湖南省2018中考语文面对面第8篇陋室铭复习素材.doc

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1、第8篇 陋 室 铭唐刘禹锡考情搜索:近7年42卷中,2012常德与作者相关的酬乐天扬州初逢席上见赠对比考查。原文呈现 词句段精解山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨(xn)。/苔(ti)痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之乱耳,无案牍(d)之劳形。/南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭。孔子云:“何陋之有?”第一层:开篇运用类比手法,将名山、灵水与“陋室”相提并论,以“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨”点明全文主旨。“德馨”一词统领全篇,为全文之“睛”。第二层:写陋室的环境及陋室主人的日常生活,表达陋室主人安贫乐道的生活情趣。从居室环境、交往人物、日常生活三方面

2、来写。“苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青”写环境雅致。“苔痕”句说明来人之少,“草色”句说明庭草不除,渲染了恬静的气氛,反映了陋室主人淡泊名利的心态。“调素琴”实写,“无丝竹之乱耳”虚写,虚实结合,表现陋室主人高雅脱俗的情致。第三层:总结上文,照应开头,说明“陋室不陋”。以古代贤人自比,表明作者以古代贤者为榜样的志向及抱负。【全文中心】本文通过对陋室环境、室中人的日常交往及室中人的生活情趣的描写,极力表现“陋室”不“陋”,表达了作者在贬谪中安贫乐道的人生态度和高洁傲岸的节操。【写作特色】本文在抒发身居陋室、壮志弥坚的情怀时,运用了“赋、比、兴”的艺术手法。如开头言山、水的诗句是“比、兴”;描写陋室环境及室内生活时用了“赋”的手法。此外,作者引用典故,运用比喻、排比、反问等修辞手法,从多个角度升华了馨香的品德和高洁的志向。

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