1、1十二、主旨大意文章大意题(2018北京，A)My First Marathon(马拉松)A month before my first marathon，one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks，leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet，I was determined to go ahead.I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P.E.class，the teacher required
2、us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was “not athletic”.The idea that I was “not athletic” stuck with me for years.When I started running in my 30s，I realized running was a battle against myself，not about competition or whether or not I was athlet
3、ic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!The night before my marathon，I dreamt that I couldnt even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous，but ready to prove something to myself.Shortly after crossing the start line，my shoe laces(鞋带) became untied.So I
4、stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!At mile 3，I passed a sign：“GO FOR IT，RUNNERS！”By mile 17，I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain，I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.By mile 21，I was starving!2As I approached mile 23，I could see my
5、 wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at 4 a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished! And I got a medal.In fact，I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.Determined to
6、be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a “marathon winner”.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不畏艰难，挑战自我，坚持跑完马拉松，实现了一次从自我砥砺到自我认识的人生“长跑”的励志故事。文章旨在向人们传递积极的价值观：只要勇于挑战，拼搏进取，人人皆为胜者。36.A month before the marathon，the author .A.was well trainedB.felt scaredC.made up his mind t
7、o runD.lost hope答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第一段第二句“Yet，I was determined to go ahead.”并结合上句最后的“leaving me only two weeks to train”可知，虽然作者在马拉松比赛前一个月脚踝受伤需休息两周，但他决心在仅剩的两周训练时间里继续前行，去参加马拉松长跑。此处的关键信息 determined与选项 C中的 made up his mind相吻合。故选 C。37.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his 7th year?A.To acknowledge t
8、he support of his teacher.B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.C.To show he was not talented in sports.D.To share a precious memory.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句“I didnt do either well.He later informed me that I was not athletic.”可知，作者列举小时候第一次上体育课的例子，说明自己跑圈不行，打垒球也不行，所以老师告诉作者他不擅长体育运动。这显然表明了作者在运动方面没有天赋
9、，与选项 C的意思相匹配。38.How was the authors first marathon?A.He made it.3B.He quit halfway.C.He got the first prize.D.He walked to the end.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！”可知，作者跑完了这次马拉松。这与选项 A中的“made it(做成)”意思相吻合。39.What does the story mainly tell us?A.A man ow
10、es his success to his family support.B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.C.Failure is the mother of success.D.One is never too old to learn.答案 B解析 文章大意题。根据作者对自己马拉松情况的叙述可知，对于一位脚踝有伤、不具有运动天赋的人来说去跑马拉松面临的挑战可想而知，但作者不畏艰难，凭着强大的意志力，最后成功到达终点，显然就是选项 B提到的“一位具有强大意志力的获胜者” 。故选 B项。一、题型解读说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的
11、多种话题如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普说明类，都会考查文章大意类题。设问形式常有：(1)What is the main theme/topic/idea of this/the passage/the text?(2)What does the text/passage mainly focus on?(3)The passage is mainly about .(4)The general/main idea of the passage is .(5)The passage mainly focuses on .二、解题技巧“主题句定位”寻主旨文章是由段落组成的。段落的主题就是段落的中
12、心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。主题句的位置一般有以下几种：(1)主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思4想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。(2)主题句出现在文末。在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式
13、。(3)主题句首尾呼应。为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。(4)主题句出现在中间。写作方式为：细节描述归纳主题进一步解释。以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1.段落中出现表示转折的词语(如 however，but，in fact，actually 等)时，该句很可能是主题句。2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。3.作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。4.表示总结或结论的句子常包含 therefore，thus，in short，conclude，conclusion 等词。例如：【真题感悟】中第 39题，通读全文可知，作者
14、在讲述自己跑马拉松的经历，再根据最后一段“Determined to be myself，move forward，free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签)，I can now call myself a marathon winner.”可知，作者成功跑完马拉松源于自己的强大意志力。故选 B。A(2018天津十二区县二模)While learning the science lessons，I used to get a doubtwhy ears，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special sense
15、s? The basic reason is that these are the channels through which we maintain contact with the surroundings.Though apparently it may feel like these are individual sensory organs，they do show some connectivity.Interestingly，our hearing is less sharp after we eat a heavy food.Isnt it good for a sound
16、nap after a stomach-full meal？That does not mean we go deaf after a meal，but the hearing pitch(强度) does change after a heavy meal.We usually give credit of the taste to our tongue，but do you know that 5unless saliva(唾液) dissolves something，our tongue cannot recognize the taste of the food eaten.Tast
17、e is nothing but the food chemicals dissolved in the saliva being sensed by the taste buds present on the tongue.Try to dry off your tongue and mouth with a tissue paper and then taste something.Women are much better smellers than men.They are born with this characteristic ability and can correctly
18、pinpoint(准确说出) the exact fragrance of the sample.We all can store almost 50,000 different scents，which are strongly tied to the memories.Pupils(瞳孔) do not respond to light alone，but to the slightest bit of noise around too.Thus surgeons，watchmakers and those professionals who have to perform a much
19、delicate job do prefer to have a sound-free environment.Even a small noise can dilate(扩大 ) their pupils，change the focus and blur(使模糊) their vision.If you do not wear glasses or contact lens due to having a 6/6 vision，you are just among the one third of the human population.It is now statistically p
20、roved that only one third of the population has perfect vision，rest all are either wearing glasses or are trying to read with a compromised vision.Each and every one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.This smell is v
21、ery subtle(微妙的) yet can be sensed even by a newborn.It may be due to this scent that the newborn recognizes the presence of his parents around.Many of us can pinpoint the smell of our significant friends and colleagues.A significant part of this phenomenon is guided by genetics but it is also change
22、d by the environment，diet and personal hygiene.This all together creates the unique chemistry that is individualistic for each person.1.We can learn from Paragraph 1 that .A.after a full meal our hearing is as good as beforeB.all sensory organs are connected and can be exchangedC.sensory organs func
23、tions can never be changed for their particular characterD.we feel and learn about the world around us through our eyes，ears，nose and tongue答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句“.I used to get a doubtwhy ear，nose，tongue and eyes should be called as special senses？The basic reason 6is that these are.surroundings.”
