1、1考点 26 并列句和状语从句高考频度：考 向 一 并 列 句 一、并列连词1.表示并列关系的连词：and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子，表示一种顺接的关系。We are singing and they are dancing.or：用于否定句中连接并列成分，表示和，与；用于祈使句+or+陈述句中，意为否则，要不然。The baby is too young. He cant speak or walk.bothand：两个都，连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow
2、.eitheror：要么要么，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与 or后的部分保持一致。Either she or I am right.neithernor: 既不也不，连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时，谓语动词通常与 nor后的部分保持一致。Neither he nor I am right.not onlybut also: 不仅 而且，强调后者；引导并列主语时，谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money t
3、o our school.2. 表示转折关系的并列连词but 但是，所连接的成分意思相反或相对。Our school is small but beautiful.while 然而，可是，表对比。2He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.yet 但是，然而，用于转折。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了，但我还要尝试。3. 表示因果关系的并列连词for：so：4. 其他常用并列连词when：就在那时，常用句型：be about to dowhenbe going to dowhenbe doi
4、ngwhenI was about to leave when the telephone rang. 二、并列句 并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成， 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。在并列句中， 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组， 或者连接副词来连接分句，有时甚至不用并列连词， 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。3常用的并列连词有：and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor 并列连词词组有：eitheror, neithernor, bothand, as well as, not onlybut also 连接副词有：bes
5、ides, furthermore, moreover 1. 表示联合关系常用 and , neithernor, not onlybut also 等连词There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.2. 表示选择关系常用 or, either or 等连词We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.either one of his daughters repla
6、ces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. 3. 表示转折和对比关系 常用 yet， but， however， while 等but表示完全转折， 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet 既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors. They wanted to charge 5,000 for the car, but we managed to br
7、ing the price down.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.One can not see wind, however, it does exist.Id like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)I
8、t is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)4. 表示因果关系常用 so， for，therefore 等连接词I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.4It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.5. 表示条件或者结果常用 and或者 or等连词Sim
9、ply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.Dont drive too fast or you will have an accident .Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.You have to move out of the way or the truck cant get past.6. 表示递进关系常用 besides， furthermore，moreover 等连接副词。Television is entertaining; besid
10、es/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.注意：1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。(1)祈使句，and/or主谓结构。(2)名词短语，and主谓结构。(3).be about to.when.正要这时突然Climb to the top of the mountain，and youll get a good view of the city.Hurry up，or youll be late.Another five minutes，and Ill finish the composition.A few minutes and they went aw
11、ay.He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.2.however，but，while 的用法比较。however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but 不需另起新句。while 既表示对比，又表转折。He was ill，but he still kept on working. What she said sounded reasonable，Mr. Green，however，didnt believe her. 她5说得有道理，然而，格林先生就是不信她。There is plenty of rain in the south
12、while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。3.(1) so不能与 because连用。(2)but，while 不与 although连用，但 yet，still 可与 although连用1.（2018新课标 I卷短文改错）At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【参考答案】but 改为 and2.（2017新课标 I卷短文改错） Before getting into the c
13、ar, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes（改为went） blank, I forgot what he had said to me altogether.【参考答案】so 改为 but/yet【答案解析】考查连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白，前后文为转折关系，故将 so改为 but或 yet。3. （2017新课标 III卷短文改错）I had（改为 have） grown not only physic
14、ally, and also mentally in the past few years.【参考答案】and 改为 but【答案解析】考查连词。固定短语 not onlybut also意为不但而且。4. (2017北京卷单项填空)Peter, please send us postcards _ well know where you have visited.No problem.A. but B. or C. for D. so【参考答案】D65.(2016北京卷单项填空) I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and
