1、第五讲 状语从句 第一课时 知识过关课,李仕才,1在时间状语或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时，用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 2辨析：when，while，as引导时间状语从句。while必须与延续性动词连用，强调主句动作延续到从句所指的整个时间时，只能用while；表示“随着”只能用as；表示有规律的“每当”时或主句动作与从句动作有先后时，只能用when。 3辨析：because，since，as引导原因状语从句。because语气最强，表示直接的原因，是说话人认为对方不知道的原因，它引导的从句通常位于主句之后；在回答why时，或者在强调结构中，只能用because。since
2、和as是对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景，它们引导的从句多位于主句前，有时也位于主句后。,4as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词必须置于句首；though引导让步状语从句时，这些成分可置于句首也可用正常语序；但although等其他词引导的让步状语从句不能将这些成分前置。 5表示“虽然”的连词though/although不能与表示“但是”的连词but连用；表示“原因”的because等连词不可与表示结果的连词so等同时使用。,读语篇，悟语法。反复朗读下列短文，领悟画线黑体部分。思考：有多少种状语从句？下面的状语从句各属于哪一种？有哪些特殊的用法？ My mother was coo
3、king in the kitchen while1 I was doing my school assignments.As soon as2 I finished my homework, I went to get some water to drink. Then the doorbell rang. However, my sister unlocked the door before3 I could open it.We were surprised the moment4 we saw her because5 her clothes and face were terribl
4、y dirty.She looked much poorer than6 we expected. Since7 we didnt know what had happened to her, we stood there and waited for my sisters story. We wouldnt leave unless8 my sister told us all about it. After9 my sister got changed, she told us that she,fell into a ditch when10 she walked on a path o
5、n her way to my uncles home in the countryside. She couldnt get out of the ditch.Although11 she cried for help, no one could hear her. She tried to climb out of it, but, however12 hard she tried, she failed to escape from it. As13 time went by, she got worried. After several vain attempts she had to
6、 stand where14 she was and waited until15 a boy student passed by and gave her a hand. The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope. She did as16 the boy told, so that17 she came out. My sister also warned us to be careful when18 walking on a path even though/if 19 we are in a
7、 great hurry. Thats true. We should mind our step so that20 we can ensure our safety.,1用于对比两件事，意思是“而”用while，不能用when/as代替。 2as soon as引导时间状语从句，表示“一就”。 3before表示“还没来得及就”。 4名词词组如the moment/the second/the day/the first time/next time.等可以用来引导时间状语从句。 5引导表示原因的从句时用because，其引导的原因状语从句一般放在主句之后，而如果只是名词性短语表示原因，则
8、用because of引导。 6在表示比较时，用than来引导比较状语从句，than也可以作介词。,7对大家已知的事实提供理由或背景时，常用since引导，意思是“既然”。其引导的从句多在主句之前。 8引导条件状语从句，unlessif.not，是“除非，如果不”之意。 9after/before引导表示时间先后的状语从句，根据实际表达需要选用其一。 10when引导表示“当时”的时间状语从句。 11引导让步状语从句时，可以用although或though，主句可以与副词still连用，但不能再与连词but连用了，一个复合句只需一个连词。当是as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于
9、句首。,12however引导让步状语从句时，其后常接形容词或副词，用于修饰该形容词或副词，wherever，whenever也可以引导让步状语从句，在从句中作状语，相当于no matter how/where/when；另外whatever，whoever，whichever也可以引导让步状语从句。 13表示“随着”时，只能用as引导。 14引导地点状语从句时，用where/wherever，表示“在的地方”。 15固定用法“直到才”可以用两种表达形式：“延续性动词until句子”(用肯定形式)；“not短暂性动词until句子”(用否定形式)。,16引导方式状语从句时，可以用as，意思是“
10、按照，像那样”。 17so that引导结果状语从句，从句表示的通常是某件事的结果。 18when引导表示“当时”的时间状语从句时，如果主句的主语和从句的主语是一致的，可以省略when从句的主语和be动词，用分词来表示。 19表示“即使，尽管”的even though/if引导让步状语从句。 20so that除了引导结果状语从句外，还可以引导目的状语从句，常与情态动词can/could等连用。,.单句填空(用适当的从属连词填空) 1_ hard you try, it is very difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amou
11、nt you eat. 2Did Jenny return early last night? Exactly. It was not yet nine oclock _ she arrived home. 3_ the doctor has warned him of the side effects of the medicine, he still takes it every day. 4If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one. 5Quiet boy _ he may be, he talks a l
12、ot about his favorite singers after class.,However,when,Though/Although,before,as/though,6The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. 7She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves. 8If you happen to get lost in the wild, youd better stay _ y
