance.Thank you!,1to introduce this English speech contest是不定式作真正的主语，it是形式主语。 2to master a foreign language也是不定式作主语。 3Taking part in English speech是动名词短语作主语。 4to learn English是不定式作定语，修饰way。 5to show their best是不定式作宾语，在want，hope，decide等动词后，若用动词作宾语，只能用不定式。 6listenin
12、g and speaking是动名词作定语，修饰ability，表示类别。,7developing a good habit of learning English是现在分词短语作状语。 8learning English是动名词短语作介词of的宾语。 9made by us是过去分词短语作后置定语。 10heard clearly by everyone是过去分词短语作宾补。 11reading aloud是动名词短语作主语。 12to express yourself in English fluently是不定式作目的状语。 13satisfied是过去分词作形容词，在句中作表语，意为“
13、感到满意的”。,.单句填空(用所给动词的适当形式填空) 1Mary will never forget the first time she saw him.He suddenly appeared in class one day，_(wear)sunglasses. 2I noticed a man _(sit)at the front. 3He spat it out，_(say) it was awful. 4She wished that he was as easy _(please) as her mother，who was always delighted with perf
14、ume. 5For example，the proverb，“plucking up a crop _(help) it grow”，is based on the following story.,wearing,sitting,saying,to please,to help,6Simon made a big bamboo box _(keep) the little sick bird till it could fly. 7His first book _(publish) next month is based on a true story. 8Lydia doesnt feel
15、 like _(study) abroad.Her parents are old. 9Sarah pretended to be cheerful，_(say) nothing about the argument. 10I had great difficulty _(find) the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant. 11It rained heavily in the south，_(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. 12The traffic rule says yo
16、ung children under the age of four and _(weigh) less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,to keep,to be published,studying,saying,finding,causing,weighing,13I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office.She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. 14As a result of the serious floo
17、d，twothirds of the buildings in the area need _(repair) 15Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? 16Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _(set) up some schools for poor children. 17Tsinghua University，_(found) in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.,working,to
18、stop,repairing/to be repaired,marking,setting,founded,18Li Jian put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _(remind) of his own dreams. 19_(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy had got a chance to become famous. 20Claire had her luggage _(check) an hour before her plane left
19、. 21Alexander tried to get his work _(recognize) in the medical circles. 22A great number of students _ (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.,reminded,Offered,checked,recognized,questioned,.单句改错(下列每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。),动词不定式,1He managed escape from the fire._ 2No
20、thing will make me to change my mind._ 3Mary doesnt have to be made learn because she always works hard._ 4He hurried to the train station，only find the train had gone._ 5Tired from work，he wants to do nothing but to watch TV._ 6At present，I have no choice but wait._,在manage后加to,去掉to,在be made后加to,在f
21、ind前加to,去掉watch前的to,在but后加to,7You feel stressed out.Why not having a chat with our teachers？_ 8I dont think it possible to mastering a foreign language without much memory work._ 9Ive worked with children before，so I know what expect in my new job._ 10All of you can have another try if you want._,ha
22、vinghave,masteringmaster,在expect前加to,在want后加to,11In our city，there are a lot of restaurants that serving western food._ 12You cant imagine how excited it is to listen to top scientists share their prediction on what the world will be like in a century._ 13Sit beside me，my beloved daughter gave me a
23、vivid description of what she experienced in her dream._ 14We were kept to waiting for quite a long time before the host turned up._ 15On the Dragon Boat Festival，we saw the seashore crowded with people watched the dragon boat race._,动词-ing形式,去掉that/servingserve,excitedexciting,SitSitting,去掉waiting前
24、的to,watchedwatching,16It is no good copy the answer without trying to understand it._ 17Missing the train mean waiting for another hour._ 18The majority of the people questioned in an online survey are opposed to increase retirement age._ 19As a senior 3 student preparing for the coming test，he spen
25、ds most of his time improve this problemsolving ability._ 20It is reported that the hurricane caused great damage to the constructions of the town，with tens of hundreds of houses destroyed by the fallen trees._,copycopying,meanmeans,increaseincreasing,improveimproving,fallenfalling,21Now when people
26、 refer to England you find Wales including as well._ 22Exhausting，I slid into bed and fell fast asleep._ 23The paintings being stolen from the museum havent been found._ 24The murderer was brought in, with his hands tying behind._ 25Mr.Smith，tired of the bored speech，started to read a novel._ 26Seei
27、ng from the space，the earth looks blue._,动词-ed形式,includingincluded,ExhaustingExhausted,去掉stolen前的being,tyingtied,boredboring,SeeingSeen,27The architects inviting by the king thought highly of the bridge built，and gave more suggestions before it was finished._ 28Keep in refrigerator，these vegetables
