1、1第 9讲 特殊句式1It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.(2018天津,14)Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere答案 B解析 句意为:直到汽车停在我们的房子前时我们才看见莉莉坐在乘客座上。分析题干可知本句是一个强调句,被强调的是 only when引导的时间状语从句。根据强调句的结构“It is/was被强调的部分that剩余部分”可知选 B项。2In any unsafe situation,simply the button an
2、d a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.(2018北京,8)Apress Bto pressCpressing Dpressed答案 A解析 根据空后的 and可知应该选 A项。这是一个固定句式,其构成是“祈使句and陈述句” 。句意为:在任何不安全的情况下,只要按一下按钮,训练有素的工作人员就会给予你所需要的帮助。3Not until at the airport she had left her passport at home.Athe lady arrived;she realizedBthe lady arriv
3、ed;did she realizeCdid the lady arrive;she realizedDdid the lady arrive;did she realize2答案 B解析 句意为:直到这位女士到达了机场,她才意识到她把护照丢在了家里。not until位于句首,倒装的是主句,从句不倒装。4It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.(2017天津,11)Awho BwhereCwhich Dthat答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:正是当我回到公寓时,我第一次偶
4、然遇见了我的新邻居们。强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was与 that/who去掉,然后看剩余的部分是不是一个成分完整的句子。经判断, “When I got back to my apartment,I first came across my new neighbors.”句子成分完整,由此可断定本句是强调句,并且强调的是时间状语,故空格处应用 that。5Only when Lily walked into the office that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津,3)Ashe realized Bhas she realiz
5、ed Cshe has realized Ddid she realize答案 D解析 考查倒装及动词的时态。句意为:直到莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。 “only状语从句”位于句首表示强调时,主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知要用一般过去时。故答案为 D。6Always in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南,31)Ato keep Bto have keptCkeep Dhave kept答案
6、C解析 考查祈使句。句意为:一直要记住:你的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。祈使句一般以动词原形开头,故用 keep。keep in mind 记住,是固定搭配。7If for the job,youll be informed soon.(2015北京,31)Ato accept BacceptCaccepting Daccepted3答案 D解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你将会很快得到通知。本题中 if之后省略了主语和 be动词,补充完整为:If you are accepted for the job,所以选 D。诊断报告考向 对应题号 我的薄弱环节1 强调
7、句 1,42 倒装句 3,53其他(省略和替代、祈使句等) 2,6,7解题方法固定句式很重要,标记词汇要记牢。强调句中看句式,出现 it is/was要盯梢。倒装结构细分辨,副词置于句最前,否定意义风向标。1还原法一般说来,对于一些特殊的句型,我们可以把它们还原为正常的句型,如把倒装句还原为陈述句等。2结构分析法在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型,如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。3固定句型判断法在平时的学习中,要掌握各种句型,注意积累一些经典的句型,把它们运用到日常写作中,以达到真正掌握的目的。考点 1 强调句You are waiting at a wrong place.It i
8、s at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.(2016天津,13)Awho Bwhich Cwhere Dthat答案 D解析 考查强调句型的判定。句意为:你等错地方了。长途公共汽车是在旅馆接的游客。从理解思路上先看本句是不是强调句型:It is/was被强调部分that/who剩余部分。强调句的判断方法是将 It is/was与 that/who去掉后,句子意思依然清楚,结构依然完整。经判断, “The coach picks up tourists at the hotel.”句子成分完整,句意明确,故本4句是强调句。因强调的内容是地点,故空格处应
9、填 that。考点归纳 1 强调句型中的 6个考查重点:1强调句型的疑问句在强调句中,无论被强调部分是什么句子成分,变为疑问句时,都须将主句改为疑问语序,即将“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他成分?”或“疑问词is/wasitthat其他成分?”结构。(1)Was it her being ill that made her parents unhappy?是不是她生病使她的父母不高兴?(2)When was it that she changed her mind?她什么时候改变主意的?2在对 not.until结构
10、中的 until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时,要将句中的not移至 until之前,构成 It is/was not until.that.结构。注意 that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式,而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是个著名影星。3如
11、果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时,从句必须使用陈述语序,不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.他问我是谁错拿了他的伞。4强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中,为了增加试题的难度,命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来,使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子,理清结构。It was in the hotel where he stayed that I met him this morning.正是在他住的那间旅馆我今天早晨遇到的他。5强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强
12、调句型强调时间状语时,去掉“it is/was”和“that”原句仍然完整。而在时间状语从句中,若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before” ,原句则不完整。(1)It was at 1428 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)是在 14点28分强烈的地震爆发的。(2)It was 1428 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(时间状语从句)当强烈的地震爆发时是 14点 28分。6强调句型中的反意疑问句式。5在强调句型中,其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句 It is/was.