13、ou are and wait for help. 9I went on with my work _ I finished washing all the clothes. 10You will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.,because,unless,where,until,unless,.单句改错(下列每句中有一处错误，每处涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改，请指出并改正。) 1He cant come because of he is ill._ 2She studied hard so that cou
14、ld catch up with others._ 3Only we keep optimistic can we succeed._ 4When he hesitating, a man came up to him._ 5Although she was in poor health, but she continued to carry out her duties. _,去掉because后的of,在that后加she,在only后加when,在he后加was,去掉but,6I will stick to my plan if you agree with me or not._ 7I
15、 lived in this house since I came to this city._ 8I had hardly got home than it began to rain._ 9We left in so a hurry that we forgot to lock the door._ 10He came in quietly in order to he wouldnt wake his wife._,ifwhether,在lived前加have,thanwhen,sosuch,tothat,.语篇填空(在下面空格处填入1个适当的连接词，使结构完整，语意通顺。) My cl
16、assmate Michael studied very hard 1._ he went to senior school. Every day he worked 2._ every one left the classroom. He said he wouldnt stop trying 3._ he got satisfying scores in his studies.Hard 4._ he tried, he made little progress, but he didnt lose heart at all 5._ he believed as long as he pe
17、rsisted he would succeed one day.6._ time went by, he made improvements in his studies and he was admitted to a university in Guangzhou at last. We had a gettogether party 7._,we started our new life in university.8._ everyone had got offers from universities, we had a very good time. When we stood
18、9._ we used to play and study, we couldnt help thinking of our happy old days. We believed we would never forget each other，10._ we would go or whatever we would do. Before we departed，11._ we seemed a little sadder 12._ before, we still fought back the tears.,【语篇导读】 我的同学Michael上了高中之后努力学习，一开始效果并不好，但
19、经过坚持不懈的努力，他终于考上了广州的一所大学。 1after 根据语境“Michael上了高中后就开始努力学习”。 2until “直到才”是固定用法，“延续性动词until句子”用肯定形式，而“not短暂性动词until句子”则用否定形式。 3unless 根据句意“除非他取得满意的成绩，否则他是不会放弃的”可知。 4as 引导让步状语从句时，从句中的状语、表语或动词置于句首，意思是“尽管”。 5because 根据前面可知“尽管他没有取得很大的进步，但是他毫不气馁，因为他坚信只要坚持，总会成功”。,6As 根据句意“随着时间的流逝”，只能用as。 7before 引导时间状语从句，意思是
20、“在之前”。 8Since 从下文“we had a very good time”可以推断出，此从句是原因状语从句，从句在主句之前，常用since，意思是“既然”。 9where 动词stood是不及物动词，其后跟的是表示地点的状语从句，意为“站在曾经学习和玩耍的地方”。 10wherever 从下文“or whatever we would do”可知，前面是一样的结构，从句缺状语。 11although/though 从下文的“we still fought back the tears”可知前面是让步状语从句。 12than 从前面的“a little sadder”可知是比较状语，用
21、than。,第二课时 高考研究课,状语从句在语法填空中的考查点,规律方法,1正确理解语境； 2根据语境暗含的逻辑关系，选用正确的连接词。,1Pahlsson screamed _ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt myself，”says Pahlsson.(2017浙江卷)2Over time, _ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more q
22、uickly.(2016全国卷),真题验证1,so Pahlsson大声尖叫，以至于她的女儿跑了过来。根据后面的loudly that her daughter came running from the house可知，此处为so. that.表示“如此以至于”，so在此处修饰副词loudly。,as/when 语境意义：随着人口的增长。根据语境可知，此处应该填时间状语的连词。,3The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. _ it cried, she rocked it back and fo
23、rth and gave it little comforting pats.(2016四川卷)4Oh., _ you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep breath.(辽宁卷),When/If 语境意义：这位妈妈在很大程度上和人类一样用前肢抱着婴儿，如果婴儿哭了/当婴儿哭的时候，它会前后摇晃，并轻轻拍打来安慰婴儿。根据语境可知所填之处引导条件状语从句或时间状语从句。,if 语境意义：如果你不介意，我想停下来喘口气。根据语境可知所填之处引导条件状语从句。,状语从句在短文改错中的考查点,1根据语境体现的上下文逻辑关系，判断连词是否正确； 2两个并列成分之间是否
24、只有一个连词。,规律方法,1My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.(2015陕西卷)_2Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.(2016全国卷)_,真题验证2,afterwhen/while 连词误用，after意为：在之后；when/while意为：在时候。,去掉but 连词多余，句子中含有though/although时，后面的句子不再使用but。,第三课时 写作增分课,状语从句在
