(北京专版)2018年中考物理总复习第07课时浮力及其应用练习.doc

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1、浮力及其应用课堂反馈练习( )1潜水员逐渐从水里浮出水面的过程中,他受到的浮力A逐渐增大 B逐渐减小 C始终不变 D先增大后不变( )2如图所示,小明先用密度计测量某种液体的密度,之后又用它去测量海水的密度,如果该密度计在这种液体中受到浮力的大小为F 浮1 ,在海水中受到浮力的大小为F 浮2 ,则AF 浮1 F 浮2 BF 浮1 =F浮2 CF 浮1 F 浮2 D不能确定( )3俗话说“瓜浮李沉”,意思是西瓜投入水中会 漂浮,李子投入水中会下沉对此现象,下列说法正确的是A西瓜的密度比李子的密度大 B西瓜漂浮时所受浮力大于重力C李子下沉过程中所受水的压强不变 D李子浸没后,下沉过程所受浮力大小不

2、变( )4我国完成了速度超过400km/h的高铁交会试验,两列高速运行的列车交会过程中,产生“强吸力”的原因是两车之间的空气A流速大,压强大 B流速小,压强小C流速大,压强小 D流速小,压强大( )5把鸡蛋浸入盛水的杯中,鸡蛋沉在杯底(如图甲所示),再 往杯中加盐使鸡蛋悬浮(如图乙所示),下列说法正确的是A液体的密度: 甲 = 乙B鸡 蛋排开液体的质量:m 甲 m乙C鸡蛋受到的浮力:F 甲 =F乙D液体对杯底的压强:P 甲 =P乙6一重为0.6N的鸡蛋先后放入甲、乙两液体中,如图所示,鸡蛋在甲中悬浮,在乙中漂浮,则鸡蛋在甲中受到的浮力为 N,甲的密度 乙的密度(选填“”、“”或“=”)7下列A

3、、B、C、D四幅图是“探究浮力的大小与排开水所受重力关系”的过程情景,请根据图示完成下面的填空(1)实验中的所用圆柱体的重力为 N(2)在情景图B中存在的错误是 (3)纠正错误后,继续实验,在情景C中,圆柱受到的浮力F 浮 = N(4)圆柱体排开的水所受的重力G 排 = N(5)实验结果表明:浸在水中的物体受到的浮力 物体排开水 所受到的重力(6)纠正错误后,圆柱体从刚接触水面到全部浸没水中,水对溢水杯底的压强 (选填“逐渐增大”、“逐渐减小”、“保持不变”)( )8未煮过的汤圆沉在水底,煮熟后漂浮在水面上,则此时汤圆A受到的浮力等于重力,排开水的体积比未煮过的小B受到的浮力大于重力,排开水的

4、体积比未煮过的小C受到的浮力大于重力,排开水的体积比未煮过的大D受到的浮力等于重力,排开水的体积比未煮过的大( )9将体 积相同材料不同的甲、乙、丙三个实心小球,分 别轻轻放入三个装满水的相同烧杯中,甲球下沉至杯底、乙球漂浮和丙球悬浮,如图所示,下列说法正确的是A三个小球的质量大小关系是m 甲 m 乙 m 丙B三个小球受到的浮力大小关系是F 甲 =F丙 F 乙C三个烧杯中的水对烧杯底部的压强大小关系是p 甲 p 乙 p 丙D三个烧杯底部对桌面的压强大小关系是p 甲 p 乙 =p 丙10某实验小组利用甲图所示的器材,来探究“浮力的大小与哪些因素有关”:(1)选择器材,验证猜想:探究一:只选择器材a、c、d、e,就可探究“浮力的大小是否与物体浸在液体中的体积有关 ”;探究二:只选择器 材 (选填器材编号),就可探究“浮力的大小是否与液体的密度有关”;探究三:只选择器材a、b、d、e,就可探究 (2)在上述过程中采用的研究方法主要是 A比值法 B等效法 C控制 变量法 D估算法(3)完成以上探究后,他们又按乙图所示的步骤进行了测量物质密度的实验称量出a金属块的重力G=F 1=4.8N;将它浸没在水中时,弹簧测力计的示数F 2= N,则此时物体所受浮力为F 浮 = N;将a金属块浸没到煤油中,此时弹簧测力计的示数F 3=4.0N,由此可知煤油的密度为 煤油= kg/m 3

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