13、保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter,isnt it?是玛丽而不是你想问我那件事,是吗?考点归纳 21强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调部分that/who其他部分” 。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。判断句子是否为强调句型可以将 It is/was和 that/who去掉,如果剩余部分的结构依然完整,则该句为强调句型。否则不是。It was Lao Yu that I met at the New Oriental School yesterday.I met Lao Yu at the N
14、ew Oriental School yesterday.昨天我在新东方学校碰到了老于。2强调句的特殊句式强调句的特殊句式 结构构成一般疑问句Is/Was it被强调部分that/who句子其他部分?特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词is/was itthat句子其他部分?not until句式 It is/was not until.that句子其他部分not.but.句式It is not.that.,but./It is not.but.that.(1)How was it that your brother managed to pass the math exam last week? Hes
15、always so lazy.你的哥哥是如何通过上周的数学考试的?他总是那么懒。(2)It wasnt until nearly a month later that I received the managers reply.直到将近一个月后,我才收到了经理的回信。特别提醒 do/does/did 强调句型:do/does/did 只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。It was very difficult for my father to quit smoking,who smoked for 30 years,but in the end he did ma
16、nage it.尽管戒烟对我父亲来说很难,他有 30年的烟龄,但最终他确实戒掉了。3注意强调句型与其他句型的区别(1)强调句型与定语从句的区别It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。(where 引导定语从句;that 为强调句型中的6that)(2)强调句型与名词性从句的区别It is exciting that we have succeeded in winning the final.(主语从句)我们成功地赢得了决赛实在很令人兴奋。It is not what he
17、 says but what he does that matters.重要的是他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句型)考点 2 倒装句Not until recently the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.(2016江苏,34)Athey had encouraged Bhad they encouragedCdid they encourage Dthey encouraged答案 C解析 考查倒装句。句意为:直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据时间状语 recently可知本句应
18、用一般过去时。 “Not until状语”位于句首的,句子采用部分倒装语序,因此选 C。考点归纳1部分倒装 1当否定词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely 等以及由 no构成的否定短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition 等置于句首时用部分倒装。2当“only状语 从句”置于句首时,句子用部分倒装。3在 so/such .that .句式中,当 so/such位于句首时,其后的句子用部分倒装。4当 as/though
19、表示“虽然,尽管” ,引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。 though引导的让步状语从句也可以不倒装。5not only.but also.连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用部分倒装,而 but also后的分句不倒装。6表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor 助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”so 表示肯定意义; neither/nor表示否定意义 。7hardly .when .;no sooner .than .; scarcely .when .“刚就” ,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位 于 句 首 时 ,
20、主 句 用 部 分 倒 装 , 从 句 不 倒 装 , 且 主 句用 过 去 完 成 时 , 从 句 用 一 般 过 去 时 。8如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were,should,had,可以把 if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。7(1)Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it.直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白它。(2)Only after he failed a third time did he admit that his English ability was quite limited.直到他又一
21、次失败,他才承认他的英语能力很有限。(3)No sooner had he heard someone calling for help than he jumped into the river without hesitation.一听见有人呼救,他就毫不犹豫地跳入河中。2完全倒装在英语中,把谓语全部放在主语之前的倒装句,称为完全倒装句。常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:1表示地点、方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,now,then,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。2若把作表语的