28、will remain fresh._ 29Do you think the workers can get the job finishing on time？_ 30We hear it say frequently that what now people most desire is security._,invitinginvited；在built前加being,KeepKept,finishingfinished,saysaid,.语篇填空(用所给动词的正确形式填空) 1_(fall) in love with a beautiful lady，a lion went to her
29、 parents and asked them 2._(marry) her to him.The old parents did not know what to say. Not 3._(hope) to give their daughter to the lion，they did not want 4._(anger) the king of beasts. At last the father said，“We are glad 5._(marry) our daughter to you，but we fear that you might possibly hurt her.S
30、o 6._(remove) your claws and teeth，you can marry her.”,7_(love) the lady very much，the lion trimmed(修剪) his claws and took out his big teeth.8._(come) to the parents again，he was simply laughed in his face.9._(beat) out of the house，the lion felt 10._(depress) and died soon.,【语篇导读】 这是一则有深刻意义的寓言故事。寓意
31、：有些人轻易相信别人的话，抛弃自己的长处，结果轻而易举地被原来害怕自己的人击败了。 1Falling a lion与fall是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示原因。 2to marry ask sb to do sth，不定式作宾补。 3hoping they与hope是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示让步，相当于Although they didnt hope to. 4to anger want后只能用不定式作宾语，意为“不想激怒百兽之王”。 5to marry 在作表语的形容词glad后作状语，表示原因，只能用不定式。,6removing you与remove是主动关系，用v
32、.ing形式作状语，表示条件，相当于if you remove.。 7Loving the lion与love是主动关系，用v.ing形式作状语，表示原因。 8Coming he与come是主动关系，用v.ing形式作伴随状语。 9Beaten the lion与beat是被动关系，用v.ed形式作状语，表示原因。 10depressed 表示狮子“感到沮丧的”，用v.ed形式作表语。,第二课时 高考研究课,非谓语动词在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,“4步法”轻松搞定语法填空 第一步：利用“有无连词”原则确定是谓语还是非谓语 分析句子结构，判断出句子的主干主语和谓语。如果题线处作谓语，则要用谓
33、语动词；如果题线处不作谓语，则要用非谓语动词。 第二步：根据句意和作用确定句子成分 根据句意和题线处在句子中的位置和作用，确定其所充当的句子成分，从而确定空格内所需填入的非谓语动词的形式。,第三步：根据与逻辑主语的关系确定语态 如果非谓语动词表示的动作与其逻辑主语之间为主谓关系，则用v.-ing形式或不定式的主动式；若为动宾关系，则用v.-ing形式的被动式、不定式的被动式或过去分词。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或不定式的完成式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之后用不定式或v.-ing形式的一般式。,1
34、This included digging up the road，_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.(2017全国卷)2Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.(2017全国卷),laying laying和句中的diggin
35、g up, building并列，作include的宾语。,真题验证1,to process require sb to do sth要求某人做某事。,3Fast food is full of fat and salt; by _(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.(2017全国卷)4But unlike her school friends，16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm _(rest)Instead, she
36、 is earning 6，500 a day as a model in New York.(2017全国卷),eating by在此处表示“通过”，是介词，后接动词ing形式作宾语。,resting spend time (in) doing花费时间做某事，为固定句型。,5But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants _(prove)that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全国卷)6Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had r
37、emoved the diamond ring _(cook)a meal.(2017浙江卷),to prove 根据句子结构可知，此处应该使用不定式作动词want的宾语。,to cook 根据句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词remove，故此处用不定式作目的状语。,7My ambassadorial duties will include _(introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxi
38、a.(2016全国卷)8If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _(bring) your work home.(2016全国卷),introducing 动名词introducing作include的宾语。,to bring be likely to do.有可能做，为固定句型。,9In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to
39、 “air condition” a house without _(use) electric equipment.(2015全国卷)10When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _(cool) the house during the hot day.(2015全国卷),using 介词后常常用动名词形式作宾语。,to cool beadj.enough to do足够可以做，为固定句型。,11Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company i
40、n Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.(2015全国卷)12Yangshuo is really beautiful.A study of travelers _(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015全国卷),living live和people之间为主动关
41、系，故用现在分词。,conducted conduct与其所修饰的名称study构成被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。,非谓语动词在短文改错中的考查点,1正确分析句子结构。如果句中已有谓语动词，那么另外一个动词在无连词的情况下要改为非谓语动词。 2根据非谓语动词在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，判断非谓语动词的形式。 3确定非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系。 4牢记一些常用搭配。 5介词后常常使用动名词作宾语。,规律方法,1I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国卷)_2After looks
42、at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.(2015全国卷)_3Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.(2015四川卷)_,真题验证2,wearwearing 介词后应使用动名词作宾语。,lookslooking 介词后应使用动名词作宾语。,singsinging spend time (in) doing.为固定句型。,4I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking
43、 at the view.(2015浙江卷)_5One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue.(陕西卷)_6Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(全国卷)_,sitsitting enjoy后常常接动名词作宾语。,havehaving 句中谓语动词为sat，且句中无连词，故have应该改为现在分词短语作伴随状
44、语。,HaveHaving 谓语动词为provides，根据句子结构可知，其前应该为主语，故用动名词having作主语。,第三课时 写作增分课,非谓语动词在写作中的增分点 一、用不定式或动名词作主语写句子,1如果你想上一个好的大学，学好英语是一件必须做的事情。(be admitted to a key college, learn English well, a must),_,(也可用To learn。用Learning时句子表达的是一般常识；用To learn, you指的是具体的一个人),Learning English well is a must if you want to be
45、admitted to a key college.,2经常锻炼身体不仅对我们的健康有好处，还可以使我们学习更高效。(take exercise regularly, do a lot of good to, learn more effectively),3现在辍学不是个好主意，你以后会后悔的。(drop out of school, regret),_,_,Taking exercise regularly will do a lot of good to our health, which can also help us learn,more effectively.,_,To drop out of school now is not a good idea, for which you will regret in the future.,二、用非谓语动词作表语写句子 1我的爱好是听音乐和踢足球。(hobby),
