八年级物理上册3.2熔化和凝固课件(新版)新人教版.ppt

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1、第三章 物态变化,第二节 熔化和凝固,学习目标,1.能区别物质的气态、液态和固态三种形态,知道物质的固态和液态之间是可以转化的。2.知道熔化曲线和凝固曲线的物理含义,并知道晶体和非晶体的区别3.通过探究实验,使学生了解图象在探究物理规律中的作用,湖面结冰,1、熔化物质从固态变成液态的过程。,2、凝固物质从液态变成固态的过程。,一、熔化和凝固,雪糕熔化,二、探究固体熔化时温度变化规律,物质熔化过程中温度如何变化?有什么特点?,探究目的,实验装置图,火柴 秒表,铁架台,海波(或石蜡),试管,水,烧杯,石棉网,酒精灯,温度计,安全提示,展讲任务,熔化特点(实验小结):,海波熔化时,温度 ,需要 。,

2、石蜡熔化时,温度 ,需要 。,固体分类,在熔化过程中,不断吸热,但温度却保持不变,在熔化过程中,需要不断吸热,温度就会不断升高,3、熔点 晶体熔化时的温度,不变,不断上升,吸热,吸热,晶体:,非晶体:,4、晶体熔化的条件:达到熔点 继续吸热,几 种 常 见 晶 体,几 种 常 见 非 晶 体,几种晶体的熔点/ (在标准大气压下),二、探究固体凝固时温度变化规律,物质凝固过程中温度如何变化?有什么特点?,探究目的,展讲任务,视频,5、晶体凝固时也有一定的温度,叫做凝固点。,6、同种晶体的熔点和凝固点相同,而非晶体同样也没有凝固点。,7、晶体凝固的条件:(1)达到凝固点(2)继续放热,凝固的特点,小结:,不变,不变,下降,上升,放热,吸热,

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