1、1第 9讲 特殊句式1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018天津,14)A.which B.thatC.when D.where答案 B解析 句意为:直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。分析题干可知本句是一个强调句,被强调的是 only when引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构“It is/was被强调的部分that剩余部分”可知选 B项。2.In any unsafe situation,simply the but
2、ton and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018北京,8)A.press B.to pressC.pressing D.pressed答案 A解析 根据空后的 and可知应该选 A项。这是一个固定句式,其构成是“祈使句and陈述句” 。句意为:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。3.Not until at the airport she had left her passport at home.A.the lady arrived;she realized2B.
3、the lady arrived;did she realizeC.did the lady arrive;she realizedD.did the lady arrive;did she realize答案 B解析 句意为:直到这位女士到达了机场,她才意识到她把护照丢在了家里。not until位于句首,倒装的是主句,从句不倒装。4.It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津,11)A.who B.whereC.which D.that答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定
4、。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was与 that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断, “When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用 that。5.Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津,3)A.she re
5、alized B.has she realized C.she has realized D.did she realize答案 D解析 考查倒装及动词的时态。句意为:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。 “only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为 D。6.Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南,31)A.to keep B.to
6、have kept3C.keep D.have kept答案 C解析 考查祈使句。句意为:一直要记住:你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用 keep。keep in mind 记住,是固定搭配。7.If for the job,youll be informed soon.(2015北京,31)A.to accept B.acceptC.accepting D.accepted答案 D解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中 if之后省略了主语和 be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for t
7、he job,所以选 D。诊断报告考向 对应题号 我的薄弱环节1 强调句 1,42 倒装句 3,53 其他(省略和替代、祈使句等) 2,6,7解题方法固定句式很重要,标记词汇要记牢。强调句中看句式,出现 it is/was要盯梢。倒装结构细分辨,副词置于句最前,否定意义风向标。1.还原法一般说来,对于一些特殊的句型,我们可以把它们还原为正常的句型,如把倒装句还原为陈述句等。2.结构分析法在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型,如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。3.固定句型判断法在平时的学习中,要掌握各种句型,注意积累一些经典的句型,把它们运用到日常写作中,以达到真正掌握的目的。4考点 1
8、强调句You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津,13)A.who B.which C.where D.that答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型:It is/was被强调部分that/who剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was与 that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断, “The coach picks up tourists at the
9、 hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应填 that。考点归纳 1 强调句型中的 6个考查重点:1.强调句型的疑问句在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分?”或“疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分?”结构。(1)Was it her being ill that made her parents unhappy?是不是她生病使她的父母不高兴?(2)When was it that she
10、 changed her mind?她什么时候改变主意的?2.在对 not.until结构中的 until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的 not移至 until之前,构成 It is/was not until.that.结构。注意 that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she
11、 was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。53.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。4.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构。It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him thi
12、s morning.正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。5.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was”和“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before” ,原句则不完整。(1)It was at 1428 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)是在 14点28分强烈的地震爆发的。(2)It was 1428 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)当强烈的地震爆发时是 14点 28分。6
13、.强调句型中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句 It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,isnt it?是玛丽而不是你想问我那件事,是吗?考点归纳 21.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分” 。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。判断句子是否为强调句型可以将 It is/was和 that/who去掉,如果剩余部分的结构依然完整,则该句为强调句型。否则不是。It was Lao Yu that I met at the
14、New Oriental School yesterday.I met Lao Yu at the New Oriental School yesterday.昨天我在新东方学校碰到了老于。2.强调句的特殊句式6强调句的特殊句式 结构构成一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他部分?not until句式 It is/was not until.that句子其他部分not.but.句式It is not.that.,but./It is not.but.that.(1)How was it that your
15、brother managed to pass the math exam last week? Hes always so lazy.你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的?他总是那么懒。(2)It wasnt until nearly a month later that I received the managers reply.直到将近一个月后,我才收到了经理的回信。特别提醒 do/does/did 强调句型:do/does/did 只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。It was very difficult for my father to quit smo
16、king,who smoked for 30 years,but in the end he did manage it.尽管戒烟对我父亲来说很难,他有 30年的烟龄,但最终他确实戒掉了。3.注意强调句型与其他句型的区别(1)强调句型与定语从句的区别It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。(where 引导定语从句;that 为强调句型中的that)(2)强调句型与名词性从句的区别It is exciting that we have succeeded in winnin
