九年级物理上册11.5机械效率学案(无答案)(新版)苏科版.doc

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1、111.5 机械效率一、自学目标1、知道有用功、额外功、总功的概念和它们之间的关系;2、知道机械效率的概念,知道机械效率的计算公式和物理意义,并理解实际的机械效率总小于 100%;3、能设计实验测定某种简单机械的机械效率,知道如何提高滑轮组的机械效率。二、自学内容与方法指导1、再探动滑轮(1)用弹簧测力计沿 方向 拉动动滑轮。(2)待测物理量:绳受到的 、绳端 、钩码的 、物体上升 。(3)测量工具: 、 。(4)表格设计:实验次数 F/N S/m G/N h/m FS/J Gh/J123(5)改变钩码数量,多次实验的目的是: 。(6)实验结论:动滑轮对钩码的拉力所做的功 手拉绳子所做的功。2

2、三种功(1)有用功:使用机械做功时,为了 而做的功叫有用功。(2) 额外功:使用机械做功时,对人们没有用但 功叫额外功。(3) 总功: 叫总功。2三种功的关系: 。例 1:表示出以下情况的有用功和额外功:用水桶打水时,将水桶提升了 h(已知 G 桶 和 G 水 ): 将掉入井中的水桶捞出来,提升了 h(已知 G 桶 和 G 水 ): 例 2:表示出以下三种机械的有用功、总功、额外功。3、机械效率(1)定义: 叫机械效率。(2)公式: (3)机械效率大的含义是: (4)理解机械效率:由于 的存在,总有 W 有用 W 总 ,因此 100%。三、自学检测课时作业本 P23 课堂作业 1、3、4四、自学质疑五、当堂检测(2018潍坊)如图所示,工人用滑轮组提升重为 400N 的货物所用拉力恒为 240N,货物被匀速提升10m。求:(1)工人做的功 (2)滑轮组的机械效率3

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