15、 I love today.A. so B. and C. for D. but【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查并列连词。句意：我不害怕明天，因为我已经经历了昨天并且深爱着今天。so 后跟结果；and 表并列关系；for 补充说明原因；but 表转折。故选 C。考 向 二 状 语 从 句定义在复合句中担任状语成分的从句称为状语从句。按其意义可分为时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，结果，目的，方式，比较状语从句等。状语从句可放在主句的前后，一般用逗号隔开。状语从句常由引导词（连接词）引导。地点状语从句地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever 引导。as, (just) asso引导的方式状语
16、从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) asso结构中位于句首，这时 as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如，就像，多用于正式文体。方式状语从句as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛似的，好像似的。because, since, as和 for （1）because 语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答 why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用 as或 since。原因状语从句（2）由 because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 fo
17、r来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。分类目的状语从句表示目的状语的从句可以由 that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。7结果状语从句结果状语从句常由 so that 或 suchthat引导，掌握这两个句型，首先要了解 so和 such与其后的词的搭配规律。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。注意： so many 已成固定搭配，a l
18、ot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such搭配。 sothat与 suchthat之间的转换既为 so与 such之间的转换。条件状语从句连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。注意：unless = if not. 让步状语从句连接词 though, although，后面的从句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet可连用。比较状语从句引导词及用法：（not） so / as as, than,
19、the +比较级 the +比较级, except/excepting that.（除了） 。分类时间状语从句连接词：when/while/as,till/until,since,before/after, once /as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /no soonerthan/hardly（scarcely,rarely）when ,the first（second）last/next/every /each /by the time等分类时间状语从句when/whi
20、le/as都表示当的时候，但 when侧重某一时刻的动作或状态，while 侧重某一持续时间段的动作或状态，as 侧重紧接着发生的动作或状态，强调8同一时间，一先一后，一边一边。when的其他用法及意义：（1）突然，正在此时，常构成以下结构：be（was/were）+ doing sth/about to do sth/on the point of doing sth/to do sth/on ones way to.+when（ vt-ed）. /had done+when（ vt-ed）（2）既然/如果until/till二者意义相同，until 比 till正式，句首只能用until。
21、肯定句且谓语动词为延续性动词时表示直到为止；否定句且谓语动词为终止性动词时表示 直到才，常构成not.until.=before.但 not until放在句首时，主句应该半倒装（倒主不倒从） 。prep 自从以来 主句（一般/现在完成时）+since+时间点adv. 从那以后 since then/ever since 强调某一动作或状态的一直，它所修辞的主句谓语动词须为延续性动词。分类时间状语从句since conj. 主句（一般 /现在完成时）+since 从句（ vt-ed）（1）主句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，必须强调动作的多次。Great changes have taken pla
22、ce since I left this city.（take place 为终止性动词，故译为自9从我离开这城市，发生了很多变化）（2）从句谓语动词为非延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示延续多长时间了，按正常语序翻译。（3）若从句谓语动词为延续性动词时，则从句的动作表示已结束多长时间了。（4）it is /was/has been+一段时间+since（vt-ed）. 自从有多长时间了before在之前；还没（来得及.就； 趁着还没【固定用法】 it was（not）/had done一段时间before（ vt-ed）还要过多久才（不多久就了） it will（not）be一段时间before
23、（一般式） 还要过多久才（不多久就了） there is +一段时间+to go（=left）before（一般式）. 在之前 long before 不久前, 用于一般过去时和完成时中；before long = soon/not long after 不久后,用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。分类时间状语从句其他once（一旦/曾经，常放在句首）/as soon as/the moment/the minute/the instant/immediately/ directly/instantly, /hardly（scarcely,rarely）when/no soonerthan （一就）
24、 ； hardly/ scarcely/ rarely/ no sooner置于句首须半倒装，构成hardlyscarcely,rarely/no sooner+had 10+s+done.when/than）.the first（second）time/last（next）time/every（each）time/by the time（常与完成时连用）1.Its much easier to make friends _ you have similar interests.A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that【参考答案】B 2.I too
25、k my driving license with me on holiday, _ I wanted to hire a car.A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only【参考答案】A 【答案解析】考查状语从句的连接词。带驾照的目的是便于租车，所以选 A。in case 以防、以免或以便于。even if即使，用于让步状语从句；ever since自从，一般引导时间状语从句；if only 倘若，用于条件句，使用虚拟语气。题组一 基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1. I have long been interested in
26、 space exploration _I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.2.Oliver is not the right sort of person for the job，_Ill pay him off.3.I believed her_surely she would not lie to me.4. And why are some people happy and successful_others arent?5. Its not doing the things we like，_liking th
27、e things we have to do 11that makes life happy.6.The children must have got lost in the woods；_，they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled. II.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1. I will be grateful _ you could give me a kind consideration.2. _I showed my answer to him，the teacher praised me for my in
28、dependent thinking.3._cleaning street is no more than an ordinary job，it contributes to the society.4.Good opinions are worth sticking to _they can benefit us all.5.Leave your key with a neighbor _you lock yourself out one day.6.It took nearly two hundred years _I was built as an analytical machine