22、形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时,用完全倒装句。3there be句型:其中 be动词有时可用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen 等词代替,谓语动词用就近原则。考点 3 其他(祈使句、省略和替代、there be、反意疑问句等)1 me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.(2014大纲全国,33)ACalling BCallCTo call DHaving called答案 B解析 考查祈使句。句意为:明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。分析句子结构可知,此处是“祈使句and陈
23、述句”这一固定句式结构,故 B项正确。2The climate here is quite pleasant,the temperature rarely, ,reaching 30 in summer.(2014福建,28)Aif not Bif everCif any Dif so答案 B解析 考查省略句。句意为:这里的气候相当宜人,如果曾经有的话,夏天也很少达到30。if ever为省略句,补全完整为: if the temperature has ever reached 30 in summer。83I spent two weeks in London last summer.Th
24、en you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, you?(2014重庆,10)Amustnt BhaventCdidnt Dhadnt答案 C解析 考查反意疑问句。答句句意为:那你逗留伦敦期间肯定去看过大英博物馆,对吗?must have done在句中表示对过去事实的推测,当句末有反意疑问的语气时,可分为两种情况:(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时,反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.?” ;(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时,结构为“didnt.?” 。题中 last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间,
25、故 C项正确。4Look at the flying pigeons in the sky.You cant imagine they played in the battlefields.Awhat crucial a role Bwhat role crucialChow crucial a role Dhow a crucial role答案 C解析 句意为:看天空中那些飞着的鸽子。你想象不到它们在过去的战场上发挥了多么关键性的作用。强调单数可数名词,感叹句可有两种形式“Whata/an形容词名词主语谓语”或“How形容词a/an名词主语谓语” 。故选 C。考点归纳一、祈使句1祈使句的否
26、定式在动词前加 dont。祈使句带主语时,其否定式把 dont放在主语前。Dont you speak so loud.你不要那么大声说话。2注意句型:祈使句and/or/otherwise一般将来时的陈述句。Close the door of fear behind you,and you will see the door of faith open before you.关闭你身后的恐惧之门,你就会看到信念之门在你的面前打开。二、状语从句的省略1当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或主语是 it,且从句中含有 be动词时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和 be动词。2so 或 not代替上文内容,
27、此时可用“ifso/not”省略句式;其他类似结构还有:if ever,if any,if anything 等。93Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟 so与 not分别表示肯定或否定,宾语从句可省去。Well take the books when participating in the Summer Camp this July to your school.我们将于今年 7月赴贵校参加夏令营时带去这些书。三、不定式的省略1单独使用不定式符号 to代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在 be afraid,expect,f
28、orget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish 等后面。否定形式的省略用 not to。2不定式符号 to用在某些形容词,如 glad,happy,pleased,delighted 等后面。3如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been,通常保留 be,have 和 have been。4在 do nothing but,cant help but,why not,would rather .than .;prefer to do .rather than .等句型中省略 to。I asked him
29、 to see the film,but he didnt want to.我叫他去看电影,但是他不想去。四、常考的反意疑问句的四种情况(一)陈述部分含有 must/may/might的反意疑问句1当 must作“必须,有必要”讲时,其反意疑问部分用 neednt;当含有 mustnt(不允许,禁止)时,其反意疑问部分用 must/may。2 “must/may be”对现在的情况进行推测,按一般现在时或现在进行时的附加疑问句进行处理。3 “must完成时”用来推测过去的动作,强调对现在的影响。句中没有表示过去时间的状语时,按现在完成时的附加疑问句处理;若句中有表示过去的明确的时间状语时,按一