17、g the final.(主语从句)我们成功地赢得了决赛实在很令人兴奋。It is not what he says but what he does that matters.重要的是他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句型)考点 2 倒装句7Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏,34)A.they had encouraged B.had they encouragedC.did they encourage D.they encouraged答案
18、C解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间状语 recently可知本句应用一般过去时。 “Not until状语”位于句首的,句子采用部分倒装语序,因此选 C。考点归纳1.部分倒装 (1)当否定词(never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely 等)以及由no构成的否定短语(at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition 等)置于句首时用部分倒装。(2)当“only状语(从句)”置于句首时,句子
19、用部分倒装。(3)在 so/such .that .句式中,当 so/such位于句首时,其后的句子用部分倒装。(4)当 as/though表示“虽然,尽管” ,引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。though 引导的让步状语从句也可以不倒装。(5)not only.but also.连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用部分倒装,而 but also后的分句不倒装。(6)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”so 表示肯定意义; neither/nor表示否定意义 。(7)hardly .when .;no
20、sooner .than .;scarcely .when .“刚就” ,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。(8)如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were,should,had,可以把 if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。(1)Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.8直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白它。(2)Only after he failed a third time did he admit that his
21、English ability was quite limited.直到他又一次失败,他才承认他的英语能力很有限。(3)No sooner had he heard someone calling for help than he jumped into the river without hesitation.一听见有人呼救,他就毫不犹豫地跳入河中。2.完全倒装在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:1表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,now,then,in t
22、he room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。2若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。3there be句型:其中 be动词有时可用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替,谓语动词用就近原则。考点 3 其他(祈使句、省略和替代、there be、反意疑问句等)1. me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.(2014大纲全国,33)A.Calling B.CallC.To call D.Having called答案 B解析 考查祈使句
23、。句意为:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知,此处是“祈使句and陈述句”这一固定句式结构,故 B项正确。2.The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely, ,reaching 30 in summer.(2014福建,28)A.if not B.if ever9C.if any D.if so答案 B解析 考查省略句。句意为:这里的气候相当宜人,如果曾经有的话,夏天也很少达到30。if ever为省略句,补全完整为: if the temperature has ever reached 30 in
24、summer。3.I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?(2014重庆,10)A.mustnt B.haventC.didnt D.hadnt答案 C解析 考查反意疑问句。答句句意为:那你逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆,对吗?must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.?” ;(2)句
25、中有明确的过去时间状语时,结构为“didnt.?” 。题中 last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间,故 C项正确。4.Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.You cant imagine they played in the battlefields.A.what crucial a role B.what role crucialC.how crucial a role D.how a crucial role答案 C解析 句意为:看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。你想象不到它们在过去的战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。强调单数可数名词,感叹句可有两种形式
26、“Whata/an形容词名词主语谓语”或“How形容词a/an名词主语谓语” 。故选 C。考点归纳一、祈使句1.祈使句的否定式在动词前加 dont。祈使句带主语时,其否定式把 dont放在主语前。Dont you speak so loud.你不要那么大声说话。2.注意句型:祈使句and/or/otherwise一般将来时的陈述句。Close the door of fear behind you,and you will see the door of faith open 10before you.关闭你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。二、状语从句的省略1.当状语从句的主
27、语和主句的主语一致或主语是 it,且从句中含有 be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be动词。2.so或 not代替上文内容,此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式;其他类似结构还有:if ever,if any,if anything 等。3.Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟 so与 not分别表示肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。Well take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this July to your school.我们将于今年 7月赴贵校参加夏令营
28、时带去这些书。三、不定式的省略1.单独使用不定式符号 to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在 be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish 等后面。否定形式的省略用 not to。2.不定式符号 to用在某些形容词,如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。3.如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been,通常保留 be,have 和 have been。4.在 do nothing but,cant help but,why not,
29、would rather .than .;prefer to do .rather than .等句型中省略 to。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但是他不想去。四、常考的反意疑问句的四种情况(一)陈述部分含有 must/may/might的反意疑问句1.当 must作“必须,有必要”讲时,其反意疑问部分用 neednt;当含有 mustnt(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用 must/may。2.“must/may be”对现在的情况进行推测,按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进11行处理。3.“must完
30、成时”用来推测过去的动作,强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时,按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理;若句中有表示过去的明确的时间状语时,按一般过去时的附加疑问句处理。(1)You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走,是吗?(2)You must have studied English for three years,havent you?你一定学英语三年了,对吗?(3)He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他一定是昨天完成的,是吗?(二)祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:1.
