1、1专题二 完形填空 第一节 技法点拨把脉近三年天津卷考向分布2018 2017 20166月 3月 6月 3月 6月年份体裁个数题型记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文 记叙文句内层次(较易) 9 10 9 10 10句组层次(中等) 8 7 8 8 8语篇层次(较难) 3 3 3 2 2分析近 3年的天津卷高考试题，我们不难发现，完形填空的文章体裁主要是记叙文。内容主要是传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。题型分为句内层次、句组层次、语篇层次等三个层次，以句内层次和句组层次题为主，语篇层次题为辅，较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中始终有这三个层次，认真甄别每道题是属于哪
2、种层次，然后再确定用何种方法来解题，从而做到万无一失。2一、解题步骤1.通读全文，把握主旨。 在速读全文的过程中要重视首句、首段的信息，注意找出文章的关键词、中心词，画出某些代表人物和情节的词句，理清“情节线”和“情感线” ，形成对整篇文章概貌的理解。2.上下求索，先易后难。 完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，遇到没有把握的题目时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来的思路推进，等到大部分空格选出答案后，借助已补全的信息，回头扫除“最牛钉子户” 。3.复读全文，微调答案。 做完题后，把填好的短文通读一遍，看看有没有明显的语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以改正。二、解题策略完形填空题
3、的解答实际上就是通过已知信息去破解未知信息。这需要考生从完形填空文章所包含的庞杂的已知信息体系中分析、查找、排查无关的已知信息，定位和查找出与每处具体的填空相关联的已知信息，再根据这些信息最终得出正确答案。下面我们将介绍句内、句组和语篇三种层次题的常用解题技巧，看看应如何利用已知信息来确定未知信息。(一)句内层次题1.利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配和固定结构，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。例题 (20176月天津)This combination of healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the
4、perfect solution.A.scared B.considered3C.confused D.struck分析 本题可以利用固定搭配解题。strike sb. as sth. 给某人以某种印象，让某人觉得。故选 D。2.利用生活常识和文化背景解题完形填空文章中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读下去。例题 (20186 月天津)No one is born a winner. People ma
5、ke themselves into winners by their own 16 .A.luck B.testsC.efforts D.nature分析 本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据常识可知，只有依靠自己的努力才能成为赢家。luck 幸运；test 测试；effort 努力；nature 自然。根据前一句“No one is born a winner.”(没有人天生就是赢家)，可知选 C。3.利用对应成分分析法解题完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将
6、它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。例题 (2017全国)Before the school year 47.ended，I gave the kids a special 48.gift，T-shirts with the words “Verbs Are Your 49.Friends” on them.I had advised the kids that while verbs(动词) may seem dull，most of the 50 things they do throughout their lives will be verbs.50.A.simple B.uniq
7、ueC.fun D.clever分析 本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。4从上述分析可看出，while 是从属连词，连接让步状语从句，意为“虽然” 。故 50空填的词应为 dull“单调的”的反义词，故 C项 fun“有趣的”正确。4.利用逻辑关系解题此方法是通过分析未知填空前后文已知信息之间的逻辑关系来确定答案，主要应用于完形填空的两类题型：一是考查连接词和起连接词作用的短语；二是考查上下文的逻辑关系。例题 (20186月天津)It was a tradition for the schools old team to play against the 19 team at the end o
8、f spring practice.A.successful B.excellentC.strong D.new分析 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据前半句“It was a tradition for the schools old team”中的 old team提示可知，春季训练结束时，学校新老队伍对抗是一个传统。故选 D。5.利用语境暗示分析法解题上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。例题 Several years ago I 37 a letter f
9、rom seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 38.bothered by things.37.A.received B.answeredC.expected D.rejected分析 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据下文语境 “who described herself as.”可知，作者“收到”了一封信，信中一个十七岁的女孩凯里描述了自己是一个世界级的吹毛求疵的人。故选 A。(二)句组层次题1.利用语义复现解题复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词
10、、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯、有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现现象来选择正确的答案。5例题 (20176月天津)That year，I 21.attended a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.A seminar leader shared her 22.success storyshe had not only lost 125 pounds，
11、but also raised 25,000 for homeless children.23.Influenced by her story，I created the As We Heal(痊愈)，the World Heals 24 .24.A.project B.businessC.system D.custom分析 本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。根据上文中的“we were asked to create a project”可知，此处应填 project。project 项目；business 生意；system 系统；custom 风俗。故选 A。2.利用作者态度或感
12、情色彩关联解题在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词等。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。例题 (2016天津)She had a 26.firm intention within herself to be the best she could be. My ten-year-old was growing and changing right before my eyes，into this 27 human being with a passio
