河南省2019年中考数学总复习第二章方程(组)与不等式(组)第三节分式方程及其应用好题随堂演练.doc

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1、1分式方程及其应用好题随堂演练1下列属于分式方程的是( )A. B. 1 C. 1 D. x1x 1 1x 1 x 12 x 32(2018开封一模)分式方程 1 的解为( )2x 1x 2Ax1 Bx Cx1 Dx2123(2018怀化) 一艘轮船在静水中的最大航速为 30 km/h,它以最大航速沿江顺流航行 100 km所用时间,与以最大航速逆流航行 80 km所用时间相等.设江水的流速为 v km/h,则可列方程为( )A. B. 100v 30 80v 30 10030 v 8030 vC. D. 10030 v 8030 v 100v 30 80v 304(2018安阳县一模)小明坐

2、滴滴打车前去火车高铁站,小明可以选择两条不同路线:路线 A的全程是25千米,但交通比较拥堵,路线 B的全程比路线 A的全程多 7千米,但平均车速比走路线 A时能提高60%,走路线 B的全程能比走路线 A少用 15分钟,若设走路线 A时的平均速度为 x千米/小时,根据题意,可列分式方程( )A. 15 B. 1525x 321.6x 321.6x 25xC. D. 321.6x 25x 14 25x 321.6x 145(2018达州)若关于 x的分式方程 2a 无解,则 a的值为_.xx 3 3a3 x6(2018连云港)解方程: 0.3x 1 2x7(2018大庆)解方程: 1.xx 3 1

3、x28(2018扬州) 京沪铁路是我国东部沿海地区纵贯南北的交通大动脉,全长 1 462 km,是我国最繁忙的铁路干线之一.如果从北京到上海的客车速度是货车速度的 2倍,客车比货车少用 6 h,那么货车的速度是多少?(精确到 0.1 km/h)9(2017阜新)随着京沈客运专线即将开通,阜新将进入方便快捷的“高铁时代”,从我市到 A市若乘坐普通列车,路程为 650 km,而乘坐高铁列车则为 520 km,高铁列车的平均速度是普通列车的 4倍,乘坐高铁列车从我市到 A市所需时间比乘坐普通列车缩短 8 h.(1)求高铁列车的平均速度;(2)高铁开通后,从我市乘坐高铁列车到 A市需要多长时间?参考答

4、案1B 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.16解:去分母,得 3x2(x1)0,解得 x2.经检验,x2 是方程的解,所以原方程的解是 x2.7解:两边都乘 x(x3),得:x 2(x3)x(x3),解得:x ,34检验:当 x 时,x(x3) 0,34 2716所以分式方程的解为 x .348解:设货车的速度为 x km/h,则客车的速度为 2x km/h,依题意,列方程 6,1 462x 1 4622x解这个方程,得 x .7316经检验 x 是所列方程的解, 121.8.7316 73163答:货车的速度约为 121.8 km/h.9解:(1)设普通列车的平均速度为 x km/h.则高铁列车的平均速度是 4x km/h,依题意得 650x8,5204x解得 x65,经检验,x65 是原分式方程的解,且符合题意,则 4x 260.答:高铁列车的平均速度是 260 km/h.(2)520260 2( h),答:高铁开通后,从我市乘坐高铁列车到 A市需要 2 h.

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