31、否定祈使句,will you?2.肯定祈使句,will/wont you?3.Lets .,shall we?4.Let us .,will/wont you?(1)Dont talk any more,will you?别再说话了,好吗?(2)Lets begin the class,shall we/shant we? 我们开始上课吧,好吗?(三)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分常和主句保持一致。2.陈述部分的主句谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 等,且主句主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语
32、和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。12(1)He said that he would come to my birthday party,didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?(2)We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她会做得更好的,是吗?(四)陈述部分含有否定含义及否定词的反意疑问句1.如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。2.陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句:当陈述部分带有se
33、ldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody 等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。(1)Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?(2)Its unfair,isnt it?那不公平,是吗?(3)He is never late for school,is he?他上学从不迟到,是吗?五、感叹句的基本构成形式:1.What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语!2.How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语!3.How形容词/副词主语谓语!4.How句子! 也可表示对句中动
34、作的感叹。(1)What bad manners it is for the boy to talk with his mouth full!那个男孩满口食物说话是多么不礼貌啊!(2)Failing for the first time has made him come to know how important a second chance is.第一次失败的教训让他开始明白再一次的机会是多么重要。1.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River ,one 13of the ten largest citi
35、es in China.(2018红桥区二模)A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing liesC.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie答案 A解析 表示方位或方向的副词位于句首,需要使用完全倒装。比如here,there,from,away,out,in,up,down,at 等。正常语序是 Chongqing lies at the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River。2.What caused the death of more than 170 tho
36、usand people? the tsunami in the Indian Ocean.(2018红桥区一模)A.It was B.They wereC.That was D.This was答案 A解析 分析句子结构可知本句是强调句的省略形式,被强调部分是 the tsunami in the Indian Ocean。其完整形式应该为:It was the tsunami in the Indian Ocean that caused the death of more than 170 thousand people.3.Into the dark classroom ,who wa
37、s surprised and moved when every student sang Happy Birthday to her.(2018天津十二区县二模)A.did Cindy walk B.walked CindyC.Cindy walked D.Cindy did walk答案 B解析 将表示地点的介词短语放在句首进行强调时,句子使用全部倒装。句意为:辛蒂走进了黑暗的教室,当每位学生都为她唱生日歌时,她感到惊讶和感动。4.Have you seen the film Forever Young?Of course,I have.It was in our city it was
38、made.(2018和平区一模)A.when B.where C.that D.which答案 C解析 强调句型的基本结构为:It is/was被强调成分that/who其他成分;其最大的特点是把 It is/was.that/who.去掉,句子仍然成立。本题强调的是地点状语 in our city。句意为:你看过无问西东这部电影吗?当然,我看过了。它就是在我们市拍摄的。145.Nowadays many teenagers often take their parents love for granted.Seldom what they should return them when th
39、ey are old.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模)A.do they think B.they thinkC.think they D.did they think答案 A解析 句意为:现在许多青少年常常认为父母的爱是理所当然的。他们很少想到在父母年老时应该用什么来回报父母。否定词 seldom位于句首,主谓应部分倒装;又因说的是客观事实,需用一般现在时。故答案为 A。6.Whats the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still .(2017红桥区二模)A