30、般过去时的附加疑问句处理。(1)You must go now,neednt you?你现在必须走,是吗?(2)You must have studied English for three years,havent you?你一定学英语三年了,对吗?(3)He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他一定是昨天完成的,是吗?(二)祈使句的反意疑问句10祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意,而表示一种语气。其结构为:1.否定祈使句,will you?2.肯定祈使句,will/wont you?3.Lets .,shall we?4.Let us .,will
31、/wont you?(1)Dont talk any more,will you?别再说话了,好吗?(2)Lets begin the class,shall we/shant we? 我们开始上课吧,好吗?(三)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句1当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分常和主句保持一致。2陈述部分的主句谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 等,且主句主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致;主句的主语为第二、三人称时,后面的疑问部分与主句的主语、谓语一致。注意陈述部分的否定转移现象。(1)He
32、said that he would come to my birthday party,didnt he?他说他要来参加我的生日聚会,是吗?(2)We believe she can do it better,cant she?我们相信她会做得更好的,是吗?(四)陈述部分含有否定含义及否定词的反意疑问句1如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。2陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句:当陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,scarcely,never,few,little,nothing,nobody 等否定词或半否定词时,疑问部分的动词用肯定形式
33、。(1)Tom dislikes playing tennis,doesnt he?汤姆不喜欢打网球,是吗?(2)Its unfair,isnt it?那不公平,是吗?(3)He is never late for school,is he?他上学从不迟到,是吗?11五、感叹句的基本构成形式:1What (a/an)形容词名词主语谓语!2How形容词a/an可数名词单数主语谓语!3How形容词/副词主语谓语!4How句子! 也可表示对句中动作的感叹。(1)What bad manners it is for the boy to talk with his mouth full!那个男孩满口食
34、物说话是多么不礼貌啊!(2)Failing for the first time has made him come to know how important a second chance is.第一次失败的教训让他开始明白再一次的机会是多么重要。1Up till now,there has been no scientific evidence about caused the death of dinosaurs.(2018兴化一中考前适应,29)Awhat is it that Bwhat it was thatCit was what Dwhat is it答案 B解析 考查强调句
35、。句意为:到目前为止,还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因,即 what,因此这是一个特殊疑问句的强调句型,强调句式后面要跟 that,故可排除 C、D 两项;另外,由于这个强调句是作介词 about的宾语从句,因此要用陈述语序,故 B项正确。2I dont see any reason why I sacrifice myself so much.Never forget why you started so that you can accomplish your mission, ?(2018常州高三上期末统考,32)Awill you Bwont youC
36、can you Dcant you答案 A解析 考查反意疑问句。有 never表示否定意义,排除 B、D 两项。祈使句的反意疑问句一般用 will you。故选 A。3As our teacher often puts it, to key universities those who will never give up halfway.(2018江苏高考压轴,24)12Abeing admitted;areBadmitting;isCadmitted;areDto be admitted;is答案 C解析 考查倒装句和非谓语动词。句意为:正如我们老师经常说的,考入重点大学的那些学生是永远不
37、会半途而废的人。第一个空考查短语 be admitted to(被录取)可以排除 B项;题干是完全倒装结构,正常语序是 those who.are admitted to key universities,得知第二个空是复数谓语动词,可以排除 D项;A 项的 being是多余的,也可以被排除。故选C。4The admission requirements for Zhenhua High School are about the same as for many other countries.(2018如东中学高三上期中,26)Athat BthoseCones Done答案 B解析 考查替
38、代。句意为:振华中学的入学要求和许多其他国家的一样。此处用 those替代前面的 The admission requirements。故选 B。5If for too long,the microscopic life(微生物) within the wrinkles and folds of our bed sheets can turn our bed into a “botanical park”,making us sick.Aleft Bis leftCbeing left Dto be left答案 A解析 考查状语从句的省略。句意为:如果床单太久不洗,床单皱褶里的微生物就会把我
39、们的床变成“植物园” ,让我们生病。由句意可知,本句中主从句主语一致,且从句中含有 be动词的某种形式,故从句的主语和 be动词可以省略,If left for too longIf it (the microscopic life) is left for too long,省略 it is。故选 A。6 that made Mrs White so upset?Her sons making trouble in the school.AWhere was it BWhy was itCHow was it DWhat was it答案 D解析 句意为:是什么让怀特夫人这么难过?她儿子在学