29、by Charles Babbage.题组二 能力提升I.单项填空1. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. so B. or C. for D. but2.Theres no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.A. since Bif C. as D. while3. I was glad to me
30、et Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and Cso Dor4. I think wed better keep to the subject, _ well waste our timeA. and B. or C. but D. so5.Glad to see you, Kate.Oh, my God. Its been 20 years _ we last saw each other.A. when B. before C. after D. since126.What a terrible
31、 accident!Yes. It happened _ he four roads meet.A. where B. that C. when D.as7. _ the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system for the blind was too difficult to be of practical use.A.As B. Since C. While D. When8.Chinas economy is sure to develop very quickly _ the new government is
32、 able to work scientifically and practically.A. even though B.in case C.as though D.in that9.Im totally confused about why she steals things_ she can easily afford to buy them.A. if B. when C. while D. because10._be late again, he came to school by taxi this morning.A. In order to B. So as to C. In
33、order not to D. So as not toII.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)Gandhi was honored as the father of the Indian nation, _1_he has been respected by the Indians with the belief that he is an Indian national hero.He was born in India in 1869.As is recorded，he did not get married _2_13 years old, following the local custo
34、m. In 1888 he sailed to England, _3_studying law for three years and became a lawyer._4_he returned to India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.In South Africa he was surprised to find that the problem of racial discrimination was serious._5_，he formed an organization _6_this was how
35、 he started to fight for equal rights.Gandhi returned to India in 1915, _7_India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence for his country._8_in the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were 13put in prison _9_it was still
36、not sure whether they could gain independence，the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give in _10_India won its independence in 1947.Unfortunately Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed his views and died on January 30th, 1948.题组三体验真题1.（2017天津）I _ down to London when I suddenly
37、found that I was on the wrong road.A. was driving B. have driven C. would drive D. drove2.(2015北京)He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.A.so B. but C. or D. as3.(2014北京) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. so B. orC. for D. but
38、4. (2013新课标全国卷)I was glad to meet Jenny again, _ I didnt want to spend all day with her.A. but B. and C. so D. or14题组一 基础过关I.根据语境在空白处填入适当的并列连词1.and 2.so 3.for 4.while 5.but6.otherwiseII.根据语境在空白处填入适当的状语从句的连词1.if 2.When 3.Although 4.because 5.in case6.before题组二 能力提升I.单项填空1.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所
39、以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，所以导致植物传播，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选 A。3.A 【解析】考查连词。句意：我很高兴又遇见了珍妮， 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的 didnt表示否定，由此可知这里是转折的意思。故选 A。4. B 【解析 】考查连词的用法。句意：我觉得我们最好是继续这一科目。否则会浪费我们的时间。and 表并列关系；or 表示选择；but 表示转折；so 表示因果。本题旨在说明要么继续这一科目，要么浪费时间，二者择一。故答案为 B。5.D 【解析】考查连词。句意：凯特，很高兴见到你。天啊！自从我们上次相见
40、已经 20年了。A. when当时候；B. before在之前；C. after15在之后；D. since自从。Since 引起时间状语从句，从句的时态用一般过去时，而主句中用现在完成时。故选 D。6.A 【解析】考查地点状语从句。句意：多么可怕的事故！是啊。它发生在四条路的交汇处。根据句意可知此处应用 where引导地点状语从句，故选 A。7.C 【解析】考查连词。as正如，因为；since自从，既然；while当时候，尽管；when当时候。结合该句两个主谓结构表示的意思可知，该空应表示让步尽管。句意：尽管学生们觉得这位士兵的观点很有趣，但供盲人使用的这个系统太难以致没有实用价值。故选 C
41、项。8.D 【解析】考查状语从句。A. even though 即使，尽管；B. in case 以防，万一；C. as though好像；D. in that 因为。句意：中国的经济一定会发展非常快速，因为新的政府能够科学地、实事求是地工作。根据句意可知应选 D。10.C 【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意为：为了不再迟到，今天早晨他是打车来学校的。根据句意排除 A、B 两项，而 so as not to不用于句首，故 C项正确。II.语篇填空(用适当的连词填空)1.and 2.until 3.after 4.When/As soon as 5.Therefore 6.and 7.when 8.
42、Although/Though 9.and 10.and题组三体验真题1.A 【解析】 根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when(正在做某事，就在这时突然)可知选 A。此处 when是并列连词。2.B 【解析】句意：他是一个害羞的人，但是他并不害怕任何事和任何人。A. so 因此；B. but但是；C. or 或者；D. as 作为。根据句意，前后句表示转折，因此选择but。3.A 【解析】考查并列句。句意：一些动物带着种子到处走，所以植物就会扩展到新的地方。本题前半部分讲有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，所以导致16植物传播，表示因果关系的并列句。所以选 A。4.A 【 解析】考查连词。句意：我很高兴又遇见了珍妮， 不过我不想花整天的时间和她在一起。后面句子中的 didnt表示否定，由此可知这里是转折的意思。