25、写作中的增分点 一、用好时间状语从句 1他正沿着马路骑车上学，这时，一辆小汽车插进来，把他撞倒了。(ride along the road, cut in, knock him down)_ 2随着时间流逝，我渐渐对自己失去了信心。(lose confidence in, gradually, as time goes by)_,He was riding along the road when a car cut in and knocked him down.,I lost confidence in myself gradually as time went by.,3我一听到这个消息，
26、就急不可待地想告诉我父母。(the moment, cant wait to)_ 4他不久就会辞职。他在我来这里之前很久就在这里教学。(quit, before long, long before)_ 5我们应当趁还来得及早点采取措施。(take measures, too late)_,I couldnt wait to tell my parents the news the moment I heard it.,He will quit before long. He began to teach here long before I came here.,We should take
27、measures before its too late.,6直到老师跟我谈心之后，我才意识到我犯了多么大的一个错误。(not until, realize)_,二、利用原因状语从句中的高级句式来写作 1李华一定是来了，因为他的书在课桌上。(must have, for)_ 2既然你不得不整天呆在教室里，你倒不如利用这个机会全身心地投入到学习上。(now that, might as well, put your heart into)_,Not until my teacher had a talk with me heart to heart did I realize what a mi
28、stake I had made.,Li Hua must have come, for his books are on his desk.,Now that you have to stay in the classroom all day, you might as well put your heart into your studies.,3你应当好好学习，因为它可以为你的未来打下坚实的基础。(in that, lay a solid foundation)_ 4他考试不及格是因为他粗心。(fail the exam, because, careless)_,You should s
29、tudy hard in that it can lay a solid foundation for your future.,He failed the exam because he was careless.,三、地点状语从句对写作也很增彩 1哪里阳光、雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油的。(wherever, the fields are green)_ 2不管你在哪里，不管你做什么，一定要照看好自己。(wherever, whatever, take care of)_,3当你读书的时候，你最好在你不理解的地方做个标记。(make a mark)_,Wherever theres ple
30、nty of sun and rain, the fields are green.,Wherever you are and whatever you do, please take good care of yourself.,When you are reading, youd better make a mark where you dont understand.,四、用好方式状语从句 1你可以按照上次我告诉你的那样下载这个软件。(download the software, as)_ 2他看起来好像前一天夜里没睡觉一样。(as if, sleep a wink)_ 3他英语说得非常
31、流利，好像他就是一个母语是英语的人一样。(fluently, as if, native speaker)_,You can download the software as I told you last time.,He looked as if he hadnt slept a wink the night before.,He speaks English very fluently as if he were a native speaker.,五、正确利用目的状语从句来写作 1在考试中我非常紧张，害怕考试再一次不及格。(be nervous, for fear that, fail
32、)_ 2我每天五点钟就起床，以便能在期末考试中能拿到班级第一名。(so that, get the first place)_,I was very nervous in the exam for fear that I should fail a second time.,I get up at 5 am every day so that I can get the first place in our class in the final exams.,3请带上雨伞或者雨衣，以防下雨。(umbrella, raincoat, in case)_ 4多和父母交流，以便你们能更好地相互了解。
33、(communicate with)_,Please take an umbrella or a raincoat with you in case it rains.,Communicate more frequently with your parents so that you can understand each other better.,六、利用条件状语从句中的高级句式来写作 1我明天会准时到那里，除非下雨。(unless)_ 2只要你坚持按你制定的计划来提高英语，你的英语就会越来越好。(as long as, stick to, improve)_ 3一旦他下定决心，没有人能改
34、变。(once, make up ones mind, change it)_,I will get there on time unless it rains tomorrow.,As long as you stick to the plan youve made to improve your English, your English will get better and better.,Once hes made up his mind, nobody can change it.,七、正确利用让步状语从句来写作 1尽管我们的政府已采取了一些措施，但是污染却越来越严重。(altho
35、ugh, government, take some measures, pollution)_ 2即使你落到别人后面也不要泄气。(get discouraged, even if)_,Although the government has taken some measures, the pollution is still getting worse and worse.,Dont get discouraged even if you have fallen behind others.,3所有的学生，不管他们的学业成绩是好是坏，都在为到来的考试做准备。(whether.or, acad
36、emic performance, prepare oneself for)_ 4尽管上网有好处，但不要在上面花费太多时间。(while, the Internet, of great help, spend too much)_,All the students, whether their academic performances are good or bad, are all preparing themselves for the coming exams.,While the Internet is of great help, dont spend too much time on it.,