40、校惹事了。判断强调句型的要点是:当去掉 It is/was和 that/who时,剩下的句子结构仍然完整。这里是强调句的13疑问形式,由答语可知,这里句子的主语应该用 What,而不是 Where,Why 或 How。所以应该选 D项。7I am glad to find that on top of the mountain from the time of the Roman Empire.(2017苏北四市统测,29)Alies ancient ruins Blie ancient ruinsCdoes ancient ruins lie Ddo ancient ruins lie答案
41、B解析 考查完全倒装和主谓一致。句意为:我很高兴地发现在山顶上有罗马帝国时期的古代遗址。分析句子成分可知,地点状语 on top of the mountain位于句首时,句子需要全部倒装。ruin 的复数形式 ruins意为“废墟,遗迹” ,故 lie ancient ruins符合题意。8How was the televised debate last night?Super!Rarely so much media attention.(2017启东中学月考,23)Aa debate attracted Bdid a debate attractCa debate did attrac
42、t Dattracted a debate答案 B解析 考查倒装句。否定副词 rarely表示“很少地,罕有地” ,位于句首时后面的句子要用部分倒装,即“助动词主语动词”的形式。故选 B项。9Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasnt surprised that as she was too careless.(2017镇江一模,34)Ashe was so Bso was sheCso did she Dshe did so答案 D解析 考查省略句。句意为:安妮丢了钱包,但是她妈妈对此一点都不感到惊讶,因为她太粗心了。she did so 相当于 she l
43、ost her wallet,为了避免重复,用此结构。故选 D项。10Only since the Industrial Revolution in places away from their homes or been left to raise small children without the help of multiple adults.(2017南京、盐城一模,34)Amost people have workedBhave most people workedCmost people had workedDhad most people worked答案 B14解析 考查倒装
44、句。句意为:自工业革命以来,多数人才到远离他们家园的地方去工作,或者由于没有足够多的成年人的帮助,他们得留下来抚养小孩。分析句子成分可知,当“only状语”位于句首时,主句需要部分倒装。根据时间状语 since the Industrial Revolution可知本题的时态为现在完成时。故 have most people worked符合题意。专题强化练(九).单项填空1Was it near the building,if I may ask, Martin Luther King gave the speech I Have a Dream?(2018如东中学高三上期中,28)Awhe
45、re BwhichCthat Dwhen答案 C解析 考查强调句。句意为:如果我可以问的话,马丁路德金是不是在这座楼附近作的我有一个梦想的演讲? 这里是强调句型其结构是“It was被强调部分that其他” ,判断强调句型的方法是把 It was与 that去掉,整个句子不缺成分。这里被强调的部分是near the building。故选 C。2Take the medicine right away! it yesterday,you would be quite all right now.AHad you takenBWould you takeCShould you takeDWere
46、 you to take答案 A解析 考查虚拟条件句中省略 if的倒装。句意为:赶快吃下这个药。如果你昨天吃了这个药,你今天早就好了。本题是虚拟语气,由 yesterday可知是对过去的虚拟,其形式应为if you had taken it yesterday。如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有 were,should,had,可以把 if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。故选 A。3The employee might have been dismissed by the employer last month, ? Ahasnt he Bdidnt heCwasnt he Dmightnt
47、he答案 C解析 考查反意疑问句。句意为:该雇员上个月也许已经被雇主除名。一般情况下,反意疑问部分取决于主句谓语动词,如 He is kind,isnt he?但在 must/might/could have done等表示推测的句子中,如果有明确的时间状语,反意疑问部分取决于该时间状语。15last month用于过去时。故选 C。4Its the gap year before going to university students can make friends and work on meaningful projects may help them understand coll
48、ege life better.(2018常州高三上期末统考,24)Awhen;that Bwhich;thatCwhen;which Dwhere;which答案 A解析 考查定语从句和强调句。 “gap year”暗示“在这段时间中”所以用 when。把“its”和中间的“before.on meaningful projects”去掉, “the gap year may help them understand college life better”句意仍然通畅,说明为强调句,用 that。故选 A。5The authority concerned must have taken stricter measures to ensure traffic safety next year,it?Yes,definitely.(2018泰州中学高三上期中,32)Adidnt