24、可知，我们通过感官和外界保持联系。2.What may happen after you have had a rich lunch?A.Your eyes become dim.B.You may feel energetic and fresh.C.Your hearing pitch may be decreased.D.Your tongue may lose the function of taste.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第一、二、三句可知，吃饱后人的听觉会降低，但不会变聋。3.What does the author mean by the underlined
25、 sentence in Paragraph 2?A.Our tongues cant be dried while eating something.B.If your tongue is dried without any saliva on it，it will not work.C.A tissue paper is the only thing that can be used to dry our tongues.D.If your tongue is dried with a tissue paper，it may work as well as before.答案 B解析 句意
26、理解题。根据第二段内容可知，舌头必须在唾液的配合下才能分辨味道，如果用纸把舌头擦干，舌头的味觉功能就会丧失。故选 B。4.What makes each person different from anyone else except identical twins?A.The number of sensory organs.B.The functions of sensory organs.C.The particular smell of a person.D.The style of ones behaviour.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Each and ever
27、y one of us has a particular or individualistic or characteristic smell，which is unique to us，except for the identical twins.”可知，除同卵双胞胎以外，我们每个人身上都有独特的味道。故选C。5.What is the text mainly about?A.The functions of sensory organs.B.The connectivity of our tongue and ear.C.A newborns senses of the sensory o
28、rgans.D.The differences of senses between women and men.答案 A解析 主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，这篇文章讲的是感觉器官的联系和功能。7B(2018天津部分区县一模)Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chances are that you dont.You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the songs on your playlist are much cooler.B
29、ut here is what scientists found recently：peoples music tastes change as they age，according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.So its likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents，whether you like it or not.We used to think t
30、hat culture and personality are the only factors that affect ones music choice.But researchers at the University of Cambridge，UK，gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years.They noticed that as people age，their social circumstances change，and so does their music tastes.There a
31、re three musical periods that people pass through as they mature“intense”， “contemporary” and “sophisticated”.The first period comes in the teenage years，during which time people like intense music such as punk and rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as
32、independent individuals.But as people move into early adulthood，their lifestyle changesthey socialize more and want to build close relationships with others.As a result，they become more fond of contemporary music，such as pop and R&B，which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties wher
33、e people hang out together and chat.When middle age comes，things have settled down for most people.This period will be dominated(支配) by more “sophisticated” music，such as jazz and classical，as well as more catchy music like country，folk，and blues.“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by
34、work and family，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(有感染力的) music， ” Jason Rentfrow，a researcher member，told The telegraph.But you must be thinking：“Arent there old people who are still into rock music？” Of course there are.But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock m
35、usic may have changed.“We use music for different reasons， ” he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their 8youths.语篇解读 本文主要讲述了“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？” 研究发现音乐品味随着年龄的增长而变化。6.Why do children usually like different songs from their parents according to the passage?A.Children pref
36、er cool music.B.Music taste changes with age.C.Parents songs are always dull.D.Parents have better social circumstances.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“But here is what scientists found recently：peoples music tastes change as they age”可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化，所以孩子与父母喜欢的音乐不同。可知答案为 B。7.The underlined word “catchy” in
