课堂达标新人教版选修3_5.doc

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1、1第十九章 第五节 核力与结合能1(上海理工大学附中 20152016 学年高二下学期期中)氦原子核由两个质子与两个中子组成,这两个质子之间存在着万有引力、库仑力和核力,则三种力从大到小的顺序是( D )A核力、万有引力、库仑力 B万有引力、库仑力、核力C库仑力、核力、万有引力 D核力、库仑力、万有引力解析:核力是核子之间的一种强相互作用,其相互作用力巨大,远超过两个质子之间的库仑力,两质子之间的万有引力远小于库仑力,故选项 D 正确。2(山东省淄博市 20172018 学年高三模拟)太阳因核聚变释放出巨大的能量,同时其质量不断减少。太阳每秒钟辐射出的能量约为 41026J,根据爱因斯坦质能方

2、程,太阳每秒钟减少的质量最接近( D )A10 36 kg B10 18 kgC10 13 kg D10 9 kg解析:由质能方程 E mc2得: m kg410 9kg,D 正确。 Ec2 41026 3.0108 23(河南省信阳市 20162017 学年高二下学期期中)原来静止的原子核 X,发生 ba衰变后放出一个动能为 E0的 粒子,求:(1)生成的新核动能;(2)如果衰变释放的能量全部转化为 粒子及新核的动能,释放的核能;(3)亏损的质量。答案:(1) E0 (2) (3)4b 4 bE0b 4 bE0 b 4 c2解析:(1)衰变方程为: X He Yba 42 b 4a 2在衰变过程中动量守恒: m v mYvY, 和生成核的动量 P 相等,所以 ,解得: EKY E0EKYEK EKYE0 mmY 4b 4 4b 4(2)由能量守恒,释放的核能: E E0 EKY E0 E04b 4 bE0b 4(3)由质能关系 E mc2,解得 m bE0 b 4 c2

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