40、.hopes to B.hopes soC.hopes not D.hopes for答案 A解析 句意为:Della 怎么了?哦,她父母不允许她去参加聚会,但她依然想去。不定式的省略形式:保留不定式符号 to省略其后的动词;so 作为替代词替代的是前面的肯定句的内容,而 not作为替代词替代的是前面的否定句的内容。7.Years may wrinkle the skin,but it is to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.(2017河西区二模)A.who B.whichC.that D.when答案 C解析 句意为:岁月悠悠只令容颜苍老,激情不
41、再却使心灵枯萎。分析句子结构可知,but后的并列分句为强调句型,故选 that。8.If you have any question,please free to contact me at .(2017北京海淀区二模)A.to feel B.feelingC.feel D.felt15答案 C解析 句意为:如果你有任何问题,请随时与我联系。我的邮箱地址是。主句为祈使句,故用动词原形,选 C。9.Experts warn that medical waste from hospitals,if properly,may lead to the spread of disease.(2017南开
42、区三模)A.not handled B.not being handledC.not to be handled D.not having handled答案 A解析 句意为:专家警告说,医院的医疗废弃物如果处理不当可能会导致疾病的传播。if条件句的完整形式为:if it is not handled properly。10.Can you explain the WTO can control the price of oil?(2017天津十二区县一模)A.how is it that B.what it is thatC.how it is that D.what is it that答
43、案 C解析 题干空格后面是动词 explain后面的宾语从句,根据句意“如何控制油价”判断应选用 how引导,而 how又被强调句型所强调。强调句型的基本结构是“It be被强调部分that(被强调的是人可以用 who)其他” 。如果被强调的是特殊疑问词,特殊疑问词要放在句首,构成“特殊疑问词be it that其他” ,本题中被强调的是 how,所以结构是“how is it that.”。此外,由于本句是名词性从句,必须用陈述语序,因此陈述语序为“how it is that”,故选 C。专题强化练(九).单项填空1.Only then how much damage had been c
44、aused.(2018和平区二模)A.she realized B.she had realizedC.had she realized D.did she realize答案 D解析 “only状语/状语从句”位于句首时,主句部分用部分倒装。那么可排除没有使用16倒装结构的 A和 B;根据时间状语“then”可知主句应该使用一般过去时,可排除 C。2.Not until Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.(2018天津一中 3月考)A.she realized B.had she realiz
45、edC.she had realized D.did she realize答案 D解析 本句 not until位于句首,引导时间状语从句,后面的主句需要使用部分倒装结构,即借助助动词来完成,因为是一般过去时的句子,所以使用 did。故选 D。3.Its burning hot today,isnt it?Yes. yesterday.(2017红桥区一模)A.So was it B.So it wasC.So it is D.So is it答案 A解析 “So助动词/情态动词/be 动词另外一主语”表示前面的肯定情况适用于另外一个主体,意思是“也是如此,和一样” ,而“So同一主语助动词
46、/情态动词/be动词”表示前面的情况属实,意思是“的确如此” 。答句的意思是“昨天和今天一样炎热” ,可排除 B和 C两项;再根据时间状语 yesterday可知应为过去时,排除 D项。故选A。4.Mary was so occupied!Scarcely rushed home from work when she started to cook dinner.(2017天津五校联考一模)A.has she B.she hadC.had she D.she has答案 C解析 scarcely.when.一就。scarcely 为否定副词,置于句首要用部分倒装,排除 B、D;又根据句意“Ma
47、ry 特别忙!她下班后一到家就开始做晚餐” ,可判断此半句为过去完成时,用 had,故选 C。5.Why!I have nothing to explain. you want me to say?(2017南开区三模)A.What is it that B.What it is that17C.How is it that D.How it is that答案 A解析 句意为:哎呀!我没什么好解释的。你到底想让我说什么呢?强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为:“特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子剩余部分?” ;由句意知疑问词用 what,故选 A。6. that I wouldnt support
48、 myself at that moment.(2017河东区一模)A.I was weak enough B.I was too weakC.So weak was I D.Such weak was I答案 C解析 句中 that连接的是结果状语从句,常与 so,such 连用;weak 是形容词,要用 so来修饰;“so形容词”提前,句子要部分倒装。故选 C。7.By the side of the playground of our school ,which was built in 2012 with the support of a generous businessman.(2017天津十二所重点中学二模)A.there standing the new libraryB.does the new library standC.the new library standsD.stands the new library答案 D解析 句意为:我们学校的操场旁边有一个新图书馆,它是由一个慷慨的商人在 2012年援建的。表示地点或方位的介词短语 By the side of the playground of our school