37、 Paragraph 7 probably means “ ”.A.touching and easily rememberedB.awkward and easily capturedC.elegant but difficult to understandD.flexible and difficult to catch答案 A解析 词义猜测题。由该画线词后列举的例子，如乡村音乐、民谣音乐和蓝调音乐，以及倒数第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family，and there is a req
38、uirement for relaxing，emotive(动情的) music”可知，画线词的意思是“吸引人的，容易记住的” ，故答案为 A。8.Middle age is a period when people .A.have an aggressive goalB.like pop and R&BC.desire close connections with othersD.lead a stressful life答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“For many，this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and fa
39、mily，and there is a requirement for relaxing，emotive(动情的)music”可知，对很多人来说，这个人生阶段经常被工作和家庭9所累，需要放松的、有感染力的音乐。由此可知，中年是一个有压力的生活时期。故答案为D。9.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.Old people dont like rock music.B.Music can serve as a reminder.C.Rock music makes old people younger.D.Listening to rock mu
40、sic needs reasons.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We use music for different reasons， he said，and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths.”可知，音乐可以作为一个引起人回忆的事物。故答案为 B。10.Whats the main idea of the passage?A.Why do people like music?B.How can you improve your music talent?C.What
41、influences peoples music taste?D.Why do different people like different music?答案 C解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段及第二段首句可知，音乐的品味随着年龄的增长而变化。所以本文讲述的是“是什么影响了人们的音乐品味？”故选 C。题型组合练(十五).单项填空1. many people said the smartphone made their lives easier，others pointed out its shortcomings.A.If B.OnceC.Unless D.While答案 D解析 句意为：虽
42、然很多人说智能手机让他们的生活更轻松，但也有人指出了它的缺点。if如果；once 一旦；unless 除非。前后句之间是让步关系，while 在此是从属连词，意为“虽然，尽管” ，符合语境。故选 D。2.Exerciseor at least get moving，which helps the blood to and gets ideas moving around.10A.circulate B.transformC.accelerate D.develop答案 A解析 句意为：做锻炼，至少(身体)活动一下，有助于血液循环，想出好主意。circulate传播，循环；transform 转
43、变，改变；accelerate 加速，促进；develop 发展，形成。故选A。3.A large quantity of books and newspapers in foreign languages up to now，not to mention those in Chinese.A.has been subscribed toB.have been subscribed toC.had been subscribed toD.is subscribed to答案 B解析 句意为：到目前为止，大量的外语书籍和报纸已经被订阅了，更别提那些中文的。主语是 books and newspa
44、pers，谓语用复数，且主谓之间是被动关系，且由 up to now可知应用现在完成时。故选 B。4.Do you have any shoes which my jacket?Im afraid not.But you may have more choices.A.agree with B.begin withC.go with D.compare with答案 C解析 句意为：有和我夹克相配的鞋吗？恐怕没有了。但是你可以有更多的选择。agree with与某人(观点)一致，同意(赞同)某人的意见；begin with以开始，从开始；go with相伴，跟相配；compare with(把
45、)与相比，比得上，可与相比，比较。故选 C。5.The argument arouses quite in society it is good to cancel English test in the College Entrance Examination.A.why B.where C.what D.whether答案 D解析 句意为：在高考中取消英语考试是否有好处，这常常引起社会的争论。whether 在此处引导同位语从句，故选 D。6.The retired teacher said， “By the year 2020，my savings off all my debts.”A
46、.will have paid B.would have paid11C.have paid D.had paid答案 A解析 句意为：这位退休教师说， “到 2020年，我的存款将还清我所有的债务。 ”将来完成时表示“到将来某时之前或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作” ，符合语境。故选 A。7.What Im going to say may offend some sensitive listeners at the meeting， I offer my apologies in advance.A.from whom B.for whomC.to whom D.towards whom答案
47、 C解析 句意为：我的发言可能会冒犯一些敏感的听众，我事先向这些人致歉。offer sth. to sb. 是固定搭配。这是“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句。故选 C。8.Our country has successfully established the temporary space lab，which proves that，with and determination，all obstacles can be overcome.A.requirement B.commitmentC.extension D.distinction答案 B解析 句意为：我国已成功建立了临时太空实验室，这
48、证明，有了投入和决心，所有的障碍都能被克服。requirement 要求；commitment 投入，奉献；extension 延期，延伸；distinction区别，差别。故选 B。9.As has been a consensus，though someone has different opinions，that under no circumstances any practice of dividing China.A.may we accept B.we may acceptC.we could accept D.did we accept答案 A解析 句意为：尽管有人有不同意见，
49、但是我们决不可以接受任何分裂中国的行径，这一点已形成共识。under no circumstances“决不” ，当其位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。由语境可知应用一般现在时，排除 D项。故选 A。10.Is this your favorite?The new kind of computer is OK style，but its a bit out of color，Im afraid.A.in spite of B.regardless ofC.in terms of D.for the sake of12答案 C解析 句意为：这是你的最爱吗？这种新型电脑在款式方面没有问题，但是颜色恐怕有点过时了。in spite of 虽然，尽管；regardless of 不管，不顾；in terms of 根据，就而言；for the sake of 为了的缘故。根据句意，C 项是最佳答案。.阅读理解(2018河东区一模)When I arrived at university，I had nothing in my