13、n and a missionBut that didnt stop her from trying.27.A.trusted B.determinedC.experienced D.embarrassed分析 本题可以利用作者态度或感情色彩关联解题。联系上文的“She had a firm intention”及下文的“But that didnt stop her from trying.”可以看出，她是一个意志坚定的(determined)人。故选 B。3.利用逻辑关系解题在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。例题 (2016全国)Everything they know
14、 about you 42.came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 43 they feel they can know you 44.just from the sound of your voice.43.A.Thus B.Yet6C.Then D.Indeed分析 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。前文提到“他们对你的了解全部通过这台装置，有时来自数百英里远的地方” ，本空用副词 yet表示转折含义：可是他们觉得仅仅通过你的声音他们就能够了解你。故选 B。4.利用语境暗示分析法解题在句组层次题中，有些题目我们
15、往往也需要通过上下文语境，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。例题 (2016全国)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant41.beating out Miller King，who was the best 42 at our school.42.A.coach B.studentC.teacher D.player分析 本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据上文中的“my only purpose was to become the star on our footb
16、all team”可知，此空与 “球员，选手(player)”有关，而不是教练(coach)、学生(student)或老师(teacher)。故选 D。(三)语篇层次题1.利用语义复现解题在语篇层次题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现解题。例题 (20176月天津)27.As I began my own personal weight program，I was filled with the fear that I would 28.run into the same difficulties that beat me before.While the 29 hung over my head，
17、there were also signs.29.A.excitement B.joyC.anger D.fear分析 本题可以利用语义复现解题。本题为原词复现。根据上文中的“I was filled with the fear”可知，此处应填 fear。故选 D。2.利用总分结构对照分析法解题完形填空往往采用总分对照结构，这种结构可以为我们提供重要的解题线索。例题 In our modern world，when something wears out，we throw it away and buy a new one.The 36.problem is that countries ar
18、ound the world have growing 7mountains of 37.rubbish because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.How did we 38 a throwaway society？First of all，it is now easier to 39.replace an object than to spend time and money to repair it.40.Thanks to modern manufacturing(制造业) and technology，c
19、ompanies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively.Products are plentiful and41.cheap.Another cause is our42.love of disposable(一次性的) products.As 43.busy people，we are always looking for 44.ways to save time and make our lives easier.Companies 45.produce thousands of different kinds of
20、disposable products：paper plates，plastic cups，and cameras，to name a few.Our appetite for new products also 46.contributes to the problem.We are 47.addicted to buying new things.Advertisements persuade us that 48.newer is better and that we will be happier with the latest products.The result is that
21、we 49.throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.38.A.face B.becomeC.observe D.change分析 本题可以利用总分结构对照分析法解题。本题在一个总述句“How did we 38 a throwaway society？”中。之前文章在描述一个现象：人们把旧物品扔掉，造成垃圾堆积如山。从文章结构来看，从本题开始出现了另一个意群， “How did we 38 a throwaway society？”为这个意群的总述句，即我们如何成了一个丢弃的社会呢？因此，仅仅看到本题所在句子包含的信息是不
22、够的，还要看其他地方的相关已知信息，这个关键信息就在分述部分。只要总结分述部分，本题就迎刃而解了。总结一下分述部分，很容易判断出第 38题的答案就是 B项 become。因为，下面的分述句都是在分析形成的原因。故选 B。83.利用逻辑关系解题在语篇层次题中，利用逻辑关系也是一种重要的解题方法。例题 Dario and his mother loved their new apartment.The living room was large enough for their piano.That night，the two of them 36.sat side by side at the
23、piano.They played jazz music to celebrate their new home.The loud 37.music filled the room and made them feel very happy.The next morning， 38 ，their happiness disappeared.Someone had left a 39.note under their door during the night.One of their neighbors had written to complain(抱怨) about the sound o
24、f the piano.Darios mother asked the building superintendent(管理员) if he knew anything about it.But he said that they were all 40.nice people and he couldnt imagine any of them had done that.Later that morning，Dario suggestedthat they write a letter to their 41.neighbors and apologize for their playing.38.A.therefore B.howeverC.otherwise D.instead分析 本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。通过上述对本题前后文已知信息的分析，发现上下文是明显的转折关系，因此答案可以确定为选项 B。故选 B。
